Observation of dipole-mode vector solitons

We report on the first experimental observation of a novel type of optical vector soliton, a dipole-mode soliton, recently predicted theoretically. We show that these vector solitons can be generated in a photorefractive medium employing two different processes: a phase imprinting, and a symmetry-breaking instability of a vortex-mode vector soliton. The experimental results display remarkable agreement with the theory, and confirm the robust nature of these radially asymmetric two-component solitary waves.     

Counterpropagating spatial Kerr soliton in reflection gratings

We analytically predict the existence of both spatial bright and dark counterpropagating solitons in a reflection grating in the presence of the Kerr nonlinearity. The basic trapping mechanism consists of a twofold balance where diffraction is compensated by self-focusing and reflection is altered by the nonlinear-induced interferometric grating. We find that, whenever the spectral soliton profile lies within the grating stop band, bright and dark solitons exist only if the mutual phase of the counterpropagating solitons is pi or 0, respectively.     

Multicomponent dipole-mode spatial solitons

We study (2+1) -dimensional multicomponent spatial vector solitons with a nontrivial topological structure of their constituents and demonstrate that these solitary waves exhibit a symmetry-breaking instability, provided their total topological charge is nonzero. We describe a novel type of stable multicomponent dipole-mode solitons with intriguing swinging dynamics.     

Spectral-furcated vector soliton in birefringence-managed fiber lasers

We demonstrate spectral-furcated vector solitons in normal-dispersion fiber lasers comprising a section of polarizationmaintaining fiber. The spectrum of each orthogonal-polarized component is confined by the birefringence-related phasematching principle, and the bicorn spectral structure corresponds to the zero-order sidebands of two vector modes. Due to the Hopf bifurcation effect, the vector soliton evolves into a breathing state at the higher pump level, accompanied by an extra set of sub-si...     

Incoherently coupled vector dipole soliton pairs in nonlocal media

We investigate the incoherently and strongly coupled Manakov vector dipole soliton pairs in nonlocal nonlinear media. We use variational approach, to describe analytical properties of these solutions in a strongly nonlocal regime. We show that the presence of fundamental component improve stability of the dipole nonlocal soliton. In the limit of highly nonlocal nonlinearity, the evolution behaviors of the vector solitons is determined by their total power.     

All-fiber polarization locked vector soliton laser using carbon nanotubes

We report an all-fiber mode-locked erbium-doped fiber laser (EDFL) employing carbon nanotube (CNT) polymer composite film. By using only standard telecom grade components, without any complex polarization control elements in the laser cavity, we have demonstrated polarization locked vector solitons generation with duration of ~583 fs, average power of ~3 mW (pulse energy of 118 pJ) at the repetition rate of ~25.7 MHz.     

Counterpropagating optical beams and solitons

Physics of counterpropagating optical beams and spatial optical solitons is reviewed, including the formation of stationary states and spatiotemporal instabilities. First, several models describing the evolution and interactions between optical beams and spatial solitons are discussed, that propagate in opposite directions in nonlinear media. It is shown that coherent collisions between counterpropagating beams give rise to an interesting focusing mechanism resulting from the interference between the beams, and that interactions between such beams are insensitive to the relative phase between them. Second, recent experimental observations of the counterpropagation effects and instabilities in waveguides and bulk geometries, as well as in one‐ and two‐dimensional photonic lattices are discussed. A variety of different generalizations of this concept are summarized, including the counterpropagating beams of complex structures, such as multipole beams and optical vortices, as well as the beams in different media, such as photorefractive materials and liquid crystals.     

Niobium telluride absorber for a mode-locked vector soliton fiber laser

Niobium telluride(NbTe₂),an emerging transition metal dichalcogenide material,has been theoretically predicted to have nonlinear absorption properties and excellent optical response.However,only a few studies of the utilization of NbTe₂ in ultrafast photonics have been reported.In this work,a NbTe₂-based saturable absorber(SA) was applied in an erbium-doped fiber as a mode-locked device,and a vector soliton based on NbTe₂ was obtained for the first tim...     

Counterpropagating Four-Wave Mixing in Ghost Imaging

Journal of Experimental and Theoretical Physics - The advantages of counterpropagating four-wave mixing in ghost imaging compared to three-wave parametric scattering in terms of an increase in the...     

Observation of temporal vector soliton propagation and collision in birefringent fiber

We report the experimental observation of temporal vector soliton propagation and collision in a linearly birefringent optical fiber. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is both the first demonstration of temporal vector solitons with two mutually incoherent component fields, and of vector soliton collisions in a Kerr nonlinear medium. Collisions are characterized by an intensity redistribution between the two components, and the experimental results agree with numerical predictions of the coupled nonlinear Schr?dinger equation.     

Effects of high-order dispersions on dark-bright vector soliton propagation and interaction

The dynamics of dark-bright vector solitons is investigated in a birefringent fiber with the high-order dispersions,and their effects on vector soliton propagation and interaction are analyzed using the numerical method.The combined role of the high-order dispersions,such as the third-order dispersion (TOD) and the fourth-order dispersion (FOD),may cause various deformation of the vector soliton and enhance interaction.These effects depend strictly on the sign of the high-order dispersions.Results indicate that the disadvantageous effects can be reduced effectively via proper mapping of the high-order dispersions.     

Electron in the Field of Counterpropagating Electromagnetic Pulses

JETP Letters - An exact solution is obtained for the problem of the action of counterpropagating plane-wave electromagnetic pulses on a classical charged particle and on a particle with spin for...     

Pion-nucleon vertex form factor in a chiral soliton model with vector mesons

We investigate the pion-nucleon vertex from factor in an extended Skyrme soliton model with explicit inclusion of ϱ and ω mesons. We find a pion-nucleon coupling constant quite close to the empirical value and a cutoff mass ⋮ ⋍ 0.9 MeV in a monopole approximation to the πNN form factor at low q². This value of ⋮ is considerably larger than the prediction of the original Skyrme model (⋮⋍0.6 GeV). We also investigate the ϱ-meson-nucleon form factor and present results for the NN isovector tensor potential in comparison with empirical data.     

Propagation of coupled dipole-mode beams in nonlocal thermal media

The mutual trapping of two dipole-mode beams is investigated numerically in nonlocal thermal media. Results show that the incoherent attraction of perpendicularly aligned dipole-mode beams can enhance the stability of their composite structure. When the powers of the dipole components are identical, the larger the power, the shorter the stable distance. While when the powers are different, the closer the powers, and the longer the stable distance. Furthermore numerical results proved that the coupled solitary structures exhibit stable propagation for much larger distances than the corresponding scalar cases.     

Experimental observation of the elliptically polarized fundamental vector soliton of isotropic Kerr media

We report the experimental observation of the elliptically polarized fundamental vector soliton of isotropic Kerr media and its unique polarization evolution. This was achieved in the spatial domain in a nonbirefringent CS2 planar waveguide.     

Discrete and dipole-mode gap solitons in higher-order nonlinear photonic lattices

We investigate the formation of fundamental discrete solitons and dipole-mode gap solitons in triangular photonic lattices imprinted in photorefractive nonlinear media. These lattices are strongly affected by the photorefractive anisotropy, resulting in orientation-dependent refractive index structures with reduced symmetry. It is demonstrated that two different orientations of the lattice wave enable the formation of fundamental discrete solitons in the total internal reflection gap. Furthermore, it is shown that one lattice orientation additionally supports dipole-mode solitons in the Bragg reflection gap. The experimental results are corroborated by numerical simulations using the full anisotropic model. PACS 42.65.Tg; 42.65.Wi; 42.70.Qs     

Counterpropagating pattern dynamics: From narrow to broad beams

The development of patterns in counterpropagating (CP) beams in saturable Kerr-like media is investigated in a numerical study, by varying the width of beams. A model of interacting mutually incoherent beams is adopted, with slow local changes in the index of refraction, and a numerical simulation of propagating beams is performed for different values of the driving parameters. Linear stability analysis (LSA) of CP beams is carried out, and a modulational instability threshold for the appearance of side beams is determined. The results of LSA, concerning the instability of plane waves, are compared with the numerical results concerning broad hyper-Gaussian beams whose width is varied. Qualitative agreement is found, due to the similarity between plane waves and flat-top hyper-Gaussian beam profiles. Owing to very slow quasi-steady-state changes in the system during time evolution, the transverse characteristics of beam distributions, determined by LSA, are found to persist for long in the transient evolution of CP beams.