在火焰原子吸收光度计上以无火焰原子化法测定碱金属元素

在常规火焰原子吸收分光光度计上采用特制的不锈钢原子化管对碱金属元素进行无火焰原子化法测定,克服了碱金属元素在火焰中的电离效应,试液用量极少。测定结果的相对标准偏差小于0.3%(n=11),回收率为98.9%~99.2%。     

无火焰原子化-原子吸收光谱法测定不锈钢中砷量

在火焰原子吸收分光光度计火焰上方放置一只特制的不锈钢管作为原子化器,将不锈钢样品溶液定量滴加在不锈钢原子化管内,在乙炔-一氧化二氮高温火焰下对不锈钢样品中微量砷的含量进行无火焰原子化测定,以标准加入法进行定量分析.方法的特征质量为59 pg/1%,绝对检出限(3σ)为3.6 pg.     

有机试剂对锶火焰原子吸收光谱分析的增感机理

研究了火焰原子吸收光谱法中甲醇、甲醛、甲酸等6种有机试剂对元素Sr的增感行为,发现甲酸效果最佳。在选定的相对最佳条件下,增感效果高达70%。研究表明,甲酸所产生的增感效应主要在于其与Sr形成甲酸锶,改变了常规原子化机理,提高了火焰原子化效率。这一机理同样适用于甲酸存在下Ca、Ba等元素的火焰原子化。实验表明,甲酸对这两种碱土元素的增感效果分别达到54%和55%。甲酸对Sr的增感应用于高纯BaCO3中Sr含量测定,回收率达到100%～106%。     

钨丝电热蒸发-氩氢火焰原子荧光光谱分析法研究

以钨丝原子化器替换传统氢化物原子荧光分析仪石英炉原子化器及其氢化物发生气体进样系统,构建了一种新颖的集电热蒸发进样-氩氢火焰原子化为一体的原子荧光光谱分析系统;并用标准溶液研究了该系统的分析性能.在优化的仪器条件下,直接在钨丝表面进样,Pb、Ni和Au的检出限分别为:1.5、2.0和2.0μL.再结合电沉积预富集技术,...     

火焰原子吸收光谱法测定矿石中微量钼

矿石中钼的测定方法有分光光度法、原子吸收光谱法、电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法和X射线荧光光谱法等[1-4]。在这些方法中用常规的火焰原子吸收光谱法测定矿石中钼,由于钼很难被原子化,测定灵敏度很低,且地质样品中共存元素的干扰非常严重[5],一般很难测定。本工作用4种酸溶解     

铟氢化物发生原子吸收方法研究

本文对铟氢化物发生方法进行了探讨，所采用的方法使铟氢化物的发生效率明显提高。在电加热石英管原子化器中得到的测定灵敏度为０．００７μｇ／（１％吸收），比文献报道值提高了一个数量级。并讨论了铟氢化物的发生机理与原子化机理。     

悬浮液进样火焰原子吸收光谱法测定高锌天麻中锌

天麻中含有大量人体必须的微量元素 ,利用人工强化载培方式 ,增加天麻中锌的含量 ,在医学上具有重大的应用前景。天麻中锌的测定 ,一般采用消化后原子吸收光谱法测定[1] 。但这种方法费时费事 ,又宜造成污染。悬浮液石墨炉原子吸收光谱法在固体样品分析中取得了满意的结果。但悬浮液火焰原子吸收光谱法直接测定固体样品时存在一些困难 ,主要是颗粒样品传输和原子化时间不充分问题 [2 ] 。本文对悬浮液天麻样品中锌含量的火焰原子吸收光谱法进行了研究。结果表明 ,天麻样品中含有很多可溶性物质 ,样品溶解后 ,可形成较均匀的悬浮液 ,用原子吸…     

原子光谱法测量火焰温度

火焰温度的准确测量一直是重要的研究课题,对于构建燃烧模型、探究原子化机理、燃烧反应机理和减少燃烧过程中污染物的排放等具有重要意义。非接触式测温法因对火焰燃烧状态几乎无干扰受到特别关注,是火焰温度测量的重要技术手段,其中原子光谱法由于其固有的非接触式特性及谱线简单、光谱信号强、操作简便等优点,在高温诊断领域中得到了广泛的关注和应用。原子光谱法测温是根据处于不同能级的原子光谱信号结合热力学平衡状态下的玻尔兹曼能级分布来进行火焰温度的测量。按照采集的原子光谱信号的来源,原子光谱法可分为原子吸收光谱法、原子发射光谱法和原子荧光光谱法3类。该文简述了原子光谱相关测温方法的原理、发展及应用,包括原子吸收光谱双线法、原子发射光谱双线法、多谱线斜率法(玻尔兹曼图解法)与原子荧光光谱双线法等。     

快速原子吸收法测定蔬菜样品中微量铜

本文描述了蔬菜悬浮液直接进样非火焰原子吸收法测定微量钢的方法,讨论了样品的粉碎、匀浆及进样技术,研究了原子化温度程序等实验条件,并通过对各种蔬菜中微量铜测定的结果与常规法结果比较,确立了方法的可行性。     

应用微量火焰原子吸收技术测定工业硅中铅

本实验联合应用高性能空心阴极灯，缝式石英管，高效雾化器乙炔－空气火焰原子吸收法，采用了节流脉冲进样测定工业硅中铅，使铅的灵敏度改善了３１倍，同时克服了Ｆｅ，Ａｌ等原子化过程中形成的氧化物吸收石英管壁对实验的影响，此法简便，快速。     

Determination of lead in plants in controlling phytoremediation processes using slurry sampling electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry

The comparative determination of lead in plant samples by two atomic spectrometric techniques is reported. At first, slurry sampling electrothermal atomisation atomic absorption spectrometry (ETAAS) was applied. The results obtained were compared with those found after a wet digestion procedure by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS) or ETAAS. The accuracy of the studied methods was checked using a certified reference material (CL???1 CRM, Cabbage Leaves). The recovery of lead was 90% for slurry sampling ETAAS, and 86.6% for liquid sampling ETAAS. The advantages of the slurry sampling ETAAS method are the simplicity of sample preparation and very good sensitivity.     

Derivative flame atomic absorption spectrometry and its application in trace analysis

Flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS) is an accepted and widely used method for the determination of trace elements in a great variety of samples. But its sensitivity doesn’t meet the demands of trace and ultra-trace analysis for some samples. The derivative signal processing technique, with a very high capability for enhancing sensitivity, was developed for FAAS. The signal models of conventional FAAS are described. The equations of derivative signals are established for FAAS, flow injection atomic absorption spectrometry (FI-FAAS) and atom trapping flame atomic absorption spectrometry (AT-FAAS). The principle and performance of the derivative atomic absorption spectrometry are evaluated. The derivative technique based on determination of variation rate of signal intensity with time (dI/dt) is different from the derivative spectrophotometry (DS) based on determination of variation rate of signal intensity with wavelength (dI/dλ). Derivative flame atomic absorption spectrometry (DFAAS) has higher sensitivity, lower detection limits and better accuracy. It has been applied to the direct determination of trace elements without preconcentration. If the derivative technique was combined with several preconcentration techniques, the sensitivity would be enhanced further for ultra-trace analysis with good linearity. The applications of DFAAS are reviewed for trace element analysis in biological, pharmaceutical, environmental and food samples.     

Sensitive Determination of Lead by Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry Improved with Branched Capillary as Hydride Generator and Without Phase Separation

The sensitivity of traditional flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS) is low for the determination of lead. Therefore, a simple branched capillary was used for hydride generation with air-acetylene FAAS determination of lead in geochemical samples and paint. Using a Y-shaped connector, the sampling capillary of a traditional FAAS instrument was branched, with one branch for introducing the reductant solution, KBH₄, and the other for the sample solution, Pb⁴⁺. The KBH₄ solution and the Pb⁴⁺ solution were then merged and mixed inside the reaction capillary and thereafter inside the nebulizer for generating the lead hydride, which, together with the liquid fine droplets, was directly brought into the air-acetylene flame for atomization without gas/liquid separation. The experimental conditions were optimized for best signal-to-noise ratio (S/N). A calibration curve was obtained with a linear dynamic range of up to 1.0 mg L⁻¹ and a correlation coefficient of 0.9997. The limit of detection (LOD) for lead was found to be 0.004 mg L⁻¹, 10 times better than that of traditional FAAS and slightly better than or equivalent to that of the sophisticated inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES). The improvement in sensitivity and the LOD for lead largely owe to the altered atomization mechanism via hydride generation. The proposed method was successfully applied to the determination of lead in Geochemical Standard Deposit (GSD) samples and paint samples.     

Design of rapidly synergistic cloud point extraction of ultra-trace lead combined with flame atomic absorption spectrometry determination

In this work, traditional cloud point extraction (CPE) pattern was changed and improved by the proposed rapidly synergistic CPE. Using octanol as cloud point revulsant and synergic reagent, non-ionic surfactant Triton X-114 (TX-114) accomplished room temperature extraction rapidly without heating in water bath. The improved extraction was named as rapidly synergistic cloud point extraction (RS-CPE). Compared with traditional CPE, RS-CPE was accomplished in 1 min with considerably high extraction efficiency. The improved CPE pattern was coupled with flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS) for the extraction and detection of trace lead in real and certified water samples with satisfactory analytical results. The proposed method greatly improved the sensitivity of FAAS for the determination of lead. Under the optimal conditions, the limit of detection (LOD) for lead was 4.3 μg/L, with enhancement factor (EF) of 39. Factors influencing RS-CPE efficiency, such as concentrations of surfactant TX-114 and octanol, concentration of chelating agent, pH, conditions of phase separation, environmental temperature, salt effect and instrumental conditions, were studied systematically.     

火焰原子吸收光谱法间接测定植物叶片中的硫

将植物叶片中的有机硫和无机硫用酸消化使植物体中的各种硫转化成硫酸盐,利用硫酸盐与铬酸钡悬浊液反应释放出铬酸根,以火焰原子吸收光谱法测定溶液中游离的铬酸根,间接测定消化液中的硫酸盐。研究了试验条件对测定灵敏度的影响,确定了最佳试验条件,该法用于植物叶片中硫含量的分析,回收率在92.5%~96.3%之间。     

Determination of lead traces in water and liqueurs by derivative atom trapping flame atomic absorption spectrometry

 A new method for the direct determination of lead traces using derivative atom trapping flame atomic absorption spectrometry (DAT-FAAS) with an improved water-cooled stainless steel trapping equipment in an air-acetylene flame was investigated. The optimum conditions concerning the sensitivity were studied. For a 1 min collection, the characteristic concentration (given as derivative absorbance of 0.0044) and the detection limit (3s) were 1.4 ng/mL and 0.27 ng/mL, respectively. This is 361 and 74-fold better than those of the conventional flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS) and comparable to those of graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GFAAS). The detection limit and sensitivity of DAT-FAAS for a 3 min collection time were 2 and 3 orders of magnitude higher than those of conventional FAAS. The present method was applied to the determination of lead in water and liqueur samples with a recovery range of 94–108% and a relative standard deviation of 3.5–5.6%. Received: 10 January 1996/Revised: 9 December 1996/Accepted: 20 December 1996     

Rapid separation on copper powder of total mercury in blood and determination of mercury by flameless atomic absorption spectrometry.

The determination of mercury in blood by flameless atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS) has been described. Prior to its analysis, the sample was decomposed by combustion and separated on a copper powder micro-column. A special type of cell has been used which gives a better sensitivity compared with the types of cells described in the literature and the method of FAAS analysis has been improved. The sensitivity of 0.1 ng for 1% absorbance was observed and the standard deviation for six determinations at this level was found to be +/- 0.05 ng, for 95% probability.     

Determination of iron and nickel by flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry after preconcentration on Saccharomyces cerevisiae immobilized sepiolite

Iron and nickel have been preconcentrated on Saccharomyces cerevisiae immobilized sepiolite and determined by flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry (FAAS). Preconcentration studies were conducted by the column method. Effect of pH, amount of adsorbent, elution solution, flow rate and interfering ions on the recovery of the analytes have been investigated. Recoveries of Fe and Ni were 95+/-1 and 99.5+/-0.1%, respectively, at 95% confidence level. The breakthrough capacities of analytes were also investigated and found to be 0.042 mmol g(-1) for Fe and 0.055 mmol g(-1) for Ni. The proposed method was applied to the determination of iron and nickel in brass (NBS SRM 37e). The detection limit of iron and nickel were found as 0.065 and 0.087 mug ml(-1), respectively. The direct determination of trace metals by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS) is limited and difficult because of low concentration and/or matrix interferences. The proposed method is excellent for the determination of trace metal in matrixes, such as metal alloys.     

火焰原子吸收光谱法间接测定水中硫酸盐

研究利用硫酸根与铬酸钡悬浊液反应释放出铬酸根,以火焰原子吸收光谱法测定溶液中游离的铬酸根,间接测定硫酸根。并研究了试验条件对测定灵敏度的影响,确定了最佳试验条件,该法用于水中可溶性硫酸盐的分析,回收率在88．5～104．8％之间。     

On-line speciation and determination of Cr(III) and Cr(VI) in drinking and waste water samples by reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography coupled with atomic absorption spectrometry

A simple, rapid, and selective on-line method for the speciation and determination of Cr(III) and Cr(VI) in aqueous solutions by ion-pairing HPLC coupled with flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS) is described. The composition of the mobile phase has been optimized for better separation. The effects of column temperature, volume of injection loop, fuel flow rate of FAAS, and nebulizer suction rate of FAAS have also been investigated. Separation is accomplished in almost 2.5 min on a 25 cm length C18 column at 40 degrees C. The selectivity of the method has been established by investigating the effect of interfering elements on chromium determination. The detection limit (3sigma) achieved by the method was calculated as 3.7 ng/mL for Cr(III) and 2.0 ng/mL for Cr(VI). The proposed method has been validated by analyzing certified reference material (BCR 544) and successfully applied to the analysis of drinking water and wastewater samples with a relative error below 6%.