基于ZEMAX软件的重叠复眼的模拟与分析

介绍了重叠复眼及其优点。与并列型复眼相比,重叠复眼有更高的光能量利用率和更高的灵敏度。首次利用ZEMAX软件对重叠复眼进行了实例模拟,通过光线追迹,详细分析了其工作原理,并且将重叠复眼与并列复眼在灵敏度和光能量利用率两方面进行了对比,得到了前者比后者有更高的光能量利用率和灵敏度的结论。     

Recent developments in the study of higher order nonclassical states

Our recent observations ort higher order nonclassicality are described. Recently we have shown that a generalized notion of higher order nonclassicality (in terms of higher order moments) can be introduced. Under this generalized framework of higher order nonclassicality, conditions of higher order squeezing and higher order subpoissonian photon statistics are derived. Further, with the help of simple density matrices, it is shown that the higher order antibunching (HOA) and higher order subpoissonian photon statistics (HOSPS) are not the manifestation of the same phenomenon and consequently it is incorrect to use the condition of HOA as a test of HOSPS. It is established that the HOA and HOSPS may exist even in absence of the corresponding lower order phenomenon. It is also shown that the potential sources of Single photon must satisfy the condition of HOA. Most of the intermediate states are shown to satisfy the criteria of HOA. A protocol for comparison of potential Single photon sources (SPS) is reported here and the protocol is used to compare some of the existing proposals of SPS. Further, it is shown that it is possible to derive an arbitrarily large number of criterion for higher order nonclassicality but all of them does not yield new and interesting information.     

雾对激光的衰减特性研究

基于gamma雾滴分布模型以及辐射雾和平流雾粒径分布与能见度的经验关系,计算并分析了不同波长激光在两种雾中的衰减率随能见度的变化,透射率随传输距离的变化.结果表明,不同波长激光在两种雾中传输时,波长较长激光的衰减率都比波长较短激光的衰减率低;10.6μm激光在平流雾中衰减率大于在辐射雾中的衰减率;对不同波长激光在两种雾...     

Characteristics of the transmission spectrum of the long period fiber gratings based on the coupling of core mode to the higher order cladding modes

The characteristics of the transmission spectrum of the Long-period fiber gratings (LPFGs) based on the coupling of core mode to a higher order cladding mode (HE mode) are investigated using the coupled mode theory. This kind of LPFGs is different from that based on the coupling of core mode to a lower order cladding mode because of the effect of the coupling of core mode to EH cladding mode. When the cladding mode order is higher, the coupling coefficients of core mode to HE and EH cladding modes are comparable and both of the propagation constants of HE and EH cladding modes approach, so the spectrum has an additional loss peak. The bandwidth of LPFG based on the coupling of core mode to different cladding mode differs greatly. With the change of the mode orders from lower to higher, the transmission spectrum changes from narrow to wide and more narrow.     

The measurement of the conductivity of hydrogen uranyl phosphate tetrahydrate and the determination of the thermodynamics of the hydrogen-tungsten oxide system

The ac impedance method has been used to investigate the conductivity of pressed HUP pellets. The activation energy for the ionic conduction process at high frequencies (30 kJ mol^?1) was attributed to a simple proton hopping step. At lower frequencies (32 Hz) a Warburg diffusional impedance was observed with a much higher activation energy. This was attributed to the higher energy process of vacancy rotations needed for ion transfer over significant distances. Using a concentration cell, with HUP as the electrolyte, the thermodynamics of the hydrogen-tungsten oxide system was investigated.     

Characteristic features of the development of two-stream instability of electron beams in the presence of spatially localized perturbations

A study is made of the evolution of a spatially localized perturbation in the form of a Gaussian packet during two-stream instability in a plasma. It is shown that, on the whole, the moving perturbation is decelerated and its shape is distorted; moreover, the higher the group velocity of the packet, the higher the deceleration rate.     

Ghost imaging with the use of the variance of the difference photocurrent

A radical change has been proposed in the technique for obtaining so-called “ghost images,” i.e., images formed not in intensity distributions, but in the distributions of the higher moments of the intensity. The traditional method for detecting such an image is based on the measurement of the second-order intensity correlation functions. In the proposed method, the variance of the difference between the intensities of two light beams is measured rather than the correlation functions of these intensities. It has been shown theoretically that both the visibility of the image and the signal-to-noise ratio in this case are much higher than those in the traditional method.     

压力对非晶铜形成影响的分子动力学模拟

用分子动力学模拟法研究了Cu熔体在冷却过程中形成非晶的能力. 结果表明，压力使Cu熔体在冷却过程中形成晶体的倾向增加. 高压下冷却形成的Cu非晶中含有较多的晶态原子团，有序度较高.     

有机化合物电子光谱中的助色基及其作用机理探讨(Ⅱ)

助色基的未成键电子对与生色基的最低π~*反键轨道和最高π成键轨道线性组合成三个新的分子轨道。其中能量最高的π~*是反键轨道,它的能量一定高于原生色基的π~*轨道;最高占据π轨道的能级与原生色基的π轨道相比,孰高孰低将随生色基和助色基的不同而异;原生色基的n轨道与助色基的未共用电子对所占轨道相互正交,故两者间的作用可忽略不计,n轨道能级基本保持不变。因此助色基使生色基的n→π~*跃迁吸收波长发生蓝移,而π→π~*跃迁吸收波长是红移还是蓝移,则随生色基及助色基的不同而异。     

Improving image quality of diagnostic ultrasound by using the safe use time model with the dynamic safety factor and the effect of the exposure time on the image quality

Resolution and penetration are primary criteria for image quality of diagnostic ultrasound. In theory (and usually in practice), the maximum depth of imaging in a tissue increases as power (pressure) is increased. Alternatively, at a particular effective penetration, an increased power may be used to allow a higher ultrasound frequency for higher resolution and tissue contrast. Recently, Karagoz and Kartal [29] proposed a safety parameter for thermal bioeffects of diagnostic ultrasound; that is, SUT (safe use time). The SUT model is constructed to determine how long one piece of tissue can be insonated safely according to a threshold exposure. Also, Karagoz and Kartal [29] suggested that an increase in acoustic intensity beyond the current US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) limit of intensity can be theoretically possible by using SUT model while staying within the safe limit. The present study was motivated particularly by the goals of higher resolution and/or deeper penetration by using SUT model. The results presented here suggest that the safe use of higher exposure levels than currently allowed by the FDA may be possible for obtaining substantial improvements in penetration depth and/or resolution. Also, the study reveals that image quality can be functionally related to exposure time in addition to acoustic energy and frequency.     

Operating the SDUV-FEL with the echo-enabled harmonic generation scheme

Using the recently proposed echo-enabled harmonic generation (EEHG) free-electron laser (FEL) scheme, it is shown that operating the Shanghai deep ultraviolet FEL (SDUV-FEL) with single-stage to higher harmonics is very promising, with higher frequency up-conversion efficiency, higher harmonic selectivity and lower power requirement of the seed laser. The considerations on a proof-of-principle experiment and expected performance in SDUV-FEL are given.     

孤子内波导致海洋环境噪声垂直指向性异常分析

依据近场波数积分、远场耦合简正波相结合的二维噪声场模型,侧重理论研究孤子内波所在扇区,环境噪声垂直阵响应的变化,分析了某些孤子内波情形下垂直阵环境噪声水平凹槽变深这一异常现象的原因:孤子内波离垂直阵较近时,远离内波的海面噪声源多,其激发的简正波能量由低号耦合到高号,在垂直阵处高号简正波能量对环境噪声场贡献增大,导致环境噪声水平凹槽加深;对于大尺度、多波包孤子内波,其范围相对较大,内波所在区的局部简正波本征值和本征函数产生的变化影响显著,使低号简正波衰减变快,而高号衰减慢,导致接收阵处高号简正波能量增加,低号简正波变弱,这样,无论孤子内波群靠近或离接收阵远,都将使垂直阵环境噪声水平凹槽加深。      

Operating the SDUV-FEL with the echo-enabled harmonic generation scheme

Using the recently proposed echo-enabled harmonic generation （EEHG） free-electron laser （FEL） scheme, it is shown that operating the Shanghai deep ultraviolet FEL （SDUV-FEL） with single-stage to higher harmonics is very promising, with higher frequency up-conversion effciency, higher harmonic selectivity and lower power requirement of the seed laser. The considerations on a proof-of-principle experiment and expected performance in SDUV-FEL are given.     

体全息光学元件布拉格偏移特性的研究及其应用

本文研究了体全息光学元件的布拉格(Bragg)偏移及补偿特性,得出了在某些调制度下,在偏移布拉格条件下仍可以得到较高的衍射效率的结论.文中也讨论了体全息光学元件布拉格偏移的容忍性并分别讨论了体全息元件布拉格偏移所允许的角度偏移和再现波波长偏移的性质,得出了在大调制度下体全息光学元件的布拉格偏移容忍性大的结论.同时指出实现体全息光学元件高衍射效率的变波长再现的途径,并给出相应的实验结果.     

Manifestation of higher polarization moments of the electronic shell of an atom in the collisional population transfer between the hyperfine-structure levels

The contributions of the relaxation of electronic polarization moments of various orders κ to the probabilities for the population transfer between the hyperfine-structure levels of an atom under the action of collisions are studied. It is shown that the contributions of higher electronic polarization moments with κ > 2 are comparable with the contributions of the orientation (κ=1) and the alignment (κ=2) or even exceed them in magnitude. This opens up the possibility of studying the collisional relaxation of higher polarization moments which are usually not observed and not involved in the emission and absorption of light under dipole transitions. The bounds for the allowable values of the rate constants for the collisional relaxation of higher polarization moments are obtained from the condition for nonnegativity of the total probabilities of population transfer between different hyperfine-structure levels under the action of collisions.     

Stability diagram of higher modes of the Fabry-Perot resonator

We have numerically calculated the stability diagram of the higher modes of the Fabry-Perot resonator by direct diagonalization of the Fox-Li equation. The diagram has an exotic behavior in the small Fresnel number region and its higher modes in our numerical experiments.     

斜轨法测量重力加速度影响因素的探讨

斜轨法是测量重力加速度的一种常用方法,但光电门挡光片的形状和宽度以及导轨的倾斜角度对测量结果有着直接的影响。本文从实验角度探讨上述几个因素对测量结果的影响并与当地重力加速度的标称值(广州9.788 m/s2)进行对比。测量结果表明:在导轨的垫片高度为2 cm时,使用条形挡光片的测量值均大于标称值;而U型挡光片宽度大于13 cm时测量值大于标称值,而小于13 cm时测量值则均小于标称值。在相同的导轨倾斜角下用U型挡光片时,两挡光片间距越大,测量值越大;而使用条形挡光片时,挡光片宽度越大,测量值就越小。     

Examination of the Degreasing of Metal Surfaces by the Use of a Plasma Torch

Metal surfaces can be degreased via a combustion reaction upon the metal surface by the use of a plasma torch jet. The required energy and the reaction rate of the combustion reaction are examined here. It turns out that the reaction rate can limit the cleaning performance. In such case, the cleaning performance is not improved at higher powers. It is suggested to increase the temperature at which combustion takes place such that the cleaning performance can improve again at higher powers. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

Improving the performance of polymer solar cells by adjusting the crystallinity and nanoscale phase separation

In this paper, we report a high-performance P3HT/PCBM bulk-heterojunction solar cell with a power conversion efficiency of 4.85% fabricated by adjusting the polymer crystallinity and nanoscale phase separation using an ultrasonic irradiation mixing approach for the polymer. The grazing incidence X-ray diffraction, UV/Vis spectroscopic, and atomic force microscopic measurement results for the P3HT/PCBM blend films reveal that the P3HT/PCBM film fabricated by ultrasonic irradiation mixing of the P3HT and PCBM solutions for 10 min has a higher degree of crystallinity, a higher absorption efficiency, and better phase separation, which together account for the higher charge transport properties and photovoltaic cell performance.