近两年国内气相色谱的应用进展(Ⅲ)

对近两年国内各个领域的学者在气相色谱方面的研究和应用作了综述,本综述分3部分叙述,本篇为第 部分,包括:8.气相色谱在食品功效成分和其他成分分析中的应用,9.气相色谱酒分析中的应用,1 0 .气相色谱在污染物分析中的应用,1 1 .气相色谱在石油、石油化工分析中的应用,1 2 .气相色谱在化学品生产分析中的应用     

Gaussian 03 软件在染整课程中的应用

讨论了Gaussian 03 在染整课程中的具体应用,尤其对结构的稳定性、振动频率、染料颜色和结构的关系、分子的电荷布局在化学反应中的应用进行具体介绍。这些应用极大的丰富了课堂教学内容,提高教学质量。     

新课程教学中强化训练化学模型方法初探

化学模型方法在普通高中化学课程标准和教科书中应用广泛。本文对化学模型方法的含义、教科书中的存在、教学应用进行简要分析归纳。指出认识和掌握这种科学方法的重要性和必要性,并提出应用中的基本要求。     

近年国内固相萃取-色谱分析的进展

对近两年国内各个领域的学者在使用固相萃取做样品前处理的色谱分析方面的研究和应用作了综述, 这一综述包括10个部分: 1. 国内近两年有关固相萃取的综述报告;2. 固相萃取-色谱分析在水质分析中的应用;3. 固相萃取-色谱分析在奶制品和肉类食品分析中的应用;4. 固相萃取-色谱用于蔬菜和水果中有害物质分析的应用;5. 固相萃取-色谱用于粮食和其他食品中有害物质分析的应用;6. 固相萃取-色谱在血药浓度、体液及组织中有害物质分析中的应用;7. 固相萃取-色谱在药物分析中的应用;8. 固相萃取-色谱在其他使用色谱分析中的应用;9. 基质固相分散在色谱分析中的应用;10. 分子印迹SPE在样品前处理中的应用.     

Gaussian 03软件在染料化学教学中的应用

讨论了Gaussian 03在染整课程中的具体应用,尤其对结构的稳定性、振动频率、染料颜色和结构的关系、分子的电荷布局在化学反应中的应用进行具体介绍.这些应用极大的丰富了课堂教学内容,提高教学质量.     

纳米分子筛在炼油和石油化工中的应用

介绍了纳米ZSM-5分子筛的合成及其在直馏汽油非临氢改质中的应用、纳米β分子筛的合成及其在苯与乙烯液相烷基化中的应用、纳米空心钛硅分子筛(HTS)的合成及其在环己酮氨肟化过程中的应用以及纳米Silicalite-1分子筛的合成及其在环己酮肟气相贝克曼重排生产己内酰胺中的应用,并简要综述了上述纳米分子筛合成和应用方面的最新研究进展. 结果表明,对于炼油和石油化工中易结焦失活的催化反应过程,分子筛的纳米化可抑制催化剂快速失活,延长催化剂寿命.     

沸石分子筛在有机合成中的应用

阐述了沸石作为选择性吸附剂和催化剂在有机合成中的应用,包括杂环化合物的合成、氧化还原反应、傅一克反应、不对称合成、制备高聚物及在萜类化学中的应用进展情况。     

毛细管电泳技术在氨基酸分析中的研究进展

对毛细管电泳技术在氨基酸分析中的研究进展进行了综述,分析了直接法和衍生法对氨基酸进行分析的优缺点,详细叙述了毛细管电泳中的紫外、激光诱导荧光、电化学及质谱等检测方法在氨基酸分析中的应用,并重点总结了毛细管电泳在手性氨基酸分离中的应用.     

毛细管电泳电化学检测在生物分子分析中的进展

对近年来毛细管电泳电化学检测在生物分子（氨基酸、蛋白质、脱氧核糖核酸和糖等）分析中的应用进展作出综述,展望了电化学检测在毛细管电泳中的应用前景（引用文献55篇）。     

生物传感器在环境监测中的应用

对1994~2009年间生物传感器在环境监测中的应用进展作了评述,涉及的主题有生物传感器在水样、大气和土壤分析中的应用(引用文献42篇)。     

有机试液的电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱分析 Ⅰ.实际应用的若干方面

本文从七个方面介绍了ICP-AES在有机试液直接分析中的应用:(1) 油类样品分析;(2) 酒样直接分析;(3) 溶剂萃取分离富集-ICP光谱分析;(4) 基于生成挥发性金属有机化合物的ICP进样方法;(5) 有机试液分析中的其它进样方法;(6) 有机介质中非金属元素的ICP-AES测定;(7) ICP-AES作为色谱法的检测器。     

端视ICP-AES系统分析性能研究──Ⅰ．在稀土分析中的应用

本工作通过比较端视与侧视ICP的分析性能，研究了端视ICP系统对稀土元素的分析特性。高频发生器输出功率与载气流量对端视与侧视ICP激发特性的影响没有明显差异，取光方式的不同是二者分析性能差异的根本原因。端视ICP由于取光时避开了产生连续背景的环形热区和截取了整个中心通道的光谱．其背景减小，谱线强度增强，获得较好的测定下限。对14种稀土元素测定下限的比较表明：端视ICP比铡视ICP下降10-30倍。     

端视ICP－AES系统分析性能研究──Ⅰ．在稀土分析中的应用

本工作通过比较端视与侧视ＩＣＰ的分析性能，研究了端视ＩＣＰ系统对稀土元素的分析特性。高频发生器输出功率与载气流量对端视与侧视ＩＣＰ激发特性的影响没有明显差异，取光方式的不同是二者分析性能差异的根本原因。端视ＩＣＰ由于取光时避开了产生连续背景的环形热区和截取了整个中心通道的光谱，其背景减小，谱线强度增强，获得较好的测定下限。对１４种稀土元素测定下限的比较表明：端视ＩＣＰ比铡视ＩＣＰ下降１０－３０倍。     

电感耦合等离子体发射光谱中的光谱干扰

光谱干扰是电感耦合等离子体发射光谱(ICP-AES)中的主要干拢。已有不少文献作了报道。CIP发射光谱的波长表,为研究光谱干扰提供了可靠的数据和资料。本文试对这方面的文献进行了归纳和分析。光谱干扰包括光谱线的重叠和背景。在ICP-AES中,有以下几种类型的光谱干扰不可忽视:     

Comparison of a portable micro-X-ray fluorescence spectrometry with inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry for the ancient ceramics analysis

Two multielement instrumental methods of analysis, micro X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (micro-XRF) and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) were applied for the analysis of 7th and 5th century B.C. ancient ceramic sherds in order to evaluate the above two methods and to assess the potential to use the current compact and portable micro-XRF instrument for the in situ analysis of ancient ceramics. The distinguishing factor of interest is that micro-XRF spectrometry offers the possibility of a nondestructive analysis, an aspect of primary importance in the compositional analysis of cultural objects. Micro-XRF measurements were performed firstly directly on the ceramic sherds with no special pretreatment apart from surface cleaning (micro-XRF on sherds) and secondly on pressed pellet disks which were prepared for each ceramic sherd (micro-XRF on pellet). For the ICP-AES determination of elements, test solutions were prepared by the application of a microwave-assisted decomposition procedure in closed high-pressure PFA vessels. Also, the standard reference material SARM 69 was used for the efficiency calibration of the micro-XRF instrument and was analysed by both methods. In order to verify the calibration, the standard reference materials NCS DC 73332 and SRM620 as well as the reference materials AWI-1 and PRI-1 were analysed by micro-XRF. Elemental concentrations determined by the three analytical procedures (ICP-AES, micro-XRF on sherds and micro-XRF on pellets) were statistically treated by correlation analysis and Student's t-test (at the 95% confidence level).     

土壤中铅的分析方法比对

对不同的样品消解方法及电感耦合等离子体质谱、电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱、石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定土壤中铅的测定结果进行比对。采用电热板、微波及水浴3种加热方式,选择硝酸、氢氟酸、双氧水、王水、高氯酸、盐酸的不同组合进行土壤样品消解,通过分析测定值的精密度和准确度,考察消解体系对电感耦合等离子体质谱、电感耦合等离子体发射光谱、石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定结果的影响。结果表明采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定土壤中的铅,最适宜的消解体系是硝酸-氢氟酸-高氯酸(微波加热),采用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定最适宜的消解体系是硝酸(电热板加热),采用石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定最适宜的消解体系是硝酸-盐酸-高氯酸(微波加热)。电感耦合等离子体质谱法的精密度和准确度优于另外两种方法。     

Activation energies and structural changes in carbon nanotubes during different acid treatments

In this work, we studied the effect of acid type in the final properties of CNTs as the resistance to air oxidation; for this, different techniques of characterization were used such as Raman spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and chemical analysis by ICP-AES. Through Raman spectroscopy, it is possible to monitor the structural changes induced by acids and this is reflected in changing of the activation energies for the different processes determined by thermogravimetric analysis; also by ICP-AES analysis, it was shown that the inorganic material was eliminated efficiently with the acid treatments used in this study.     

Characterization of purified <Superscript>241</Superscript>Am for common impurities by instrumental neutron activation analysis

Americium is an important actinide element having versatile applications based on its alpha and gamma emissions. Multi-element determination of radioactive samples using ICP-AES technique may be affected by the presence of americium due to its rich emission spectra. With a view to characterize plutonium based fuels containing americium for trace metals by ICP-AES technique accurately, a high purity ²⁴¹Am (using a separation procedure developed in our laboratory) was prepared. To ascertain its chemical purity it is essential to determine its impurity contents accurately. Instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA), being a sensitive multi-elemental technique, was employed to determine the concentrations of impurities in purified ²⁴¹Am. Detection limits for the common elements and rare earth elements have also been determined. Comparison is made with the analytical data obtained by the ICP-AES method.     

Direct determination of trace elements in niobium,tantalum and their oxides by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry after microwave dissolution

Analytical schemes for the determination of trace elements in high-purity niobium, tantalum and their oxides are proposed. The schemes are based on microwave dissolution of the metals and oxides followed by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) determination of impurities in the solutions. The possibilities of interelement and off-peak background corrections in ICP-AES analysis are discussed. The accuracy of the results obtained is confirmed by the determination of trace elements after a matrix sorption separation procedure. For a number of elements, a comparison of the results obtained by ICP-AES without and with the matrix separation procedure and by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry (ETAAS) shows good agreement. The limits of detection for direct ICP-AES determination are in the range 0.4*1.0 μg g⁻¹ for Ba, Ca, Fe, Mg, Mn, Y and La; between 2.0 and 10.0 μ g⁻¹ for B, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Hf, Mo, Na, Nb, Ni, Pb, Sr, Ti, Zr and Ta; and for K, Sb and W a detection limit of 20 μ g⁻¹ is achieved. The schemes proposed are intended for rapid routine analysis.     

Development of inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry for palladium and rhodium determination in platinum-based alloy

Inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES) with internal standardization was applied for the analysis of an in-house reference platinum alloy containing palladium and rhodium (approximately 5% by weight). In order to compensate for variations in signal recovery due to matrix interferences, and therefore to improve the precision, platinum, the major component, was chosen as an internal standard. Quantitative analysis was based on calibration using a set of matrix-matched calibration standards with and without employing the internal standard. These results were compared with those obtained by X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectroscopy. The results for both techniques were in a good agreement, although the precision was slightly better in the ICP-AES technique, with or without the internal standard.