三維黎曼空間中曲面的平均曲率及第二基本形式

<正> §1.T.Y.Thomas在三維歐氏空間的曲面論中將一般曲面的第二基本形式的係數用平均曲率及測度張量代數地表示出來.作者利用了高維歐氏空間超曲面的變形理論在高維歐氏空間的可變形超曲面上也得到同樣的結果,因此得知:對於歐氏空間的可變形超曲面一般地可以由測度張量及平均曲率完全予以確定.在該文的證明中曾經推廣T.Y.Thomas的結果到三維常曲率空間的曲面論.本文的目的是關     

Generalized Vector Quasi-Variational Inequality Problems Over Product Sets

In this paper we consider vector quasi-variational inequality problems over product sets (in short, VQVIP). Moreover we study generalizations of this model, namely problems of a system of vector quasi-variational inequalities (in short, SVQVIP), generalized vector quasi-variational inequality problems over product sets (in short, GVQVIP) and problems of a system of generalized vector quasi-variational inequalities (in short, SGVQVIP). We show that every solution of (VQVIP) (respectively, (GVQVIP)) is a solution of (SVQVIP) (respectively, (SGVQVIP)). By defining relatively pseudomonotone and relatively maximal pseudomonotone maps and by employing a known fixed point theorem, we establish the existence of a solution of (VQVIP) and (SVQVIP). These existence results are then used to derive the existence of a solution of (GVQVIP) and (SGVQVIP), respectively, The results of this paper extend recent results in the literature. They are obtained in a more general setting.     

二阶线性矩阵微分系统的振动性

讨论了二阶线性矩阵微分系统(P(t)Y′(t))′+Q(t)Y(t)=0,t≥t0,其中P(t),Q(t) 和Y(t)是n×n实连续矩阵函数, P(t)和Q(t)是对称的且P(t)>0是正定矩阵．利用推广的Riccati变换,采用两种不同的方法,得到了该系统振动的若干判据．所得结果推广和改进了已知的相应结果．     

Levinson定理证明的一些简化

<正> (一)1974年,Levinson N.证明了他的关于Riemann ζ-函数在直线σ=1/2上的零点个数的著名定理:对充分大的T有     

Two advanced methods for adjusting the main coefficient in logistic regression

A binary disease outcome is commonly modeled with continuous covariates (e.g., biochemical concentration) in medical research, and the corresponding exploration may employ a normal discrimination approach. The covariate relationship affects the estimated association between binary outcome and the interesting covariate. The method of value deviated from a fitted value (fractional polynomial), which is abbreviated as VDFV, may reduce the estimation bias especially when the relationship between the covariates is nonlinear. However, when the extraneous variable relates to the outcome, the pooled data (cases and controls) are replaced by the control data only for the purpose of fitting values. Based on two association patterns, the extraneous variable unrelated to the outcome (I) and that related to the outcome (II), the simulation study reveals that VDFV-p (using pooled data) is reliable, with less bias and a smaller mean square error (MSE) in pattern (I) and that VDFV-c (using control data) shows less bias in pattern (II). The conventional covariate adjustment performs worse in (I) but fairly well in (II). Note that a huge MSE is never observed in VDFV-p or VDFV-c, while this is a common issue related to small sample size or sparse data in logistic regression. Two fetal studies are illustrated—one for pattern (I) and one for pattern (II).     

黎曼流形上的法坐標

<正> 1952年P.Hartman和A.Wintner建立了下述定理:設連續函數E(u,ν),F(u,ν),G(u,ν)在點(0,0)的鄰域內满足條件     

The Initial-Boundary-Value Problems for the Hirota Equation on the Half-Line

An initial boundary-value problem for the Hirota equation on the half-line,00, is analysed by expressing the solution q(x, t) in terms of the solution of a matrix Riemann-Hilbert(RH) problem in the complex k-plane. This RH problem has explicit(x, t) dependence and it involves certain functions of k referred to as the spectral functions. Some of these functions are defined in terms of the initial condition q(x,0) = q₀(x), while the remaining spectral functions are defi...     

线性可移算子与可调和的随机过程

<正> §1.引言T.Onoyama 利用了 Weyl-Stone-Titchmarsh 的特征函数(Eigenfunction)展开公式,对具有二阶矩的实的连续机过程(本文中所用的极限,系指在均方意义下的极限)求得了下列隨机函数方程     

Comments on “A note on “A novel approach to multi attribute group decision making based on trapezoidal interval type-2 fuzzy soft sets””

In a recently published paper “A note on “A novel approach to multi attribute group decision making based on trapezoidal interval type-2 fuzzy soft sets””, Khalil and Hassan pointed out that assertions (3) and (4) of Theorem 3.2 in our previous paper “A novel approach to multi attribute group decision making based on trapezoidal interval type-2 fuzzy soft sets” are not true [2]. Furthermore, they introduced the notions of a generalized trapezoidal interval type-2 fuzzy soft subset and a generalized trapezoidal interval type-2 fuzzy soft equal and used these two notions to correct the flaw in assertions (3) and (4) of Theorem 3.2 in our previous paper. In this paper, we show by a counterexample that Khalil and Hassan's correction is incorrect and provide the modified versions of assertions (3) and (4) of Theorem 3.2, along with a strict proof. In addition, Khalil and Hassan pointed out by a counterexample that assertions (3)–(6) of Theorem 3.5 in our paper are not true and proposed the corrections of those assertions. In this paper, we show that Khalil and Hassan's counterexample and corrections are incorrect and provide a new example to verify the inaccuracies of assertions (3) and (5) of Theorem 3.5 in our paper. Moreover, we offer the modified versions of assertions (3) and (5) of Theorem 3.5 and prove them. Finally, Khalil and Hassan's statement that assertions (4) and (6) of Theorem 3.5 in our previous paper are not true is proven to be incorrect, i.e. assertions (4) and (6) of Theorem 3.5 in our previous paper are true.     

Maximum Principle of Semi-Linear Distributed System (I)

In this paper, an optimal control problem of non-linear Volterra systems $x(\cdot)=h(t)+\int_0^t G(t,s)f(s,x(s),u(s))ds$ on Banach space X with a general cost functional $Q(u(\cdot)) = \int_0^T J(s,x(s,u(\cdot)),u(s))ds$ is discussed, where $G(t,s)\in \varphi(X)$ is strongly continuous in (t, s), h(\cdot)\in C([0,T],G),f(s,x,u):[0,T]*X*U \rightarrow X and J (s, x, u) : [0, T] *X*U \rightarrow R. The control region U is an arbitrary set in a Banach space. Under some other assumptions of f and J, we have proved the following Theorem. The optimal control u^*(\cdot) of the above problem satisfies max $H(t,u)=H(t,u^*(t))$ for a.e.t\in [0,T], Where $H(t,u)=-J(t,x^*(t),u)+(\phi(t),f(t,x^*(t),u))$, $\phi(t)=\int_t^T J_x(s,x^*(s),u^*(s))U(s,t)ds$ and $x^*(t)=x(t,u^*(\cdot)),U(s,t)\in \phi(X)$ is the solution of $U(s,t)=G(s,t)+\int _t^s G(s,w)f_x(w,x^*(w),u^*(w))U(w,t)dw$. We have applied the results to semi-linear distributed systems.     

Predicting dispersion in porous media

We present a fundamental theory of solute dispersion in porous using (i) critical path analysis and cluster statistics of percolation theory far from the percolation threshold and (ii) the tortuosity and structure of large clusters near the percolation threshold. We use the simplest possible model of porous media, with a single length scale of heterogeneity in which the statistics of local conductances are uncorrelated. This combination of percolation‐based techniques allows comprehensive investigation and predictions concerning the process of dispersion. Our predictions, which ignore molecular diffusion and make minimal use of unknown parameters, account for results obtained in a comprehensive set of nearly 1100 experiments performed on systems ranging in size from centimeters to 100 km. The success of our simple treatment overturns many existing notions about transport in porous media, such as (1) multiscale heterogeneity must be accounted for in predictions (single scale is sufficient), (2) geologic correlations are of great importance (the randomness of percolation theory is more appropriate for prediction than the most complicated models in other frameworks), (3) geologic complexity is more important than statistical physics (exactly the reverse), (4) knowledge of the subsurface is more important than knowledge of the initial conditions of the plume (the latter is critical, the former may be virtually irrelevant), (5) diffusion is dominant over advection (diffusion appears seldom to be relevant at all), (6) fracture networks are fundamentally different, and more complex, than porous media (the two are mostly equivalent), (7) the fractal structure of the medium is relevant to power‐law behavior of the dispersion (in fact, at short times it is the heterogeneity of the medium, while at long times it is the fractal structure of the critical paths), and (8) there is a relation between an increase in dispersion with scale and a similar increase in the hydraulic conductivity (in fact the present model is consistent with both a diminishing hydraulic conductivity and a diminishing solute velocity with increasing spatial scale). © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Complexity, 16,43–55, 2010     

ON THE DISTRIBUTION OF VALUES OF RANDOM DIRICHLET SERIES(II)

For certain Dirichlet series almost surely(a.s.)of order(R) ρ∈(0,∞)in the right-halfplane,a.s.every point of the imaginary axis is a Borel point of order ρ+1 and with no finiteexoeptional value.     

Trivial and simple spectrum for SL(d, ℝ) cocycles with free base and fiber dynamics

Let AC_D(M,SL(d,R)) denote the pairs (f,A) so that f ∈ A ⊂ Diff¹(M) is a C¹-Anosov transitive diffeomorphisms and A is an SL(d,R) cocycle dominated with respect to f. We prove that open and densely in AC_D(M,SL(d,R)), in appropriate topologies, the pair (f,A) has simple spectrum with respect to the unique maximal entropy measure μ_f. Then, we prove prevalence of trivial spectrum near the dynamical cocycle of an area-preserving map and also for generic cocycles in AutLeb(M) × L^p(M,SL(d,R)).     

常微分方程的比较定理及其应用

<正> 本文§1讨论由驻定二阶系统(1.1)确定非驻定二阶系统(1.2)解的各种性态的比较定理.由于对(1.2)的定性研究,不能使用象Poincare-Bendixson理论那样的有力工具,显得办法很少,这种比较定理的意义之一在于,通过它可以将更多的工具间接用于(1.2).文[1]首先给出了许多这种比较定理,伹尚未得到使用,而且存在错误,本节将予纠正然     

分式化时模理论的一些稳定性性质的保持性

本文讨论了将分式环S－1R上的模归约到R上的模时包（hull）、类（class）、界（bound）、秩（rank）的保持性,证明了：1）NR是A在MR中的包当且仅当NS－1R是A在MS－1R中的包;2）还讨论了分式模（S－1M）S－1R与MR之间上述性质存在单向或双向保持性的条件．     

實向量所成的有序環

<正> 引言 本文討論G.Birkhoff在“格論”第二版中所提出的一個未解决的問題(見参考文獻[1]229頁問題103).這個問題是: 合G為所有賓2維向量(a,b)所成的集合.在向量加法之下,G形成一交換羣.若在G中如下定義順序關係“≧”     

一类奇异半线性热方程初值问题解 的唯一性结果

设ｕ（ｔ,ｘ）,ｕ（ｔ,ｘ）为初值问题在带形域ＳＴ＝（０,Ｔ）×Ｒｎ内的两个非负经曲解,ｆ（ｘ）连续有界非负的实函数,则有如下的结果：（１）若ｆ（ｘ）不恒为零,则在ＳＴ中ｕ（ｔ,ｘ）;（２）若γ＞１,则在ＳＴ中ｕ（ｔ,ｘ）ｕ（ｔ,ｘ）;（３）若０＞γ＞１,ｆ（ｘ）０,则问题（１．１）,（１．２）的解不唯一且它的所有非平凡解的集合为ｕ（ｔ,ｓ）＝这里ｓ≥０是参数,其中记号（γ）＋＝ｍａｘ｛γ,０｝．     

Vertex packings: Structural properties and algorithms

We consider a binary integer programming formulation (VP) for the weighted vertex packing problem in a simple graph. A sufficient “local” optimality condition for (VP) is given and this result is used to derive relations between (VP) and the linear program (VLP) obtained by deleting the integrality restrictions in (VP). Our most striking result is that those variables which assume binary values in an optimum (VLP) solution retain the same values in an optimum (VP) solution. This result is of interest because variables are (0, 1/2, 1). valued in basic feasible solutions to (VLP) and (VLP) can be solved by a “good” algorithm. This relationship and other optimality conditions are incorporated into an implicit enumeration algorithm for solving (VP). Some computational experience is reported.