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1.
为解决高纯石墨样品前处理中高温灰化耗时长(4~10 h)的问题,提出了题示方法。取高纯石墨样品0.300 0 g,置于50 mL聚丙烯样品管中,用15 mL 10%(体积分数)王水(体积比为3∶1的盐酸-硝酸混合液)超声提取20 min,提取时会有部分石墨漂浮于液面上,用注射器吸取样品管中部的提取液约3 mL,过0.45μm水系滤膜后收集在样品管中,在灰化温度为900℃、原子化温度为2 000℃等条件下采用石墨炉原子吸收光谱法进行测定。结果表明,超声提取缩短了样品处理时间(仅为20 min)。铅元素的质量浓度在5~50μg·L -1内与对应的吸光度呈线性关系,检出限(3s/k)为0.11 mg·kg -1。对同一样品分析7次,测定值的相对标准偏差为4.6%。按照标准加入法进行回收试验,回收率为91.0%~94.0%。 相似文献
2.
酵母抽提物样品(1.000g)经硝酸(20mL)消解并蒸干后加水(10mL),调整其酸度至pH 4.0。溶液通过D401离子交换树脂分离,用0.002 5mol·L~(-1)硝酸溶液(pH 2.6)淋洗交换柱后,用0.2mol·L~(-1)硝酸溶液洗脱吸附于树脂上的铅(Ⅱ)和镉(Ⅱ)。将洗脱液蒸至近干,用水定容至10mL。用石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定其中铅、镉的含量,两者的线性范围依次为50~350,3~15pg,检出限(3s)依次为5.0,0.3pg。对3个实样按所提出方法进行分析,并用标准加入法计算方法的回收率为84.0%~115%,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=8)为1.8%~12%。 相似文献
3.
建立了微波消解–石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定化妆品中铅的方法。探讨了样品前处理条件、基体改性剂的选择和优化、石墨炉升温条件等对测定结果的影响。在优化的试验条件下,铅的质量浓度在0~100 ng/mL范围内与吸光度具有良好的线性关系,线性相关系数r=0.9991,检出限为0.33 ng/mL。用该法对5种化妆品中的铅进行测定,加标回收率在95.0%~106.1%之间,测定结果的相对标准偏差不大于3.6%。该方法可应用于化妆品中痕量铅的分析。 相似文献
4.
提出了用微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定有机肥料中砷、镉、铅、铬、汞等5种元素的方法。有机肥料样品(0.200 0~0.500 0g)加入硝酸10mL和过氧化氢溶液1mL,按程序升温微波消解,将消解液蒸发至2mL,用硝酸(1+99)溶液定容至50mL。用电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定上述样液中的砷、镉、铅、铬、汞等元素。各元素的检出限(3.3s/k)为0.015~0.040mg·kg~(-1),测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)均小于5.0%。按标准加入法进行回收试验,测得回收率在98.0%~101%之间。 相似文献
5.
建立石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定高盐食品中微量铅的含量。试样经硝酸消解,恒温加热赶酸后,采用Ag离子小柱洗脱除盐。石墨炉加热程序:干燥150℃,持续30 s;干燥2 140℃,持续20 s;灰化550℃,持续20 s;原子化温度为2 000℃,持续4 s。光电倍增管电压为506 V,灯电流为6 mA,波长为283.3 nm,狭缝宽度为0.4 nm,时间常数为0.1 s,采用塞曼效应背景校正。食品含盐量在20%以内对铅的测定无显著影响。铅的质量浓度在0~30ng/mL范围内与吸光度呈良好的线性关系,线性相关系数为0.999 8,方法检出限为0.005 mg/kg。测定结果的相对标准偏差为1.58%~2.16%(n=7),样品加标回收率为82.40%~107.89%。该方法灵敏度高,结果准确、可靠,适用于高盐食品中微量铅的检测。 相似文献
6.
建立聚乙烯离心管石墨消解-电感耦合等离子体光谱仪测定土壤中硼含量的方法。将土壤样品风干,粉碎至粒径不大于150μm,称量0.1 g土壤样品于50 mL离心管中,加入3 mL盐酸-硝酸-氢氟酸混合液(体积比为1∶1∶1)作为消解试剂,在石墨消解炉中于105℃消解45 min,将消解溶液静置至室温,用去离子水定容至50 mL,取上清液,采用电感耦合等离子体光谱法进行测定。硼的质量浓度在0~2.5μg/mL范围内与光谱强度的线性关系良好,线性方程为y=97 952x-326.14,相关系数为0.999 6,方法检出限为1.0 mg/kg。用该方法对国家标准物质进行测定,测定结果的相对标准偏差为0.79%~1.72%(n=12),样品加标回收率为99.1%~100.7%。 相似文献
7.
基于分散剂乙醇(0.5mL)和萃取剂四氯化碳(30μL)的协同作用,可使水样(5.0mL)中痕量铅(Ⅱ)与吡咯烷基二硫代氨基甲酸铵(APDC,0.012g·L-1)所形成的螯合物,在pH 7.0及55℃的条件下迅速借分散液相微萃取(DLLME)进入四氯化碳的液滴中,从而达到样品中痕量铅的分离与富集。其含量用连续光源石墨炉原子吸收光谱法予以测定。铅的线性范围在1.00~40.00μg·L-1之间,其检出限(3s/k)为0.15μg·L-1。应用本法测定了自来水和河水中痕量铅,加标回收率在96.8%~105%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=10)均小于5%。 相似文献
8.
基于分散剂乙醇(0.5mL)和萃取剂四氯化碳(30μL)的协同作用,可使水样(5.0mL)中痕量铅(Ⅱ)与吡咯烷基二硫代氨基甲酸铵(APDC,0.012g·L-1)所形成的螯合物,在pH 7.0及55℃的条件下迅速借分散液相微萃取(DLLME)进入四氯化碳的液滴中,从而达到样品中痕量铅的分离与富集。其含量用连续光源石墨炉原子吸收光谱法予以测定。铅的线性范围在1.00~40.00μg·L-1之间,其检出限(3s/k)为0.15μg·L-1。应用本法测定了自来水和河水中痕量铅,加标回收率在96.8%~105%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=10)均小于5%。 相似文献
9.
提出了石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定食盐中镉含量的方法。称取食盐样品0.5 g,用1%(体积分数,下同)硝酸溶液溶解并定容至50 mL,摇匀,配制成待测样品溶液。以1%硝酸溶液为溶剂,配制成含10 g·L^(-1)磷酸二氢铵和10 g·L^(-1)抗坏血酸的基体改进剂。测定时,采用自动进样器吸取1.0μL基体改进剂至20μL待测样品溶液中。优化后的石墨炉升温条件:干燥温度为120℃,灰化温度为350℃,原子化温度为700℃,净化温度为2 700℃。结果显示:镉的质量浓度在0.1~2.0μg·L^(-1)内与其对应的吸光度呈线性关系,检出限(3s/k)为0.001 mg·kg^(-1);对含不同质量分数镉的氯化钠加标溶液进行测定,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)均小于4.0%;对不同类型的食盐样品进行加标回收试验,镉回收率为92.0%~101%。 相似文献
10.
将0.100 0 g样品和0.500 0 g氟化氢铵粉末置于密闭消解罐中,加入几滴水润湿,再用10 mL盐酸、5 mL硝酸和2 mL高氯酸于200℃消解2.0 h,冷却后于200℃蒸发至近干。残渣用5 mL硝酸提取6~8 min,用水定容至100 mL,在分析谱线460.733 nm下采用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定其中锶的含量,以两点校正法进行背景修正,用基体匹配的标准溶液系列绘制工作曲线。结果表明,锶的质量浓度在0.50~20.00 mg·L^(-1)内与对应的响应强度呈线性关系,检出限(3s)为5μg·g^(-1)。对某一样品测定12次,测定值的相对标准偏差为2.5%。对实际样品进行加标回收试验,回收率分别为98.0%和101%。 相似文献
11.
The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted
indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator
model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was
established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing
analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom.
Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997. 相似文献
12.
非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。 相似文献
13.
The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness. 相似文献
14.
Two vanilloids, (5 E)-8-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)oct-5-en-4-one ( 1) and 4-[3-hydroxydecyl]-2-methoxyphenol ( 2), isolated from the dried seeds of Grains of Paradise ( Aframomum melegueta), were synthesized; the latter compound was made as the S-enantiomer and the material derived from the seeds was found to be a 1:1.7 mixture of the R and S isomers. The synthetic route used should allow the preparation of analogs having extended alkyl chains and consequently different lipophilicity, and 3, a homolog of 2, was also prepared. 相似文献
15.
In this review, the research of the author in the field of colloidal systems is summarized. The factors influencing colloidal stability are systematized and analyzed. Examples are presented to illustrate the practical utilization of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films.This review was prepared on the basis of the works of the author, which were awarded the State Premium for 1991 in the field of science and technology, chemistry section.Institute of Physical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117915 Moscow. Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 8, pp. 1708–1717, August, 1992. 相似文献
16.
Main hydration products of two cement pastes, i.e. CSH-gel, portlandite ( P) (and specific surface S) were studied by static heating, and by SEM, TEM and XRD, as a function of cement strength (C-33 and C-43) hydration time ( th) and subsequent hydration in water vapour.Total change in mass on hydration and air drying, M o, increased with strength of cement paste and with hydration time. Content of water escaping at 110 to 220°C, defined as water bound with low energy, mainly interlayer and hydrate water, was independent on cement strength but its content increased with ( th). Content of chemically bound (zeolitic) water in CSH-gel, escaping at 220-400°C, was slightly dependent on strength and increased with (th). It was possibly derived from the dehydroxylation of CSH-gel and AFm phase. Portlandite water, escaping at 400-500°C, was independent on cement strength and was higher on longer hydration. Large P crystals were formed in the weaker cement paste C-33. Smaller crystals were formed in C-43 but they increased with ( th). Carbonate formated on contact with air (calcite, vaterite and aragonite), decomposed in cement at 600-700 oC. It was high in pastes C-33(1 month) and C-43(1 month), i.e. 5.7 and 3.3%, respectively; it was less than 1% after 6 hydration months (low sensitivity to carbonation) in agreement with the XRD study showing carbonates in the air dry paste (1month), and its absence on prolonged hydration (6 months) and on acetone treatment. Water vapour treatment of (6 months) pastes or wetting-drying increased this sensitivity.Nanosized P-crystals, detected by TEM, could contribute to the cement strength; carbonate was observed on the rims of gel clusters.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
17.
用氧化镁氯化镁水溶液制备了8水合氯氧化镁[nMg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O], 并测定了其在盐酸中的溶解热, 实验结果表明, 氯氧化镁溶解热与n值呈线性关系, 根据溶解热求出5Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O和3Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O的生成热分别为-7727.1和5888.1kJ·mol^1^-。 相似文献
18.
The enthalpies of solution of several oxosulfides of rare-earth elements and the high-temperature enthalpies of oxosulfides
and oxosulfates of lanthanum and yttrium were measured using solution calorimetry and high-temperature microcalorimetry techniques.
Standard enthalpies of formation and some thermodynamic properties of oxosulfides and oxosulfates were calculated.
Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 2 pp. 294–297, February, 1997. 相似文献
20.
设计了铁的锈蚀实验,说明了铁钉的处理方法,增加了温度、酸、碱的影响条件,实现了铁跟蒸馏水及空气中氧气快速反应而生锈,使实验在5 min左右就能够得到准确的结果。 相似文献
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