聚合色素的研究：Ⅺ.蒽醌型聚酯色素的合成与可加工性

用熔融缩聚法合成蒽醌型聚酯色素，研究了色素用量，反应温度和反应时间等对反应的影响，对用所合成聚合色素着色的聚酯的可加工性能作了初步的研究。     

聚合色素的研究：Ⅸ.侧链悬挂偶氮型染料的聚合膦腈酸多氟烷基 …

首次将偶氮染料和聚合膦腈酸多氟烷基取代酯相结合，合成了一类具有阻燃、疏水憎油等特殊的功能聚合物。研究了合成色素的润湿性和热性能，结果表明：所合成的色素具有期望的应用特性。此外，对合成反应的机理和聚合色素的红外光谱特性也进行了初步的讨论。     

聚合色素的研究Ⅸ.侧链悬挂偶氮型染料的聚合膦腈酸多氟烷基酯的合成和性能

首次将偶氮染料和聚合膦腈酸多氟烷基取代酯相结合，合成了一类具有阻燃、疏水憎油等特性的功能聚合物。研究了合成色素的润湿性和热性能，结果表明：所合成的色素具有期望的应用特性。此外，对合成反应的机理和聚合色素的红外光谱特性也进行了初步的讨论。     

高蛋白食品中合成色素的多组分测定方法研究

合成色素不但不能向人体提供营养物质,甚至有些合成色素有"三致"作用,危害人体健康.所以世界各国均严格控制合成色素在食品中的使用范围及使用量.高蛋白食品中的蛋白质因能够与合成色素结合,导致用现行标准难以满足准确测定~([1,2]).我国还没有针对高蛋白食品中合成色素的多组分检测方法标准.本研究建立了适合高蛋白食品中8种合成色素的测定方法,应用于实际样品的测试.     

全芳族液晶聚酯的催化反应及动力学研究

研究了五种催化剂在全芳族液晶聚酯合成过程中的催化效应以及对转化率的影响。通过反应动力学数据求得催化反应速率常数、反应活化能，确定催化剂存在下的全芳聚酯多元共缩聚反应符合二级反应规律。在考察催化剂对聚合物热稳定性副作用的基础上，综合确定并择出适合于全芳液晶聚酯合成用的首选催化剂为双组份体系Ｐｂ（Ａｃ）２＋Ｓｂ２Ｏ３和Ｐｂ３Ｏ４十Ｓｂ２Ｏ３。     

壳聚糖枝载型偶氮色素的合成及表征

合成色素已被广泛应用到食品及医药行业。但是,以偶氮类为主体的食用合成色素在人体内易降解为芳香胺类化合物,这类化合物毒性较大,具有致癌性和遗传毒性。在天然高分子中,壳聚糖作为唯一碱性多糖,无毒,生物相容性好,且高分子量的壳聚糖在人体内也难以被降解吸收,是很好的食用色素目标载体。本文利用壳聚糖上较为活泼的氨基,制备出壳聚糖枝载偶氮色素。对实验所制备的壳聚糖枝载偶氮色素,利用NaHSO_3在酸性条件下进行还原,发现其抗还原性得到有效提升。选取日落黄、橙黄Ⅱ、柠檬黄、苋菜红、胭脂红5种食用色素,通过与环氧氯丙烷反应改性,再与壳聚糖交联,合成了生物相容性好的壳聚糖枝载型大分子色素。用IR、HNMR对产物结构进行了表征,考察了壳聚糖枝载型大分子色素在NaHSO_3还原体系下的稳定性,发现其抗还原性得到有效提升。     

导数光度法同时测定五种食用合成色素

本文用一阶导数光度法研究了五种食用合成色素的吸光特性。选定五个波长测定五组份混合食用合成色素。十次测量的相对标准偏差<1.0％,标准回收在98％～103％以内。     

细胞色素C在阴离子修饰的盐桥支撑双层类脂膜上的电化学行为及其应用

采用循环伏安法研究了细胞色素C在月桂酸阴离子修饰的盐桥支撑双层类脂膜上的氧化还原反应;对盐桥支撑双层类脂膜的特性、细胞色素C的电化学反应动力学以及有关影响细胞色素C循环伏安行为各种因素进行了详细探讨;并对用该双层类脂膜体系电化学测定细胞色素C进行了初步尝试。     

改性聚乙二醇修饰高交联度不饱和聚酯网络结构的动态力学分析

合成了一系列含有反应活性端基的改性聚乙二醇,并用其对BMC(团状模塑料)专用的高交联度不饱和聚酯进行增韧.结果表明,含有反应性马来酸酐端基的聚乙二醇参与了不饱和聚酯的固化反应,可在交联网络中构成不同长度的柔性链段,在显著提高不饱和聚酯的韧性的同时,基本保持了材料的模量及其它力学性能.用动态力学分析(DMA)对不饱和聚酯交联网络结构进行了系统研究.     

季铵基吸附树脂的合成及其在甜菊式甙提取分离中的应用

研究了由工业二乙烯苯聚合得到的大孔树脂进行氯甲基化的可行性，考察了聚合物孔结构催化剂用量、反应温度和时间等因素对氯甲基化反应的影响，由氯甲基化树脂制备了强极性季铵基吸附剂。并研究了合成的季铵基吸附剂对甜叶菊提取物中甜菊甙及色素的吸附－脱附性能，发现该吸咐剂对甜菊甙与色素的吸附－脱附性能完全不同，因而可用该吸附剂制备高品质的甜菊式。     

含蒽醌结构聚芳醚砜的合成及表征

以4,4'-二氟二苯砜,4,4'-联苯二酚及1,5-二氯蒽醌为原料,采用亲核缩聚方法将具有良好热稳定性的蒽醌生色团分子以共价键方式引入到聚芳醚砜体系中,制备出了蒽醌含量分别为10%、20%及30%的热分解温度在500℃以上的新型耐高温有机高分子染料.该系列聚合物具有较高的分子量和良好的溶解性.利用红外光谱(FTIR)、核磁共振(1H-NMR)等表征方法确定了聚合物的结构;利用紫外-可见光谱测试(UV-Vis)初步研究了聚合物的光谱学特性;利用差示扫描量热测试(DSC)和热失重分析测试(TGA)研究了聚合物的热性能.     

Electrical conductivities of carbon nanotube-filled polycarbonate/polyester blends

Carbon nanotube (CNT)-filled polycarbonate (PC)/poly(butylene terephthalate) (PBT) and polycarbonate (PC)/poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) blends containing 1 wt% CNTs over a wide range of blend compositions were prepared by melt mixing in a torque rheometer to investigate the structure-electrical conductivity relationship. Field emission scanning electron microscopy was used to observe the blend morphology and the distribution of CNTs. The latter was compared with the thermodynamic predictions through the calculation of wetting coefficients. It was found that CNTs are selectively localized in the polyester phase and conductive blends can be obtained over the whole composition range (20 wt%, 50 wt% and 80 wt% PBT) for CNT-filled PC/PBT blends, while conductive CNT-filled PC/PET blends can only be obtained when PET is the continuous phase (50 wt%, 80 wt% PET). The dramatic difference in the electrical conductivity between the two types of CNT-filled PC/polyester blends at a low polyester content (20 wt%) was explained by the size difference of the dispersed phases on the basis of the transmission electron microscope micrographs.     

在醋酸中用锌粉还原蒽醌制备4种新化合物

在醋酸中用锌粉还原蒽醌制备4种新化合物;蒽醌;还原;醋酸;锌     

聚醚酯嵌段共聚物熔体的流变性能

采用毛细管流变仪测定了组成比、聚醚分子量、熔融时间和熔融温度对嵌段聚醚酯熔体表观粘度的影响．结果发现在所研究的温度和切变速率范围内,该结构聚醚酯熔体为假塑性非牛顿流体,其粘度随聚酯段含量的增加而增加,随熔融时间增加而降低,随聚醚分子量的增大而增大．聚醚酯的零切粘度可由Ｓｐｅｎｃｅｒ Ｄｉｌｌｏｎ 公式外推得到,零切粘度对温度的依赖关系服从Ａｎｄｒａｄｅ 公式．     

Thermal Properties and Morphology of Liquid Crystalline Copolyester and Polyester Elastomer Blends

Abstract

Polyester elastomer (PEL) blends having a hard segment of polyester (PBT), soft segment of polyether (PTMG), and a liquid crystalline copolyester (LCP), poly(benzoate-naphthoate) were prepared with a twin-screw extruder. Test specimens for thermal properties were prepared by injection molding. Rheological properties and morphology were investigated by Instron capillary rheometer (ICR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Thermal properties of the LCP/PEL blends were investigated by DSC, dilatometer, heat deflection temperature tester, and a Rheovibron viscometer. DSC study revealed a partial miscibility between LCP and PEL. It was found that the LCP acted as a nucleating agent for the crystallization of PEL in the LCP/PEL blends. The dimensional and thermal stability of the blends were increased by increasing the LCP cont-ent. The storage modulus (E' was improved by increasing the LCP content. The blend viscosity showed a minimum value at 5 wt% of LCP which increased by increasing the LCP content above 5 wt% of LCP The morphology of the LCP/PEL blends showed poor interfacial adhesion between the two phases, and the fibrillar structure of LCP phase in the matrix was affected by the LCP content, shear rate, and extrusion temperature. The morphology of the blends was found to be affected by their compositions and processing conditions.     

Multimodal sorption of nonionic dyes with two amino groups by various polymers from water

Sorption isotherms of nonionic dyes with two amino groups (one anthraquinone dye and two azo dyes) on various polymers from water were measured at 40–90°C (Nylon-6 and cellulose film) and at 95°C (polyester microfiber). The isotherms were curved, convex to upward, in the range of low dye concentration C_s in water and almost linear in the range of medium to saturated C_s. The isotherms measured at low temperature (40°C for cellulose, 40–60°C for Nylon-6, and at 95°C for polyester) were satisfactorily described by considering three concurrent modes of sorption. They are Nernst type partitioning and bimodal Langmuir sorption (sorption by the higher affinity sites with a small saturation value and that by the lower affinity sites with a large saturation value). However, for the sorption of the anthraquinone dye and one azo dye by Nylon-6 film at high temperature (80–90°C), the amount of dye sorbed by the high affinity site decreased to negligibly small. Accordingly, the isotherms were expressed well by simple dual-sorption model. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

高岭土对不饱和聚酯树脂的热稳定性、阻燃及力学性能的影响

不饱和聚酯树脂;高岭土;纳米复合材料;原位聚合;阻燃;成炭     

Catalytic water dissociation using hyperbranched aliphatic polyester (Boltorn series) as the interface of a bipolar membrane

The effect of hyperbranched aliphatic polyester (Boltorn series) on the water dissociation in bipolar membranes was firstly investigated in this paper. The bipolar membranes were prepared by immersing the anion exchange layer in a hyperbranched aliphatic polyester solution and then coating on the layer a polyphenylene oxide (SPPO) solution. The SEM observations proved the existence of hyperbranched aliphatic polyester at the membrane intermediate layer. The adsorption amount was evaluated by the oxygen content via XPS. The junction thickness of the prepared bipolar membrane was determined by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and the membrane performances were evaluated by current-voltage curves. The results showed that the amount and generation of Boltorn series, and temperature all affected I-V behaviors of the fabricated bipolar membranes, and the former two played the critical role. These effects were explained on the basis of the water dissociation theory and the characteristics of hyperbranched aliphatic polyester.     

可降解聚合物包覆次血红素六肽微球的制备及生物活性

采用水包油包水(W₁/O/W₂)复乳溶剂挥发法制备了包覆次血红素六肽(DhHP-6)的2种聚酯微球. 通过扫描电子显微镜、 体外缓释行为、 高效液相(HPLC)检测、 酶活力测定和初步的动物实验等表征, 综合评价了载药微球的体外释放及体内生物活性. 实验结果表明, 载药微球球体圆整, 粒径分布均匀, 载药量高, 能够实现体外缓释, 并对细胞过氧化损伤和小鼠脑缺血损伤均有一定的保护作用.     

Sol–gel processing at increased temperatures: the formation of polyester nanocomposites

Polyester nanocomposites were prepared using sol–gel precursors, prehydrolyzed sols, or nanoparticles in polyester formulations. The different inorganic components were introduced in the early stages of the esterification reaction and a typical polymerization temperature program was applied leading to temperatures up to 240 °C at low pressures. The structural and physical properties of the final materials depend on the applied method for the introduction of the sol–gel materials. Silicon atoms were incorporated into the polyester chain if silicon tetraalkoxide was used as precursor. The silicon atoms represent branching points in the polymer structure. Prehydrolyzed sols that were prepared under acidic conditions were another source of silicon and formed larger inorganic aggregates in the polymer matrix. Nanoparticles prepared via the Stöber process were the third inorganic species in polyester formation. All three processing pathways produced different kinds of materials depending on the type of silica incorporated in the polyester networks but also with regard to the nanoscale structure of the materials. Both, composition and structure have a major influence on the final polyester nanocomposite properties. Model reactions between silicon tetraalkoxides and diols or diacids using the temperature program for the polyester formation showed that exchange reactions of the alkoxides and the alcohols or acids can occur and the obtained products can carry out side reactions in the polyester formation. The final materials show a homogeneous distribution of the silicon containing moieties in the polyester matrix. The viscosities and the branching degrees of the polymers changed dramatically compared to the pristine polymers by incorporation of the sol–gel precursors.