Numerical Simulation of Dendritic Crystal Growth

We consider the modified Stefan-Problem with Gibbs-Thomson correction, but vanishing kinetic undercooling. In this case the interface velocity is not given by mean curvature flow, but has to be computed explicitly from the temperature gradients at the interface. A finite element method on adaptive refined multigrids is presented here. Dirichlet conditions have to be satisfied along the solid-liquid interface that in general may intersect the elements. We use an implicit level-set representation of the interface that preserves it as a sharp surface, in contrast to the phase-field method. In numerical simulations we observe dendritic patterns that show good agreement with different features of physical experiments. (© 2006 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

高速运动裂纹扩展和分叉现象的近场动力学数值模拟

首先介绍了近场动力学的基本理论,然后以两个实例分析了高速运动裂纹的扩展及分叉现象.分析了近场动力学参数(邻域半径、相邻节点距)及外部参数(材料的弹性模量、密度、温度改变量)等对裂纹分叉的速度和角度的影响并进行了对比分析,数值结果表明:随着邻域半径的增大,裂纹传播速度逐渐减少而裂纹分叉角度逐渐增加;随着相邻节点间距的增加,裂纹的传播速度逐渐减少而裂纹分叉角度也逐渐减少;裂纹分叉长度偏向于弹性模量小和密度大的材料;裂纹传播速度随着弹性模量差值的增大而增大,随着密度差值的减小而增大,同时随着外界温度改变量的增大而减少.近场动力学能自发地模拟裂纹扩展和分叉,不需要借助任何外部准则,不需要预先设置裂纹扩展路径,因此它具有天然的优势.     

Direct FEM Simulation and Replacement Crack Approach for Mixed Mode Crack Growth in a Unit Cell

A whole class of continuum damage models uses microcracks as the main source of reduction of stiffness. For the growth of these cracks mostly only mode I is considered. We want to present a method to describe mixed mode crack growth inside a unit cell with a crack, without the need of a direct FEM simulation of crack growth per integration point. We replace the infinitesimal grown and kinked crack with the help of a replacement crack model. This replacement method is mainly based on the equivalence of the dissipation of the original kinking and the replacement crack. The resulting evolution of the stiffness of the unit cell is compared to a direct FEM simulation of mixed mode crack growth. The crack growth criterion used is the principle of maximum energy release rate, which has shown to be a direct consequence of a variational principle of a body with a crack [1]. (© 2005 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

PROCRACK-A Software Tool for Finite Element Simulation of Three-Dimensional Fatigue Crack Growth

The lifetime of structural components is limited by fatigue cracks. After initiation from an existing defect the crack grows subcritically until it reaches a critical size. At this point it becomes unstable and the structural component fails. PROCRACK is a powerful tool that enables the commercial finite element software Abaqus to calculate the crack propagation in pre-cracked components. The complete capability of Abaqus can be used to simulate nearly arbitrary geometries. Abaqus/CAE is used for the three-dimensional modeling of the initial crack at a geometrical level by means of points, lines and triangles. The numerical analysis is performed by Abaqus/Standard. PROCRACK automatically generates a tube-shaped submodel around the crack front to calculate the stress intensity factors with high accuracy. The Paris law or the NASGRO equation can be used to calculate the incremental crack growth. The shape of the crack and the finite element mesh are updated in every crack growth step. (© 2014 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

微下拉法YAG晶体生长数值模拟

对微下拉法生长YAG晶体进行包括感应加热在内的全局数值模拟,其耦合了感应加热、气体与熔体对流以及固液气三相的热输运,熔体对流同时考虑浮力与表面张力作用.为统一使用有限体积法离散控制方程,采用复函数法求解电磁场,与流函数法对比验证程序正确性.分析整个生长炉内的温度和流场(包括气体和熔体)分布,并针对固液交界面区域温度梯度较小的情况,改进后热器材料,为微下拉法晶体生长炉结构设计提供参考.     

多种环境外力作用下作物生长系统的动力学模型及过程数值模拟

依据生物力学的理论与方法,综合探讨了多种环境因子(光照、温度、土壤水分与养分等)外力作用下作物生长的动力学机制.采用连续马尔柯夫过程方法建立了作物生长系统的动力学模型及数值模拟方法,研究了生长速率对外力条件变化的反应与生物量饱和值的变化,并以半干旱区作物为例进行了数值模拟计算与分析,为大田管理提供了定量依据.该动力模型与其它植物生长模型相比,其优越性在于从宏观和微观相结合上反映了资源利用的多维性,揭示了资源转化过程.所建作物生长系统模拟方法,具有先进性和可操作性,实际模拟结果与大田观测结果能很好吻合.     

描述低周疲劳裂纹扩展速率的循环J积分新参量

探讨了低周疲劳加载条件下的应力增量．应变增量关系，提出了模拟裂纹疲劳扩展的二维模型以建立新的循环．积分参量，详细阐述了该积分参量的定义、主要特点、物理意义以及数值计算方法，并通过紧凑拉伸试样的疲劳试验检验该积分参量的有效性．结果表明：该积分参量能够较好描述恒幅低周疲劳裂纹的扩展速率．此外，基于积分参量体系，从能量的角度解释了疲劳迟滞现象．     

一种预测界面裂纹形成的新方法

本文提出了一种预测界面裂纹形成的新方法,称为“β=0法”.这是一种变换方法,通过调整有关材料弹性常数,把振荡应力场变换为非振荡应力场.界面韧性曲线将随调整后新的材料性质而改变.本文方法预测的临界荷载与界面断裂力学预测的临界荷载严格一致.最后通过几个实例说明了保持能量释放率不变的情况下,怎样实施β=0法.     

昆虫振翅飞行的数值模拟

在非惯性参考系下对昆虫振翅扰动的二维非定常流场进行了数值模拟,避免了计算中的移动边界困难,从而缩短了计算时间,模型具有3个自由度,可以模拟任意已知的翅的平面运动．通过模拟相对复杂的自然界昆虫的振翅运动,研究昆虫是如何控制飞行．计算结果表明,有2个参数可能被昆虫用来控制飞行:翅平动和转动间的相位差以及垂直于平均振翅平面方向的横向振幅．     

转子动力学的非线性数值求解

将Euler(欧拉)角表示引入转子动力学系统,用以描述转子的非线性旋转运动,并与时间有限元相结合,进而提出了包含非线性因素的转子动力学保辛数值求解方法.以此方法为基础,分析了悬臂梁-圆盘转子系统的涡动行为.数值结果证明该数值解法的有效性与正确性,可用于各种转子系统涡动行为分析.     

球Couette流的数值模拟

该文利用谱方法对同心旋转球间轴对称Couette流进行数值模拟.给出Navier Stokes方程的流函数涡度形式,利用Stokes流把边界条件齐次化, 选取Stokes算子的特征函数做为逼近子空间的基函数,对同心旋转球间轴对称Couette流进行谱逼近     

Numerical Simulation of Turbulent Swirling Flows

In this paper, turbulent swirling flow in circular pipe in the wake behind an axial fan is investigated by URANS and LES using two different CFD codes: SPARC, developed at Institute of Fluid Machinery, at Karlsruhe Institute of Technology and OpenFOAM. Results of simulations are compared with experimental results obtained with LDA measurement techniques in that flow field. (© 2013 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

金属材料疲劳裂纹扩展速率估计的分层模型

裂纹扩展速率与应力强度因子幅值的关系曲线,是金属构件损伤容限设计及寿命预测的重要疲劳性能数据．为了充分、合理地运用在不同测试条件下获得的试验数据,分层随机样本模型,将总体样本分为若干层,每一层样本都是在相同的测试条件下获得的试验数据,结合压力容器的实际工作状况,对每一层样本赋予适当的权重,从而对疲劳裂纹扩展速率方程做出更符合实际要求的估计．实际计算表明,对不同炉号试样提供的Q235A级钢材的裂纹扩展速率数据,运用分层随机样本模型得到的结果,明显地优于运用简单随机样本模型分别处理每个炉号试样提供的数据所得的结果．     

Numerical Simulation of the Two-Hydrodynamic Film Thickness

We investigate, from a numerical point of view, the coefficients identification problem, for the Elrod–Adams model of cavitation, in the frame of the hydrodynamic lubrication. We relax the control problem, and propose a relaxed augmented Lagrangian algorithm, with a given loop length. Some numerical results are given.     

Numerical Simulation of Injection Molding using OpenFOAM

We show how to use and extend OpenFOAM's incompressible two-phase flow solvers for the simulation of injection molding with short fiber reinforced thermoplastics in a laminar flow regime. Second order fiber orientation tensors are computed using the Folgar-Tucker equation (FTE) with quadratic closure. The FTE is coupled to the viscosity-term of the Navier-Stokes equations for the non-Newtonian flow in a segregated manner. Phase dependent boundary conditions are implemented to simulate wall heat transfer, stickiness of the melt to the wall and to prevent air-traps close to the wall. (© 2014 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

Numerical Simulation of Supersonic Axisymmetric Gas Jets

The oscillations of free supersonic jets are simulated using the axisymmetric Euler equation model. A third order accurate through difference scheme with artificial viscosity is used. Jet flows from a sonic nozzle with nozzle-to-ambient pressure ratio between 1.2 and 2 are investigated. The numerical results are compared with physical experiments.     

简单高阶奇异性的数值模拟

本文对高阶奇异性的分歧数值计算问题进行了研究，构造了计算简单高阶分歧点的扩充系统，并数值模拟了相应的实际问题。     

Numerical Simulation of Bubbles in Shear Flow

To gain a basic understanding of foam flow, as it can be found e.g. in transport of aerated food, simulation tools can help to provide better insight. Shearing of the bubbles appears in different flow geometries and is for a bubble assembly not captured analytically. Also experimentally, those flow fields are hard to observe so that simulations are the method of choice. Our method to simulate foams uses a volume of fluid approach that is based on the free surface algorithm by Körner et al. [1]. Different from classical multiphase methods, only the liquid phase is simulated and special boundary conditions at the liquid-gas interface account for the gas phase. With this approach high density ratios, e.g. in water-air systems, are easier to realize than in other methods. High density ratios are even necessary to physically justify the model, where the dynamics of the lighter phase are partially neglected. This method is integrated in the Lattice Boltzmann software framework waLBerla [3] (widely applicable Lattice Boltzmann solver from Erlangen†) that can be used on massively parallel computers and thus allows to simulate even large bubble assemblies. As first validation, single bubbles are sheared with different capillary numbers and the simulation results are compared to literature [2] and show good agreement. The next step is shearing a bubble assembly which is arranged like a dense sphere packing. In order to investigate the geometrical configuration of the assembly and its impact on the behavior during a shear deformation, the bubble assembly is rotated with different angles with respect to the shear direction. (© 2014 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)