高能α粒子与4He的弹性散射

应用Glauber核-核散射理论,在“刚体炮弹近似”下计算了高α粒子在⁴He靶核上的弹性散射.结果显示,理论对于中等动量转移以下的实验结果给出令人满意的描述.     

89Y(α,p)92Zr反应中的核芯激发和全微观理论分析

测量了⁸⁹Y(α,p)⁹²Zr反应的基态和几个激发态的微分截面及⁸⁹Y(α,α)⁸⁹Y弹性散射微分截面.利用⁸⁹Y、⁹²Zr的壳模型波函数对该反应基态和第一激发态的实验数据进行了完全微观DWBA理论分析.具有核芯激发组态的核波函数明显地改善了不同末态的截面相对强度,而对角分布的形状影响甚微.它表明具有核芯激发组态的⁸⁹Y、⁹²Zr核波函数有较好的实验基础.最后,讨论了⁸⁹Y(α,p)⁹²Zr反应的截面绝对值问题,揭示了α浅势阱的重要性.     

新核素278113的基态特性及其α衰变链的研究

用形变的相对论平均场模型,Skyrme-Hartree-Fock模型及宏观-微观模型研究了新核素²⁷⁸113及其α衰变链的α衰变能和半衰期.计算的α衰变能同实验数据比较符合,相应的半衰期也在合理的范围内.计算进一步表明形变对超重核的基态性质有重要影响.     

基于上海激光电子γ源的天体核合成关键反应12C(α,γ)16O的反应率研究

正在研制的上海激光电子γ源是MeV量级的高品质γ光束线站，基于该装置可以开展一系列核天体物理实验, 从而更准确的确定各天体核合成反应的反应率. 本文研究了天体核合成中的关键反应¹²C(α,γ)¹⁶O的反应率. 根据多组实验和理论截面数据分别计算了反应率, 并给出了这些反应率计算结果的平均值和统计误差. 根据该结果拟合了理论反应率的解析形式, 确定了新的参数. 进而给出俘获反应¹²C(α,γ)¹⁶O在He燃烧环境下的反应率和误差, 并讨论了电子屏蔽效应对天体反应率的修正.     

质子散射对16O原子核α结构的检验

利用质子散射作为手段对¹⁶O的α粒子结构模型进行了检验.基于4α结构模型,对跨度整个中能区的质子与¹⁶O核的弹性角分布进行了无自由参数的计算.理论与实验基本符合.     

中能区反质子与原子核的弹性散射

运用实验的pN散射振幅和多次散射理论,在冲量近似下考虑反质子能量从180MeV至1800MeV的光学势,发现此能区反质子光学势的虚部强度在130—140MeV附近.用所获得的光学势,计算¹²C,²⁶O,⁴⁰Ca和²⁰⁸Pb等满壳层核在五个能量下的弹性散射微分截面.看到所用的光学势,在180MeV能很好地符合实验数值.本文还预示了此能区在各个核上的理论结果.     

α转称反应的激发函数

本文研究了α转移反应²⁸Si(¹⁶O,C)S的激发函数,构造了核轨道线性组合分子态的耦合道理论,计算结果与实验较好符合,与扭曲波玻恩近似理论结果比较有很大的改进.     

天体物理中爆发性核合成

简要地评述天体核过程,着重讨论爆发性氢燃烧过程,并利用最新的反应率实验数据对氢燃烧过程进行了计算.指出从热pp链通过¹¹C的质子辐射俘获反应进入CNO循环的反应流量可以超过3α过程的流量.用¹⁸F(p,γ)和(p,α)反应的新反应率计算的¹⁸F生成丰度比旧反应率给出的丰度要大1.8倍.对在X射线爆的典型天体物理条件下的快质子(rp)过程的计算表明,“等待核”⁸⁹Ru和⁹³Pd的β衰变寿命的新实验数据给出的该2核的生成丰度,比旧实验数据给出的值要大4倍.     

52Mn,54Mn核的高自旋态研究

利用重离子熔合蒸发反应¹²C+⁴⁸Ti布局⁵²Mn和⁵⁴Mn核的高自旋态. 用14台高纯锗反康谱仪组成的γ探测器阵列测量γ-γ符合. 经过对实验数据的分析, 发现了⁵²Mn和⁵⁴Mn核一些新的能级跃迁. 应用OXBASH程序对⁵²Mn核进行了理论计算与分析, 其结果与实验中测量得到的数值符合得很好.     

入射能量为5.1MeV中子58Ni(n,α)55Fe反应截面和出射粒子角分布测量

用屏栅电离室测量了入射中子能量为5.1MeV的⁵⁸Ni(n,α)⁵⁵Fe核反应的α粒子角分布,²³⁸U裂变电离室作中子注量率的测量,测得该能点⁵⁸Ni(n,α)⁵⁵Fe的总截面为(47.4±5.0)mb.用中国核数据中心推荐的理论计算程序UNF计算了在1—8MeV能区⁵⁸Ni(n,p)⁵⁸Co,⁵⁸Ni(n,α)⁵⁵Fe的反应截面和入射中子能量为5.1MeV的⁵⁸Ni(n,α)反应角分布.理论和测量数据的比较说明,用复合核模型来描写该能点的角分布是可行的.     

可能合成的超重核的alpha衰变能和半衰期

本文考察和研究了将来可能在实验上合成的超重新元素和新核素的基态性质。研究的重点主要放在原子核的alpha衰变能和半衰期。详细比较和讨论了不同理论模型计算的alpha衰变能和半衰期。通过这些计算和比较,从理论上提出了将来在实验上比较容易合成的超重新元素和新核素的性质。理论计算结果可为将来的超重核实验提供理论参考。     

偶-偶超重核基态性质的理论研究

在形变的相对论平均场模型下采用NL Z2,TMA两套参数对一些偶 偶核基态性质进行了系统的计算,并将理论计算的结合能、α衰变能与已知的实验数据进行了对比分析.结果发现两方面的数据能够比较好地吻合,从而验证了相对论平均场模型对超重核研究是可行的.同时在计算中给出了未知核素基态性质的计算结果,可供以后在理论或实验上研究超重核时参考. The ground state properties of the even even nuclei with proton number Z=94-104 have been systematically calculated in the deformed relativistic mean field (RMF) theory with two sets of force parameters, TMA and NL Z2. Comparing the calculated binding energies and alpha decay energys with the experimental ones, it is found that theoretical results are in good agreement with experimental data. The reliability of the RMF model for even even superheavy nuclei has been tested by this comparison...     

新核素265Bh及其α衰变链上核的基态性质

运用变形的相对论平均场理论系统地探讨了新核素Bh及其va衰变链的基态性质. 对关联的处理采用了BCS方法, 不成对核子的处理运用了``阻塞"法后,所计算的结合能和四极形变符合了有限力程小液滴模型的结果, 计算表明研究的va衰 变链具有中等大小的长椭球形变; 且计算的va衰变能Q_α成功地与实验符合.在此基础上进一步研究了新核素Bh的单粒子能级.     

Alpha decay energies and half-lives for possibly synthesized superheavy elements

We investigate the ground state properties of some superheavy nuclei, which may be synthesized in future experiments. Special emphases are placed on the alpha decay energies and half-lives. The alpha decay energies and half-lives from different theoretical models are compared and discussed comprehensively. Through these calculations and comparisons, the optimal superheavy elements to be synthesized in future experiments are proposed theoretically.     

超重核292-310122同位素链的α衰变和自发裂变的竞争

基于推广的液滴模型(GLDM) 理论框架,计算了292-310122 同位素链的 衰变和自发裂变的半衰期。计算时的基本输入量为两子核的质量数和电荷数以及反应Q 值。GLDM能很好地描述重核和超重核的 衰变和自发裂变过程。计算结果表明,A < 308 时在同位素链上N = 176~184 的区域α衰变为主要衰变模式。A > 308 时在同位素链上自发裂变为主要衰变模式。308122 是α衰变和自发裂变的分界点,暗示着N = 184 为中子幻数。Based on the framework of the Generalized Liquid Droplet Model (GLDM), alpha decay and spontaneous fission half-lives for 292-310122 isotopes are studied. The calculation of the basic inputs which only need the two fragmentmass numbers, charge numbers and the Q value. GLDM can describe alpha decay and spontaneous fission the nuclei. It is found that the alpha decay is the dominant mode of decay for isotopes with mass number A < 308, and for those with A > 308 spontaneous fission is dominant. The demarcation between alpha decay and spontaneous fission is at 308122, which shows the presence of a spherical neutron shell closure at N = 184.     

Simultaneous determination of trap depth and the ratio of the rate of recombination to that of capture from thermo-luminescence

Thermo-luminescence (TL) is a kind of luminescence decay measured with varying temperature. In the process of TL the decay parameter itself involves the temperature effect of traps. Thus the trap depth is inseparable from the decay parameter. There are two separate peaks in the TL curve of ZnS:Cu,Co if the measurement starts from liquid nitrogen temperature. In the experiment we started from zero Celsius temperature to isolate the deeper traps. We have proposed and realized three methods for simultaneous determination of trap depth and decay parameter based on the quasi-equilibrium model and experimental data. If we treat the case of kinetic order \alpha =1 as \alpha =2, the error might be as large as 100%.     

Optimisation of a hybrid photoneutron source in a linear accelerator using GEANT4 and MCNPX Monte Carlo codes

The \(\alpha \) decay half-lives of hyper and normal isotopes of Po nuclei are studied in the present work. The inclusion of \(\Lambda \)–N interaction changes the half-life for \(\alpha \) decay. The theoretical predictions on the \(\alpha \) decay half-lives of normal Po isotopes are compared with experimental results and are seen to be matching well with each other. The neutron shell closure at \(N = 126\) is found to be the same for both normal and hypernuclei. The Geiger–Nuttal (G–N) law for \(\alpha \) decay is unaltered in the case of hypernuclei. The hypernuclei will decay into normal nuclei by mesonic or non-mesonic decay modes. Since the half-lives of normal Po nuclei are well within the experimental limits, our theoretical results suggest experimental verification of the \(\alpha \) emission from hyper Po nuclei in a cascade process.     

利用磁谱仪测量90Sr-90Y放射源的β衰变能谱

利用近代物理实验中的磁谱仪测量了90Sr～90Y放射源的β衰变能谱．得到的能谱和普遍的口衰变能谱相似;得到的口射线最大能量与平均能量比值和文献中给出的一些放射源的比值接近,这些都说明了该实验测量数据的可靠性．运用库里厄（Kurie）图,研究了此放射源的β衰变能谱,得到的跃迁性质和能级自旋宇称与此放射源已有的数据相吻合,说明在近代物理实验中能够利用磁谱仪测量原子核的β衰变能谱、研究原子核的跃迁性质和能级自旋宇称．     

CR-39 alpha particle spectrometry for the separation of the radon decay product 214Po from the thoron decay product 212Po

In this work, it is presented an experimental assembly based on electric capture of radionuclides in order to discriminate the alpha activity of ²¹⁴Po (radon decay product) from ²¹²Po (thoron decay product) one. The alpha activity was registered with CR-39 analyzing etch pit diameters and optical density. This discrimination may allow for the estimation of the relative contribution of the alpha activity due to thoron decay products compared to the total activity due to radon decay products.     

Anisotropic alpha decay from oriented nuclei

Starting from the formalism for alpha decay presented by Jackson and Rhoades-Brown /4/ and adapted for the decay of deformed nuclei by Berggren and Olanders /3/, we calculate half-lives and anisotropies in the alpha decay of oriented odd-mass At isotopes. The earlier results for harmonic oscillator models are compared to results for a Woods-Saxon model.