微波消解-氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法同时测定土壤及生物样品中铅和汞

应用氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法测定了土壤及生物样品中铅和汞。样品用硝酸4mL及过氧化氢1mL按微波消解仪的工作参数进行消解,消解后溶液定容至25mL供测定。用30g·L-1柠檬酸溶液和硝酸(1+99)溶液的混合液作载流,根据铅(Ⅱ)离子的反应和试液对酸度的要求,选用含15g·L-1硼氢化钾,10g·L-1铁氰化钾和20g·L-1氢氧化钾的混合溶液作为还原剂。方法的检出限(3s/k)为0.512μg·L-1(铅)和0.067μg·L-1(汞)。应用此方法分析了3种实样并进行加标回收试验,测得回收率分别在91.0%~97.0%(铅)和88.0%~95.5%(汞)之间。     

美白祛斑化妆品中镉、锰、铜、锌的原子吸收光谱法测定

将美白祛斑化妆品在硝酸-过氧化氢或硝酸-过氧化氢-氢氟酸体系中经微波消解后,用原子吸收光谱法测定其中的镉、锰、铜、锌含量。结果表明,在特定的测定工作条件下,镉、锰、铜、锌分别在2.0、3.0、6.0、2.0 mg.L-1内与吸光值呈现良好的线性,其检出限分别为2.6、2.8、19.0、2.6μg.L-1(n=20)。该法用于测定美白化妆品的镉、锰、铜、锌元素上线性好,回收率高,分别在98.3%～101.2%、99.0%～102.7%、98.0%～101.3%、99.0%～103.0%,精密度好,其RSD分别为3.4%、5.5%、3.5%、4.7%(n=6)。     

高压消解-石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定八角和桂皮中镉、铅含量

八角或桂皮样品经硝酸-过氧化氢(5+3)混合液高压密闭消解后,以20 g·L-1磷酸氢二铵作基体改进剂,采用石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定其中镉和铅的含量。镉和铅的灰化温度分别为400℃,600℃;镉和铅的原子化温度分别为1 800℃,2 100℃。镉和铅的线性范围分别为10,50μg·L-1以内,检出限(3s/k)分别为0.42,0.98μg·L-1。加标回收率在96.0%~103%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)在0.24%~1.7%之间。     

微波消解试样-火焰原子吸收光谱法测定茶叶中铅和铜

采用浓硝酸-过氧化氢(体积比5比1)混合酸对茶叶试样进行消解,用火焰原子吸收光谱法测定其中铅和铜的含量。对消解酸体系、仪器工作条件进行了优化。铅的质量浓度在0.95～3.80mg·L~(-1)、铜的质量浓度在0.108～0.864mg·L~(-1)范围分别与其吸光度呈线性关系,检出限(3σ)分别为18.3,15.9μg·L~(-1)。方法用于分析茶叶试样,铅和铜加标回收率分别为98.8%～102.4%和93.3%～100.0%之间。     

微波样品消解-氢化物发生-双通道原子荧光光谱法同时测定家禽内脏中硒和锗

应用氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法同时测定家禽内脏中的硒和锗含量。采用微波消解法用硝酸和过氧化氢对样品进行消解,以硫脲作为预还原剂,以溶于5g·L-1氢氧化钾溶液中的20g·L-1硼氢化钾溶液作为还原剂。硒、锗的质量浓度均在500μg·L-1范围内与其荧光强度呈线性关系,检出限(3s/k)分别为0.001 08μg·L-1和0.017 1μg·L-1。硒、锗的加标回收率分别在98.9%~102%,97.4%~102%之间。     

微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定镍精矿中Ga、Ge、Se、Cd、In、Te、La和Tl

样品经硝酸-盐酸-氢氟酸-过氧化氢(3+1+1+1)混合液微波消解后,加入硝酸(1+1)溶液溶解盐类,定容后供电感耦合等离子体质谱分析。以~(103)Rh和~(232)Th为内标,采用校正方程消除质谱干扰。Se的线性范围为0.500~500.0μg·L~(-1),其他7种元素的线性范围均为0.050~100.0μg·L~(-1),8种元素的检出限(3s)在0.01~0.8 mg·kg~(-1)之间。加标回收率在90.9%~113%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=4)在0.90%~7.7%之间。方法用于测定镍精矿标准物质中Cd,测定值与认定值相符。     

微波样品消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定北部湾海产品中重金属的含量

北部湾海产品样品在硝酸-过氧化氢(4+3)混合液中经微波消解处理,采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定样品溶液中7种重金属(铬、铜、砷、镉、锑、汞、铅)的含量。采用内标法消除基体的影响。方法的检出限(3s)在0.018~0.23μg·L-1之间。按方法分析海虾样品做精密度试验,上述7元素测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)在1.4%~8.8%之间。方法用于黄鱼(GBW 08573)和扇贝(GBW 10024)两个国家标准物质中重金属含量的测定,测定值与认定值相符。     

氢化物发生-电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定环境样品中痕量硒

环境样品经硝酸-过氧化氢-氢氟酸体系微波消解,利用自制雾化器采用氢化物发生-电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定其中的痕量硒。选择硒的分析谱线为196.090nm。硒的质量浓度在32μg·L-1以内与其发射强度呈线性关系,方法的检出限(3S/N)为0.71μg·L-1。方法应用于国家标准物质中硒的的测定,测定值与认定相符,加标回收率在85.8%~102%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)在0.38%~2.3%之间。     

石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定生活日用品中铅、镉、钴

日用品样品置于微波消解罐中,用硝酸及过氧化氢在WP 200 LG微波炉中消解.在所得样品溶液中加入钼酸铵、磷酸氢二铵作基体改进剂后直接进样进行石墨炉原予吸收光谱法测定.在优化的试验条件下,测得铅、镉、钴溶液的吸光度与质量浓度分别在100,50及20μg·L-1以内呈线性关系,方法的检出限(3S/N)分别为6.25,0.50,0.65μg·L-1.对5种样品分别加入铅、镉、钴的标准溶液进行回收试验,结果分别为80%～130%,80%～110%,92%～112%.     

测定食品及生物样品中微量锡的消化方法探讨

采用干灰化、硝酸-高氯酸、硝酸-硫酸-高氯酸和用硝酸过氧化氢微波消解4种消化方法消化样品,氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法测定食品及生物样品中微量锡。方法线性范围为20.0μg.L-1以内,相关系数为0.999 8,经过比较,微波消解和硝酸-硫酸-高氯酸消解方法较理想,回收率分别为98.2%~101.4%和97.4%~102.8%,相对标准偏差分别为2.39%~3.85%和3.25%~3.82%。只测定锡时,微波消解和硝酸-硫酸-高氯酸消解法均可,但如锡与其他微量元素需要同时测定,为避免引入有干扰的硫酸根,以用硝酸-过氧化氢微波消解为好。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Selective syntheses of 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones via temperature-dependent Rh(II)-carbenoid-mediated 2H-azirine-ring expansion

The Rh(II)-catalyzed reaction of 2-carbonyl-substituted 2H-azirines with ethyl 2-cyano-2-diazoacetate or 2-diazo-3,3,3-trifluoropropionate provides an easy access to 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones. These compounds can be selectively prepared from the same starting material using temperature as the only varied parameter. The 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, a common precursor for both heterocyclic products, isomerizes into 2H-1,3-oxazine under kinetic control, while 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-one is the sole product of the reaction at elevated temperatures. According to DFT-calculations a one-atom oxazine ring contraction involving ring-opening to a 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, followed by a 1,5- and 1,2-prototropic shift leads to the consecutive formation of imidoylketene and azomethine ylide, which then further undergo cyclization to the pyrrole derivative.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.