电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定枸杞中11种元素含量

采用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定了枸杞中锌、铅、锰、铁、铬、镁、钙、铜、钠、钾和镉11种元素含量。选择硝酸(2+98)溶液作为介质,选择波长为213.86,220.35,257.61,259.94,267.72,279.08,324.75,317.93,589.59,766.49,226.50 nm 11条谱线依次作为测定锌、铅、锰、铁、铬、镁、钙、铜、钠、钾和镉的分析线,测得11种元素的检出限(3δ)均低于0.07 mg·L~(-1),相对标准偏差(n=11)在0.72%～2.40%之间。比较了常规湿法消化法、高压消化罐法和微波消解法处理样品对测定结果的影响。研究表明,高压消化罐法和微波消解处理样品精密度好。     

微波消解样品-电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定镍精矿中10种金属元素

采用微波消解样品-电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法同时测定镍精矿样品中铝、钙、钴、铬、铜、锰、镁、镍、铅、锌等10种金属元素的含量。0.200 0g试样置于消解罐中,先后加入盐酸2mL、硝酸6mL及氢氟酸1mL,密闭罐盖按设定的微波消解程序进行消解。试验选择铝、钙、钴、铬、铜、镁、锰、铅、锌和镍的分析线分别为308.215,317.933,228.616,267.716,324.745,279.079,257.610,220.353,206.200,231.604nm,配制工作曲线时采用基体匹配的方法消除基体干扰。方法用于镍钴矿标准样品(GBW 07283)和镍精矿实际样品的分析,此方法的测定值与认定值及国标方法的测定值相一致。方法的回收率在95.8%～103.1%之间,相对标准偏差(n=6)均小于4.5%。     

微波消解原子吸收光谱法测定鱼肉中14种金属元素

以微波消解法处理鱼肉样品,用火焰原子吸收光谱法测定鲶鱼、胖头鱼、小黄花鱼、鲫鱼4种鱼肉中的钾、钠、镁、钙、铁、钴、镍、铜、锌、锰、锶、铬、镉和铅元素含量。鱼肉样品以5 mL HNO_3和1 mL H_2O_2在一定的温度和时间下经微波消解处理后,在最佳工作条件下测定以上14种金属元素含量,各元素的加标回收率在95.4%~104.6%之间,检出限为0.001 1~0.012 9μg/mL,标准工作曲线的线性相关系数均大于0.999,该方法测定结果的相对标准偏差为0.71%~4.28%(n=10)。该方法适用于鱼肉中钾、钠、镁、钙、铁、钴、镍、铜、锌、锰、锶、铬、镉和铅14种金属元素的含量测定。     

微波消解-ICP-AES法测定钴基合金中的硼

采用微波消解-ICP-AES法测定钴基合金中硼元素。通过试验探讨了钴基高温合金中基体元素,主量元素如铬、钨、钼等对硼元素分析谱线的光谱干扰情况,采用基体匹配法对基体干扰进行校正,确定了合适的分析谱线。方法的线性范围为0～8 mg/L,检出限为0.0003%。测定结果的相对标准偏差为1.88%～6.04%(n=6),回收率为92.0%～104.2%。     

合金中铝的络合滴定

在乙酸缓冲溶液中(pH3.5),铜试剂能有效地沉淀分离铁、镍、钴、铜、钼、钨、钒、铌和大部分铬、锰、钛等干扰元素而不吸附铝,然后用EDTA进行滴定。残留的钛以及含少量锆或稀土的试样可以在滴定时用铜铁试剂进行有效的掩蔽。当铁、钴共存时,加入铜试剂能使部分Fe~(3+)还原为Fe~(2+),而Co~(2+),被氧化为Co~(3+),降低了对铁的分离效果,加入过氧化氢可以避免此现象的发生。本法适用于含锰≤2％,含钛<5％的高温合金、精密合金、钒铁、合金钢和铝青铜中铝(>0.4％)的测定。方法准确、快速。     

全反射X射线荧光光谱法测定松子仁中16种矿物元素的含量

提出了全反射X射线荧光光谱法测定松子仁中钾、钙、钛、钒、铬、锰、铁、钴、镍、铜、锌、砷、硒、铷、锶和铅等16种矿物元素的含量。松子仁样品在MWS-2微波消解系统中,于180℃下微波消解50min,以镓为内标物。各元素的检出限在0.003~0.142mg·kg-1之间。应用所提出的方法分析花粉标准物质(GBW 10026),所得测定值与认定值一致。采用本方法和电感耦合等离子体质谱法对松子样品进行测定,结果表明:两者的测定结果无显著性差异,本方法测得各元素的相对标准偏差(n=6)在0.8%~4.7%之间。     

电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法结合干扰元素校正测定茶叶中的重金属

用微波消解法处理茶叶样品,采用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定其中的钡、钴、铬、铜、镍、铅、锶和钒。通过光谱干扰校正技术消除元素干扰。钡、钴、铬、铜、镍、铅、锶和钒的检出限(3s/k)分别为0.17,1.1,3.2,2.6,2.0,5.1,0.17,0.78μg·L-1。方法用于测定GBW10052标准物质中的重金属元素,测定值与认定值相吻合,相对标准偏差(n=6)在0.41%~1.6%之间。     

微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定土壤中10种重金属元素

利用硝酸、盐酸、氢氟酸混合液和微波消解仪密闭消解样品，建立了一种微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱（ICP-MS）法同时测定土壤中铜、铅、锌、锰、钒、铬、镉、镍、锡、铊10种重金属的分析方法。取0.100 0 g土壤样品于消解罐中，采用4 mL硝酸+1 mL盐酸+1 mL氢氟酸消解体系按照设定程序进行微波消解，冷却，定容后利用电感耦合等离子体质谱法进行。结果表明，以铑元素作为内标，10种重金属元素在一定的质量浓度范围内与其信号强度呈线性关系，线性相关系数均不小于0.999 8，检出限为0.010～0.92 mg/kg。对3种标准物质进行测定，测定值的相对标准偏差为2.89%～7.72%(n=10)，相对偏差为-5.95%～4.11%。该方法分析流程简单，工作效率高，检出限低，适合大批量土壤样品的多元素同时分析。     

电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定河流和湖泊沉积物中11种重金属元素含量

提出了用微波消解-电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定河流和湖泊沉积物中11种重金属元素(银、镉、钴、铬、铜、锰、镍、铅、锑、钒和锌)的方法。沉积物样品(0.100 0~0.500 0g)加入硝酸6mL,盐酸2mL,氢氟酸2mL,按程序升温微波消解,将消解液于130~140℃蒸发至近干,加水溶解残渣并定容至50mL。此溶液供电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法同时测定11种重金属元素含量,并选择了合适的分析谱线。光谱干扰运用背景扣除予以校准。测得各元素的检出限(3s)为0.20~2.00mg·kg~(-1)。以沉积物样品为基体,按标准加入法进行回收试验,测得回收率在81.6%~112%之间,相对标准偏差(n=6)均小于6.0%。按上述方法测定CRM(GBW 07360,GBW 07307a),测定值与认定值一致。     

微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定土壤中9种重金属元素

建立微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定土壤中的钒、铬、钴、镍、铜、锌、钼、镉、铅9种重金属元素。采用硝酸-氢氟酸-过氧化氢三酸体系微波消解土壤样品后,加入高氯酸于赶酸仪中对样品进行处理,定容至50 mL容量瓶中,混匀至澄清,取分液用电感耦合等离子体质谱仪对土壤中的9种重金属元素进行定量分析。探讨了称样质量、样品处理试剂、干扰效应、溶液酸度对测定结果的影响,各元素的质量浓度在0～100.0μg/L范围内与其对应的信号强度线性关系良好,相关系数为0.999 2～0.999 9,方法检出限为0.013～1.0 mg/kg。对土壤标准物质进行测定,测定值的相对标准偏差为0.82%～4.73%(n=6),测定值与标准值相吻合,相对误差为-12.1%～11.11%。样品处理过程中未使用盐酸,该法适于土壤中重金属元素的含量测定。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.     

Facile synthesis of bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones

In this Letter, we described a facile method for constructing fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-one ring system. We employed various methylene-containing carboxylic acids as the substrates and proved that the pyrazolone ring closure requires activated methylene group in intermediate II. Accordingly, a series of structurally diversified, fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones was prepared in moderate to high yields using the requisite substrates.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.