脉冲形成线用CaO-TiO2-Al2O3基介质陶瓷介电性能

设计了一种脉冲形成线用新型CaO-TiO2-Al2O3基介质陶瓷体系,采用传统固相法通过优化组分和制备工艺,调控材料的微结构,获得了介电性能优异的介质陶瓷。其介电常数在15~35之间可调,介电损耗小于0.002,频率稳定性好。在厚度为1 mm时,介电强度高达50 kV/mm。研究了厚度对CaO-TiO2-Al2O3基介质陶瓷介电强度的影响规律,当厚度从1 mm减小到0.1 mm时,介电强度呈非线性增大,从50 kV/mm（1 mm厚样品）提高到92 kV/mm（0.1 mm厚样品）,可见,CaO-TiO2-Al2O3基介质陶瓷的电击穿与其机械损坏具有相似性。结合CaO-TiO2-Al2O3基介质陶瓷的化学组分和微观结构,CaO-TiO2-Al2O3基介质陶瓷优越的电击穿特性可以用弱点击穿理论解释。     

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The electric field strength and electron mean kinetic energy in co-axial dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) were estimated based on static electric filed model. Through the comparison of the single dielectric layer DBD with the double dielectric layer DBD, it was found the electric field strength and electron mean kinetic energy in double dielectric layer DBD are greater than that in the single dielectric layer DBD under the same electrode configuration and discharge conditions. The calculation results can successfully applied to explain the toluene degradation efficiency in double dielectric layer DBD is larger than that in the single dielectric layer DBD under the same discharge parameters.     

估算线筒式介质阻挡放电场强和电子平均动能的方法

利用静电场模型对线筒式介质阻挡放电电场强度进行了计算,并对电子平均动能进行了估算。通过对单双介质阻挡放电(DBD)的对比,发现在相同的放电条件下,双介质DBD产生的电场强度和电子平均动能比单介质DBD的要大。这就很好地解释了在相同的放电参数下,甲苯的降解效率在双介质DBD中要比单介质DBD中大。     

Effects of dielectric core and embedding medium on plasmonic coupling of gold nanoshell arrays

The effects of the dielectric core and the dielectric embedding medium separately on transmission spectra and plasmon resonance properties of gold nanoshell arrays were investigated by using the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) theory. It is found that when the hollow nanoshell arrays are placed in air, the wide photonic band gap becomes narrower as the core dielectric constant increases. On the contrary, when the nanoshell arrays with dielectric core are placed in the dielectric medium, the photonic band gap becomes wider. Furthermore, increasing core or medium dielectric constant leads to a redshift of the transmission spectra due to the polarization of the dielectric. Based on the electric field distributions, we also clearly show that the plasmon properties of the nanoshell arrays are strongly influenced by the presence of the dielectric.     

核壳结构对弛豫铁电体介电行为的影响

介电弥散和介电隔离率的温度非线性关系是弛豫铁电体的主要特征. 通过对掺杂成分以线性梯度递减的核壳结构进行热力学函数分析, 认为核壳结构能够在低温区保持较高的介电常数, 但不能导致介电隔离率与温度的非线性关系. 通过对不同浓度掺杂的铁电体扩散相变的比较, 认为掺杂浓度会影响晶粒掺杂成分的不均匀性, 在较宽的分布条件下会导致介电隔离率与温度的非线性关系. 因而在介电常数的峰值温度区域, 顺电相与铁电相的晶粒共存. 温度变化会影响两相比例及铁电畴的变化, 从而导致弛豫铁电体的介电弥散性. 核壳结构会增大介电弥散性. 铁电陶瓷的掺杂物种类、掺杂物浓度和烧结温度均会影响核壳结构的成分不均匀性和介电弥散性.     

Experimental study of air-core dielectric tube at terahertz frequencies

In this paper, an experimental study of air-core dielectric tube waveguide is proposed at terahertz frequencies. By using the THz time domain measure system, the terahertz dispersion characteristics, loss characteristic and energy focusing characteristic of air-core single-layer and dual-layer dielectric tube are obtained. The results show that this type of air-core dielectric tube can realize low dispersion characteristics. Due to the difference of refractive index between two dielectric materials, stronger energy focusing can be achieved in air-core dual-layer dielectric tube. After the coupling of the THz pulse using the dual-layer dielectric tube waveguide, the THz pulse increased 2.4 times compared with the single-layer dielectric tube waveguide at 1.5 THz.     

Strip dielectric wave guide antenna-for the measurement of dielectric constant of low-loss materials

The value of dielectric constant are the most important parameters in material science technology. In micro-wave and millimeter wave circuits using dielectric materials the values of this parameters should be known accurately. It is observed that the number of methods are reported in litrature, however these methods impose difficulties in experimentation and are not very accurate. In this paper a novel approach to the measurement of the dielectric constant of low loss materials at micro-wave and millimeter wave frequencies has been discussed. In this method by using antenna theory, a metallic strip dielectric guide is taken in to constideration and band reject phenomenon of dielectric antenna is used. Frequency response of an antenna in band reject mode is a function of the dimensional parameters, such as the metallic strip period, the profile of the metallic strip and the dielectric constant of the material used. Hence if one measure the frequency responce of the antenna in band reject mode, the dielectric constant of the material is determined provided all other parameters are known. This method gives a direct measure of dielectric constant and is quite accurate as computer techniques are used for evaluating the dielectric constant. This method verified experimentally also.     

Giant dielectric response and polaronic hopping in charge-ordered Nd1.75Sr0.25NiO4 ceramics

The structure and dielectric properties of charge-ordered Nd_1.75Sr_0.25NiO₄ ceramics are presented. The giant dielectric constant about 30 000 is observed in the present ceramics even the frequency is up to 5 MHz. There are three dielectric relaxations at the curve of temperature dependence of dielectric constant in the considered temperature range. Based on the comparison of activation energies of dielectric relaxation and electrical conductivity, the giant dielectric response should be attributed to the bulk factor, that is, thermally activated small polaronic hopping in the present ceramics, while the dielectric relaxation around room temperature should cause from the effect of grain boundaries.     

Dielectric properties of electrolytic solutions

The variation in dielectric properties of water with the addition of ionic salts have been measured using automated frequency domain experimental microwave C-band. The dielectric properties, that is dielectric constant (ε′) and dielectric loss (ε″) of two electrolyte solutions for various concentrations have been measured at 5-GHz frequency at room temperature. It has been observed that for concentration between 0.2 to 1.0 mole the dielectric constant of water is smaller and some larger than that of pure water and dielectric loss increases with increasing concentration of these salts. It has been also observed that the variation in dielectric loss is different, though the ionic concentration of the two salts are equal.     

Finely-reconciled high dielectric constant and low dielectric loss in ternary polymer/Cr2C3/montmorillonite composite films by filler-synergy strategy

Polymer/conductive ceramic composites with high dielectric constant have become research hotspot of dielectric capacitor materials. However, the conductivity and dielectric loss increase when high dielectric constant is achieved. In order to reconcile high dielectric constant and low dielectric loss, in this study, poly (vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF)/chromium carbide (Cr₂C₃)/montmorillonite (MMT) ternary composite films were prepared by solution cast. Dielectric response based on interfacial polarization was improved and dielectric constant of composites was increased. MMT ceramic was used to suppress interface leakage current. Compared with PVDF/Cr₂C₃ composites, the conductivity and dielectric loss of ternary composites were reduced.     

金红石相纳米块材TiO2的介电特性

研究了不同制备压力下成型的以金红石相为主的纳米二氧化钛介电常数的频率谱和温度谱。在频率谱上发现,当频率ω<0.1kHz时,随着测量频率的下降,介电常数迅速升高,低频下的介电常数比高频区的介电常数高1—2个数量级。并且随着样品加压压力的提高,介电常数升高,在与之相对应的介电损耗谱上,随着样品加压压力的提高,损耗值下降,损耗峰向低频区位移。对1.0GPa压力下成型的样品,其介电常数随测量温度的升高,分别在50℃和300℃出现两个峰值。经分析得出,影响金红石相纳米二氧化钛介电行为的微观机制主要为晶粒内部的电子松弛极化和界面中的电偶极矩的转向极化,50℃峰对应于电于松弛极化,而300℃峰则对应于电偶极矩的转向极化。 关键词：     

Effects of the dielectric discontinuity on the photodetachment of H− ion

Using the closed orbit theory, we studied the effects of dielectric discontinuity on the photodetachment of H^? ions. The photodetachment cross-section of H^? in a medium with dielectric discontinuity was derived and calculated. The results have shown that the relative dielectric constants of the medium have a significant influence on the photodetachment of H^?. If H^? is kept in a medium with a relative small dielectric constant, the photodetachment cross-section of H^? becomes oscillating only in a small region above the ionization threshold. However, if H^? is kept in a medium with a relative large dielectric constant, the oscillation in the photodetachment cross-section becomes much stronger. Besides, the distance between H^? and the dielectric dividing interface also influences the photodetachment of H^?. For a given dielectric medium, the oscillation in the cross-section decreased with increasing distance between H^? and the dielectric dividing interface. Therefore, we can control the photodetachment of a negative ion by changing the dielectric constant and the ion–interface distance. This study provides a new understanding of the photodetachment process of negative ions in the presence of a dielectric medium.     

Enhanced dielectric constant resolution of thin insulating films by electrostatic force microscopy

Electrostatic force microscopy has been shown to be a useful tool to determine the dielectric constant of insulating films of nanometer thicknesses that play a key role in many electrical, optical and biological phenomena. Previous approaches have made use of simple analytical formulas to analyze the experimental data for thin insulating films deposited directly on a metallic substrate. Here we show that the sensitivity of the EFM signal to changes in the dielectric constant of the thin film can be enhanced by using dielectric substrates with low dielectric constants. We present detailed numerical calculations of the tip-sample electrostatic interaction in the following setup: an insulating thin film, a dielectric substrate (or spacing layer) of known low dielectric constant and a metallic electrode. The EFM sensitivity to the dielectric constant increases with the thickness of the spacing layer and saturates for thicknesses above 100-300 nm, when it is close to that of an infinite medium.     

氢负离子在电介质球面附近的光剥离研究

利用镜像法结合半经典闭合轨道理论,对氢负离子在电介质球面附近的光剥离进行了研究.首先利用镜像法分析了剥离电子在电介质球内的镜像电荷分布情况,然后给出了体系的哈密顿量.通过求解哈密顿正则方程,找到了剥离电子在电介质球面附近运动时的闭合轨道.借助于半经典闭合轨道理论,推导出了体系的光剥离截面,并且对光剥离截面进行了计算和分析.计算结果表明,氢负离子在电介质球面附近的光剥离截面不仅与入射光子的能量有关,而且还与电介质球面的介电常数有关.对于给定的电介质球面,随着入射光子的能量增加,光剥离截面的振荡振幅减小、振荡频率增加.当入射光子的能量增加到某一临界值时,光剥离截面的振荡结构消失.除此之外,随着电介质球面介电常数的增大,光剥离截面的振荡结构变得更加复杂.当电介质常数增大到无穷大时,体系的光剥离截面和氢负离子在金属球面附近的光剥离截面一致.因此,可以通过改变入射光子的能量及电介质球面的介电常数对氢负离子在电介质球面附近的光剥离截面进行调控研究.研究结果对负离子体系在电介质球面附近的光剥离的实验研究可以提供一定的理论指导和参考价值.     

Dielectric spectroscopy studies of ZnO single crystal

Dielectric relaxation and charge transport induced by electron hopping in ZnO single crystal are measured by using a novocontrol broadband dielectric spectrometer. Typical Debye-like dielectric relaxation originating from electronic hopping between electronic traps and conductive band in surface Schottky barrier region is observed for ZnO single crystal-Au electrode system. However, after insulation of ZnO single crystal by heat treatment in rich oxygen atmosphere, dielectric relaxation and alternating current conductance are observed simultaneously in the dielectric spectra, implying that dielectric relaxation and charge transport can be induced simultaneously by electronic hopping at high temperature in an ordered system. The intrinsic correlation between local dielectric relaxation and long range charge transport offers us a new method to explore complicated dielectrics.     

The Evaluation of Dielectric Resonators Containing H2O or D2O as RF Coils for High-Field MR Imaging and Spectroscopy

Electromagnetic resonators consisting of low-loss dielectric material and/or metallic boundaries are widely used in microwave technologies. These dielectric resonators usually have high Q factors and well-defined field distributions. Magnetic resonance imaging was shown as a way of visualizing the magnetic field distribution of the resonant modes of these resonators, if the dielectric body contains NMR sensitive nuclei. Dielectric resonators have also been proposed as RF coils for magnetic resonance experiments. The feasibility of this idea in high-field MR is discussed here. Specifically, the dielectric resonances of cylindrical water columns were characterized at 170.7 MHz (4 T¹H Larmor frequency), and evaluated as NMR transmit and receive coils. The dielectric resonance of a cylindrical volume of D₂O was used to image a hand at 170.7 MHz. This study demonstrated that MRI is an effective way of visualizing the magnetic field in dielectric structures such as a water cylinder, and can potentially be generalized to solid-state dielectric devices. The possible applications of dielectric resonators other than simple cylindrical volumes in MRI and MR solution spectroscopy at high field strengths are also discussed.     

Dispersion characteristics of broadside coupled dielectric image guide at millimeter wave frequencies

Dispersion characteristics and wave impedance for the even and odd modes of the broad side coupled dielectric image guides are computed by using mode matching techniques. Dispersion curves for broadside image guide are plotted for various dielectric materials and dimensional parameters as a function of frequency. Normalized electric field for dominant electric field component E of TM even and odd modes for various half spacings between two dielectric slabs of broadside coupled image guide have been plotted. Polysterene ( r=2.56) and Stycast ( r=3.4) have been used as dielectric materials in fabricating broadside coupled image guide. This broadside coupled dielectric guide is very convenient as compared to the other dielectric guides. Since in case of broadside coupled image guide the dielectric slab can be bonded to the side metallic walls using some low loss adhesive material, while in other coupled dielectric guides the dielectric slab have to be supported by some low dielectric constant material (Eccofoam with r=1.02) to maintain the proper distance of side metallic walls from the dielectric slab. Since this structure is symmetrical, this configuration can be analysed in terms of even and odd mode phase velocities. The difference in these even and off mode phase velocities can be used to determine the coupling between coupled dielectric slab. Various couplers in this configuration can be realised.     

Calculation of Dielectric Function of a Quark-Gluon Plasma

With the hard thermal loop （HTL） resummation technique, we calculate the dielectric function excited by hard gluon in quark-gluon plasma （QCP）. We find that in a section of the space-like region po/p ∈ [0.78, 0.95], there are two extremum structures on the dielectric function curve, while the dielectric function in the HTL approximation decreases monotonously without these properties. Through the analyses of the imaginary part of the dielectric function, we conclude that the character of the dielectric function in this region reflects effects of the Landau damping.     

聚酯薄膜复合材料带状脉冲形成线传输介质

介绍了一种电气绝缘柔软复合材料——DMD膜,通过对膜结构的分析,设计了一种串联等效电路模型对其进行分析。运用该模型,对DMD膜在浸渍前和浸渍后两种情况下的介电常数和介电强度进行了求解并给出计算公式。从公式可以看出:DMD膜的介电常数在浸渍前后有明显的变化,浸渍后的介电常数得到了显著的提高,并且变化率较小;浸渍后DMD膜的介电强度高于未浸渍DMD膜的介电强度。当浸渍料介电常数愈大,聚酯材料上承受的电场强度愈大,浸渍料上承受的电场强度愈小,由于聚酯材料的耐压强度很高,所以整个传输线的介电强度得到提高。     

Dielectric behaviour of polycrystalline lead germanate

The dielectric behaviour of ferroelectric Lead Germanate (Pb₅Ge₃O₁₁) is reported in the frequency region 60 Hz-100 KHz for various particle size ranges from 40 to 300 μ m. The dielectric constant and conductivity decrease with decreasing particle size. The dielectric anomaly in small particle size unsintered samples disappears at lower frequencies, while at 100 KHz a broad diffuse phase transition is observed for all the samples, irrespective of particle size. A strong dielectric dispersion has been observed in the frequency range 60 Hz–100 KHz. The dielectric constant of sintered samples for the same panicle size range, and the dielectric anomaly which was absent at lower frequencies for unsintered samples re-appears in sintered samples. These results have been explained by assuming a high resistivity surface layer having a lower dielectric constant than the bulk at the boundary of particles.