固相萃取-高效液相色谱法测定炒货食品中抗氧化剂

提出了固相萃取-高效液相色谱法测定炒货食品中丁基羟基茴香醚(BHA)、二丁基羟基甲苯(BHT)、叔丁基对苯二酚(TBHQ)和没食子酸丙酯(PG)等人工合成的抗氧化剂和茶多酚、甘草抗氧化物、迷迭香提取物等天然抗氧化剂的方法。样品经甲醇-异丙醇-乙腈(2+1+2)混合溶剂提取后经C_(18)固相萃取柱富集,用甲醇从柱上洗脱抗氧化剂使其净化。洗脱液在50℃氮气吹干,定容至1.0 mL,取10μL试样溶液注入高效液相色谱仪测定。采用反相C_(18)色谱柱为分离柱,以乙腈和三氟乙酸-水(0.05+99.95)溶液为流动相作梯度淋洗,在280 nm作紫外检测(甘草酸在250 nm检测)。各抗氧化剂的质量浓度分别在一定的范围内呈线性关系,方法的测定下限(10S/N)在0.1～1.0 mg·kg~(-1)之间。以油炸花生空白试样为基体,加入标准溶液进行回收试验,测得试样中抗氧化剂的回收率在83.6%～106.0%之间,相对标准偏差(n=6)在1.3%～3.9%之间。     

高效液相色谱法测定食用植物油中6种合成抗氧化剂

建立高效液相色谱法测定食用植物油中没食子酸丙酯、叔丁基对苯二酚、叔丁基对羟基茴香醚、二丁基羟基甲苯、没食子酸、山梨酸6种合成类抗氧化剂的含量。样品经正己烷溶解,再用饱和正己烷的乙腈萃取,振荡,超声25 min,离心后取乙腈层,定容,过0.45μm滤膜。以0.4%乙酸水溶液–乙腈为流动相,流量为0.8 mL/min,梯度洗脱,检测波长为280 nm,采用高效液相色谱法进行检测。6种合成抗氧化剂的质量浓度在0.1～10μg/mL范围内与色谱峰面积呈良好的线性关系,相关系数均大于0.999,方法检出限均为1.0～2.5 mg/kg。样品的加标回收率为79.6%～108.9%,测定结果的相对标准偏差为2.03%～5.77%(n=6)。该方法操作简单,能同时检测6种合成抗氧化剂,适用于多种食用植物油中合成抗氧化剂的测定。     

高效液相色谱法同时测定纺织品中11种二苯甲酮类紫外吸收剂

剪碎后的纺织品样品0.500 0g经30mL甲醇于60℃超声提取30min,冷却至室温后,取上清液用0.45μm有机滤膜过滤,采用高效液相色谱法同时测定滤液中11种二苯甲酮类紫外吸收剂的含量。以xBridge shield RP C_(18)色谱柱(250mm×4.6mm,5μm)为分离柱,用0.1%(体积分数,下同)甲酸溶液和含0.1%甲酸的甲醇-异丙醇溶液(甲醇与异丙醇体积比为7∶3)以不同比例混合的溶液为流动相进行梯度洗脱,在检测波长280nm处进行测定。11种二苯甲酮类紫外吸收剂的质量浓度均在0.5～20.0mg·L~(-1)内与其对应的峰面积呈线性关系,检出限(3S/N)为3～9mg·kg~(-1),测定下限(10S/N)为9～27mg·kg~(-1)。以空白样品为基体进行加标回收试验,所得回收率为87.6%～107%,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)为1.9%～8.3%。方法应用于33批次的防紫外线纺织产品样品的分析,4-羟基二苯甲酮在所有样品中均未检出,其他二苯甲酮类紫外吸收剂均在样品中有不同程度的检出,2-羟基-4-甲氧基二苯甲酮的检出率最高,达到了58%,质量分数在42～261mg·kg~(-1)之间。     

高效液相色谱测定食品中的7种抗氧化剂

建立了高效液相色谱同时定量测定食品中叔丁基对羟基茴香醚、2,6-二叔丁基对甲酚、特丁基对苯二酚、没食子酸丙酯、没食子酸辛酯、没食子酸异戊酯和没食子酸月桂酯7种抗氧化剂的分析方法.液态油脂样品经甲醇反复提取后氮气吹干,5 mL甲醇定容;固体样品使用正己烷提取,再用乙腈反萃取多次,氮气吹干,5 mL甲醇定容.提取液经Eclipse XDB-C18色谱柱(250 mm x4.6 mm,5μm)分离,以1.5％乙酸-甲醇为流动相,梯度洗脱.用二极管阵列检测器(PDA)进行检测,结合保留时间和紫外光谱进行定性分析,定量检测波长280 nm.7种抗氧化剂在1～100 mg/L范围内具有较好的线性关系,相关系数r2＞0.999,定量下限(LOQ,S/N=10)为1.0～1.5 mg/kg;空白样品的加标回收率为79％～ 101％,相对标准偏差均低于7％.将该方法应用于食品中抗氧化剂的检测,从成品植物油、坚果等食品中检出抗氧化剂的残留.该方法准确快速、灵敏度高,满足食品中添加剂的检测要求.     

固相萃取-高效液相法测定炒货食品及坚果制品中的多种抗氧化剂

运用固相萃取和高效液相色谱技术,建立炒货食品及坚果制品中丁基羟基茴香醚(BHA)、二丁基羟基甲苯(BHT)、叔丁基对苯二酚(TBHQ)、没食子酸丙酯(PG)等人工合成的抗氧化剂和茶多酚、甘草抗氧化物、迷迭香提取物等天然抗氧化剂的测定方法。样品经甲醇、异丙醇、乙腈等混合溶剂提取,冷冻离心后经C18柱固相萃取净化,用高效液相色谱检测。各抗氧化剂残留量在6~100 mg/L范围内呈良好线性关系,加标回收率为80%~106%。     

高效液相色谱法测定白桦树皮中儿茶素和白桦酯醇的含量

提出了高效液相色谱法(HPLC)测定白桦树皮中白桦酯醇和儿茶素含量的方法.色谱柱为Shim-pack CLC-ODS C18(150 mm×6.0 mm,5 μm),流动相为甲醇-水(75+25)混合溶液,紫外检测波长为205 nm,柱温30℃,流速1.0 mL·min-1,柱压7.747 MPa.儿茶素的线性范围为20.0～400.0 mg·L-1,白桦酯醇的线性范围为15.0～300.0 mg·L-1,儿茶素和白桦酯醇的加标平均回收率分别为95.8%和94.9%,相对标准偏差(n=5)分别为1.67%和2.86%.     

高效液相色谱法测定农药产品中非法添加的限制性农药氨基甲酸酯的含量

农药样品0.400g于甲醇80mL中超声溶解10min。用甲醇定容其体积为100.0mL,分取部分溶液(约50mL),离心分离5min,取其上清液过0.45μm滤膜过滤,滤液供高效液相色谱法分析。选用Besil C18-B色谱柱为固定相,柱温为30℃,以不同比例的(A)水和(B)甲醇组成的混合液为流动相,以1mL·min~(-1)的流量进行梯度洗脱,使样品中添加的12种限制使用的氨基甲酸酯类农药完全分离;采用二极管阵列检测器,在波长215nm处检测。结果表明:12种氨基甲酸酯农药的浓度在5.0～100.0mg·L~(-1)内与其峰面积呈线性关系,检出限(3S/N)在0.1～0.2mg·kg~(-1)之间。以空白农药样品为基质,按标准加入法进行回收试验,回收率在97.2%～106%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)在1.5%～3.8%之间。     

反相高效液相色谱法同时测定化妆品中7种苯甲酸酯类化合物

采用反相高效液相色谱法同时测定化妆品中7种苯甲酸酯类化合物的含量。样品(约0.5g)用8mL甲醇超声提取30min,冷却后,用甲醇定容至10mL。移取部分溶液以5 000r·min~(-1)转速离心5min,上层清液经有机相针式过滤头过滤。以ECOSIL 120-5-C30色谱柱为分离柱,以甲醇(6+4)溶液为流动相,在测定波长229nm处进行测定。7种苯甲酸酯类化合物的质量浓度均在1.25～50.00mg·L~(-1)内与其对应的峰面积呈线性关系,方法的测定下限(10S/N)为4～8mg·kg~(-1)。以空白样品为基体进行加标回收试验,所得回收率为88.8%～97.2%,回收量的相对标准偏差(n=6)为2.2%～5.3%。     

高效液相色谱法测定降血压类健康产品中的6种二氢吡啶类成分

采用高效液相色谱法同时测定降血压类健康产品中非法添加的6种二氢吡啶类化学成分。样品经甲醇超声提取,提取液用ACE C_(18)色谱柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm)分离,柱温35℃,流动相为0.2%(ψ)磷酸溶液-乙腈混合液,梯度洗脱,流量1.0mL·min~(-1),采用二极管阵列检测器,检测波长为235 nm,以外标法定量。6种化合物的质量浓度在一定范围内与峰面积呈线性关系,检出限(3S/N)为56 mg·kg~(-1),测定下限(10S/N)为167 mg·kg~(-1)。加标回收率在96.0%~101%之间。测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)在1.0%~1.2%之间。对阳性样品采用液相色谱-质谱法进行验证。     

反相高效液相色谱法测定一种口腔炎喷雾剂中绿原酸和咖啡酸的含量

取1mL口腔炎喷雾剂样品,用甲醇-水(1+1)溶液定量稀释至10mL,分取此溶液25μL供反相高效液相色谱法测定其绿原酸和咖啡酸含量。采用Shim-packVP-ODS色谱柱分离,以甲醇-0.012mol·L-1磷酸(27+73)混合溶液为流动相,柱温为30℃,流量为0.8mL·min-1,紫外检测器波长为323nm。结果表明:绿原酸在0.51～91.80mg·mL-1,咖啡酸在2.0～360.0mg·mL-1范围内呈线性关系,用标准加入法测定方法的回收率,结果依次在95.9%～97.4%和100.1%～100.9%范围内,检出限(3S/N)依次为0.10,0.40mg·mL-1,测定下限(10S/N)依次为0.36,1.40mg·mL-1。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.