Optical parametric oscillator based off-axis integrated cavity output spectroscopy for rapid chemical sensing

An optical parametric oscillator (OPO), pumped by a fiber-amplified diode laser, is combined with off-axis integrated cavity output spectroscopy (OA-ICOS). The cw OPO (power 1.2 W, tunability 3-4 μm, 5 cm(-1) mode-hop-free tuning) has a tuning speed of 100 THz/s, which is ideal for rapid and sensitive trace gas detection. Combined with OA-ICOS, a detection limit of 50 parts per trillion by volume (1×10(12)) of ethane (C(2)H(6)) in nitrogen was obtained in 0.25s at 2997 cm(-1), corresponding to a noise equivalent absorption sensitivity of 4.8×10(-11) cm(-1) Hz(-1/2). The system demonstrates real-time measurements of methane and water in exhaled human breath.     

CO and CO2 spectroscopy using a 60 nm broadband tunable MEMS-VCSEL at approximately 1.55 microm

The spectroscopic application of a new broadband microelectromechanical-system-tunable vertical cavity surface-emitting laser with single-mode coverage of 60 nm (245 cm(-1)) in a single, continuous sweep is described. The operation of the device is illustrated with high-resolution spectra of CO and CO2 over 110 cm(-1) (27 nm) and 67 cm(-1) (17 nm), respectively, with the CO band shown for high-pressure scans between 1 and 3 bars (0.1-0.3 MPa). The achieved tuning range opens up new opportunities for tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy. The spectra were compared with HITRAN-derived model calculations. The benefits of a sensor based on this laser are greater speed, laser power, and tuning range.     

Application of a widely electrically tunable diode laser to chemical gas sensing with quartz-enhanced photoacoustic spectroscopy

A near-infrared diode laser with sample-grating distributed Bragg reflectors was used as a widely tunable spectroscopic source for multispecies chemical sensing. Quartz-enhanced photoacoustic spectroscopy was utilized to obtain high absorption sensitivity in a compact gas cell. CO2, H2O C2H2, and NH3 were monitored. A noise equivalent sensitivity of 8 x 10(-9) cm(-1) W(-1) Hz(-1/2)for NH3 detection was achieved, which corresponds to a NH3 mixing ratio of 4.4 parts in 10(6) by volume (ppmv) with a 1-s time constant and available 5.2-mW optical power in the gas cell.     

核磁共振氢谱方法对红外光谱碳氟键伸缩振动变化的研究

采用傅里叶转换红外光谱方法测定了三种1,2-二-[β-(α-甲基-α'对位取代基苯基)噻吩]六氟环戊烯化合物Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ的红外光谱.在确认主要红外吸收峰归属并对图谱进行解析的基础上观测到环戊烯环上的碳氟键吸收频率依化合物Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ次序逐一相应增高,发生规律性变化.化合物Ⅰ:vas C-F=1 332.21cm-1,vs C-F=1 231.91 cm-1,δ C-F=1 159.99 cm-1;化合物Ⅱ:vas C-F=1 338.18 cm1,vs C-F=1 254.31cm-1,δ C-F=1 179.22 cm-1;化合物Ⅲ:vas C-F=1 360.99 cm-1,vs C-F=1 263.29 cm-1,δ C-F=1 194.00cm-1.对此不仅从红外光谱吸收原理进行了定性讨论,而且采用核磁共振谱测定化合物氢谱的方法给出了定量描述:化合物Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ的H-1,H-2化学位移δ值,均为Ⅰ＞Ⅱ＞Ⅲ,反映出取代基引起苯环质子周围的电子云密度增加.因此可确认红外吸收的诱导效应与共轭效应共同作用是导致化合物环戊烯环上的碳氟键伸缩振动频率发生规律性变化的原因.这说明核磁共振氢谱是红外光谱解析的有力工具.     

Electrodeposition of diamond-like amorphous carbon films on aluminum from acetonitrile

Diamond-like carbon (DLC) films were electrodeposited on aluminum from acetonitrile with a pulse-modulated power at room temperature. The films were grey with 1 7m in thickness. The resistivity of the films was of the order of 10⁷ Q cm The films were characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Raman spectroscopy. XPS shows that the main composition of the films is carbon. Raman spectra indicate that typical DLC films were formed when high potential (>800 V) was applied.     

高灵敏的连续激光光腔衰荡光谱仪及其应用

基于连续可调谐的钛宝石激光光源,建立了光腔衰荡光谱(CRDS)装置,实验表明,其不但具有10-4cm-1的光谱分辨率,测靖灵敏度也好于10-10·cm-1.通过对C2H2气体在12 696.4 cm-1附近的吸收光谱测量,验证了该装置的定量测量能力,并通过对混有痕量C2H2气体的氮气样品的光谱测量,表明该装置对C2H2...     

NaCl-CaCl_2盐水低温拉曼光谱特征及在包裹体分析中的应用

准确判断流体包裹体的含盐类型及盐度的定量计算一直是流体包裹体研究的重要内容。传统测试包裹体盐度的方法主要是冷冻法,为了克服冷冻相变不易观测等缺点,作者利用激光拉曼光谱在低温(-180℃)下测试了NaCl-H2O,CaCl2-H2O及NaCl-CaCl2-H2O体系溶液图谱,发现在低温(-180℃)下NaCl.2H2O和CaCl2.6H2O两水合物在3 420和3 432 cm-1处峰值与冰晶的3 092 cm-1峰值比和盐度之间有很好的线性关系,建立了流体包裹体盐度的工作曲线。该方法用人工合成碳酸盐岩含烃盐水包裹体进行了验证,并在东营凹陷丰深6井石英盐水包裹体进行了实例分析。结果表明,低温拉曼光谱技术不仅可识别盐的类型,也可确定盐度,应用效果良好。     

胆囊癌的傅里叶变换红外光谱研究

运用衰减全反射(attenuated total reflection,ATR)探头与傅里叶变换红外(Fourier transform infra-red,FTIR)光谱仪,测定并分析了新鲜离体的胆囊癌组织18例和良性组织139例的FTIR光谱。结果表明:(1)胆囊癌的1 167和1 123 cm-1谱带的峰位显著地向低波数移动(P0.05),而1 309 cm-1谱带的峰位显著地向高波数移动(P0.05)。(2)胆囊癌组织光谱多个峰的相对强度I2 856/I1 461,I1 167/I1 461,I1 123/I1 461和I1 082/I1 461明显升高(P0.05)。(3)1 167和1 082 cm-1谱带的半高宽显著升高(P0.05),谱带1 461 cm-1的半高宽则显著降低(P0.05)。(4)癌组织1 750 cm-1谱带的出现几率明显增加(P0.05)。与胆囊良性组织相比较,癌组织光谱中与脂类、糖和核酸相关的谱带均发生了明显的变化。     

High-frequency and -field EPR and FDMRS study of the [Fe(H2O)6]2+ ion in ferrous fluorosilicate

The complex [Fe(H2O)6]SiF6 is one of the most stable and best characterized high-spin Fe(II) salts and as such, is a paradigm for the study of this important transition metal ion. We describe high-frequency and -field electron paramagnetic resonance studies of both pure [Fe(H2O)6]SiF6 and [Zn(H2O)6]SiF6 doped with 8% of Fe(II). In addition, frequency domain magnetic resonance spectroscopy was applied to these samples. High signal-to-noise, high resolution spectra were recorded which allowed an accurate determination of spin Hamiltonian parameters for Fe(II) in each of these two, related, environments. For pure [Fe(H2O)6]SiF6, the following parameters were obtained: D=+11.95(1) cm(-1), E=0.658(4) cm(-1), g=[2.099(4),2.151(5),1.997(3)], along with fourth-order zero-field splitting parameters: B4(0)=17(1)×10(-4) cm(-1) and B4(4)=18(4)×10(-4) cm(-1), which are rarely obtainable by any technique. For the doped complex, D=+13.42(1) cm(-1), E=0.05(1) cm(-1), g=[2.25(1),2.22(1),2.23(1)]. These parameters are in good agreement with those obtained using other techniques. Ligand-field theory was used to analyze the electronic absorption data for [Fe(H2O)6]SiF6 and suggests that the ground state is 5A1, which allows successful use of a spin Hamiltonian model. Density functional theory and unrestricted Hartree-Fock calculations were performed which, in the case of latter, reproduced the spin Hamiltonian parameters very well for the doped complex.     

A non-selenization technology by co-sputtering deposition for solar cell applications

This work presents a novel method to form polycrystalline Cu(In(1-x)Ga(x))Se(2) (CIGS) thin film by co-sputtering of In─Se and Cu─Ga alloy targets without an additional selenization process. An attempt was also made to thoroughly elucidate the surface morphology, crystalline phases, physical properties, and chemical properties of the CIGS films by using material analysis methods. Experimental results indicate that CIGS thin films featured densely packed grains and chalcopyrite phase peaks of (112), (220), (204), (312), and (116). Raman spectroscopy analysis revealed chalcopyrite CIGS phase with Raman shift at 175 cm(-1), while no signal at 258 cm(-1) indicated the exclusion of Cu(2-x)Se phase. Hall effect measurements confirmed the polycrystalline Cu(In,Ga)Se₂ thin film to be of p type semiconductor with a film resistivity and mobility of 2.19×10(2) Ω cm and 88 cm(2)/V s, respectively.     

七种不同产地仙鹤草原药材及提取物的红外光谱与二维相关红外光谱的分析与鉴定

采用红外光谱、二阶导数红外光谱以及二维相关红外光谱,对七种不同产地的仙鹤草原药材及其总鞣酸提取物进行了鉴别分析。仙鹤草原药材的红外光谱中出现了1 151,1 101,1 032 cm-1的淀粉特征峰,同时还出现了1 618,1 318,780 cm-1的草酸钙特征峰,说明在原药材粉末中同时有淀粉和草酸钙存在。原药材丙酮提取物中所含淀粉等基本成分大为减少,而总鞣酸等有效成分的相对含量增加,因此不同产地仙鹤草丙酮提取物的红外光谱中均出现1 711与1 447 cm-1的鞣酸特征峰。应用红外光谱、二阶导数红外光谱以及二维相关红外光谱技术,不仅可以提供仙鹤草主要化学成分的相关信息,还可以对不同产地的仙鹤草药材进行很好的区分。因此红外光谱法是考察中药资源的一种快速、准确、有效的方法。     

基于LED的非相干宽带腔增强吸收光谱技术

介绍了基于可见光波段高功率LED作为光源的高灵敏度宽带腔增强吸收光谱技术,该系统的探测灵敏度通过测量NO₂在472.3～479.3 nm范围内的吸收得到验证。将中心波长为457 nm的高功率LED发出的宽带非相干光耦合进入92.5 cm长、由两片高反射率透镜组成的高精度光学谐振腔内,使用CCD光谱仪(HR2000)测量透过光学腔的光强信号。腔镜在472.3～479.3 nm波长范围内的反射率通过O₂-O₂聚合物的吸收确定,实验测量了一系列低浓度NO₂气体样品,采用差分光谱拟合技术在80 s的平均时间内NO₂浓度反演的统计不确定性约为3.1 ppb(ng·mL-1)。     

CO2的腔增强吸收与高灵敏吸收光谱研究

腔增强吸收光谱(CEAS)是在衰荡吸收光谱的基础上发展起来的一种新型的直接吸收光谱技术.文章报道了用中心输出波长为1.573μm的窄线宽连续可调谐半导体激光器(DFB封装)作光源,用两块高反射率平凹透镜(在1.573μm附近,凹面反射率R～99.4%,曲率半径r～1 m)组成对称共焦腔作吸收池的腔增强吸收光谱系统.采用扫描腔长的方法改变谐振腔的模式,当激光器的输出频率与谐振腔的某一腔模之间满足共振匹配关系时,激光被耦合到谐振腔内,用探测器接收透过谐振腔的光信号,同时用波长计精确测量激光器的输出波长.在33.5 cm长的吸收池内测量了吸收强度为1.816×10-23cm-1·(molecule·cm-2)-1的二氧化碳分子的弱吸收谱线,探测灵敏度达到了6.78×10-7 cm-1.实验结果表明,腔增强吸收光谱具有灵敏度高,装置简单,易于操作等优点.     

High-speed photorefraction at telecommunication wavelength 1.55 microm in Sn2P2S6:Te

We demonstrated for what is the first time to our knowledge photorefractive two-wave mixing in a bulk ferroelectric crystal using cw light at the telecommunication wavelength 1.55 microm. In the Te-doped ferroelectric semiconductor Sn2P2S6 with absorption constant <0.1 cm(-1) at 1.55 microm, grating recording times of 10 ms and a two-beam coupling gain of 2.8 cm(-1) have been measured at 350 mW power (intensity 440 W/cm(2)) without a necessity to apply an external electric field. With a moving grating technique, a maximal gain of 6.0 cm(-1) has been obtained.     

Portable difference-frequency laser-based cavity leak-out spectrometer for trace-gas analysis

We report a portable mid-infrared spectrometer for trace-gas analysis which is based on an all-solid-state difference-frequency-generation laser. The spectrometer provides in situ absorption path lengths of more than 3 km by means of the cavity leak-out method, a cw variant of the cavity ring-down technique. The design, performance, and application of this spectrometer are presented. The light source utilizes difference-frequency generation in a periodically poled lithium niobate (PPLN) crystal pumped by two single-frequency solid-state lasers. A maximum power of 27 μW in the wavelength region near 3.3 μm is achieved using a pump power of 20 mW at 808 nm, a signal power of 660 mW at 1064 nm, and a 50-mm-long PPLN crystal. This corresponds to a conversion efficiency of 0.42 mW/(W² cm). We demonstrate that this portable laser system is suitable as a light source in a cavity leak-out spectrometer. We achieved a minimum detectable absorption coefficient of 1×10^-8/cm (integration time: 2 s), corresponding, for example, to a detection limit of 1 part per billion ethane. This compact trace-gas analyzer with high sensitivity and specificity is promising for various environmental and medical applications. Received: 8 April 2002 / Revised version: 28 May 2002 / Published online: 21 August 2002 RID="*" ID="*"Corresponding author. Fax: +49-211/811-3121, E-mail: muertz@uni-duesseldorf.de     

Ultrafast quenching of ferromagnetism in InMnAs induced by intense laser irradiation

Time-resolved magneto-optical Kerr spectroscopy of ferromagnetic InMnAs reveals two distinct demagnetization processes--fast (<1 ps) and slow (approximately 100 ps). Both components diminish with increasing temperature and are absent above the Curie temperature. The fast component rapidly grows with pump power and saturates at high fluences (>10 mJ/cm(2)); the saturation value indicates a complete quenching of ferromagnetism on a subpicosecond time scale. We attribute this fast dynamics to spin heating through p-d exchange interaction between photocarriers and Mn ions, while the approximately 100 ps component is interpreted as spin-lattice relaxation.     

Ultrafast continuum mid-infrared spectroscopy: probing the entire vibrational spectrum in a single laser shot with femtosecond time resolution

Until now, ultrafast IR spectroscopy has been limited by the bandwidth of optical parametric amplifiers, typically 100-400 cm(-1). Here we present the first example of transient IR spectroscopy using a continuum laser source to probe the entire mid-IR region with ultrafast time resolution. The continuum source is based on focusing the fundamental, second harmonic, and third harmonic of 1 mJ, 25 fs, 800 nm pulses in air, generating ～150 fs continuum mid-IR pulses that span the frequency range of <400 to >5000 cm(-1) or, conversely, <2 to >25 μm. We characterize the spectral and temporal properties of dicarbonylacetonato rhodium(I) in hexane. We further demonstrate the versatility of the method by measuring the very fast and broad (>1500 cm(-1)) spectral changes following IR excitation associated with the 7-azaindole-acetic acid heterodimer in carbon tetrachloride.     

Line Positions and Intensities in the 2nu(2)/nu(4) Vibrational System of (14)NH(3) near 5-7 µm

Line positions and intensities belonging to the vibrational system 2nu(2)/nu(4) of ammonia (14)NH(3) are measured and analyzed between 1200 and 2200 cm(-1) in order to improve the molecular database. For this, laboratory spectra are obtained at 0.006 and 0.011 cm(-1) unapodized resolution and with 4% precisions for the intensities using Fourier transform spectrometers located at the Kitt Peak National Observatory and the Jet Propulsion Laboratory. The observed data contain transitions of the nu(4) fundamental band near 1626.276(1) and 1627.375(2) cm(-1) (for s and a inversion upper states, respectively) and the 2nu(2) overtone band near 1597.470(3) and 1882.179(5) cm(-1) (for s and a inversion states, respectively). A total of 2345 lines with J' 相似文献   

Dynamics of long-wavelength fluctuations in a fluid layer heated from above

We report an experimental study of the dynamics of thermal fluctuations in a 4.86 mm thick layer of CS2 heated from above. Stabilizing gradients ranged from 10.3 to 61.7 K/cm. Power spectral measurements were made over the wave vector range 9 cm(-1)相似文献   

基于傅里叶变换红外光谱和聚类分析的真菌鉴别

傅里叶变换衰减全反射红外光谱法(FTIR-ATR)应用于微生物的快速鉴定及分类是近几年发展起来的一门新型技术。该文应用FTIR-ATR光谱法与聚类分析方法相结合对重要的植物病原真菌进行鉴别。在PDA玻璃纸平板上培养了来自14个属的17株真菌,用FTIR-ATR光谱法测其红外光谱,获得了分辨率高、重现性好的真菌红外谱图,分析主要吸收峰的归属,确定了1800～1485,1485～1185与1185～900cm-1三个分析灵敏区,并在此基础上进行了系统聚类分析,使所有测试菌株都得到正确归类。结果表明,傅里叶变换红外光谱技术具有快速、准确、易操作等优点,将成为微生物研究领域的一个重要工具。