一种最简单的电滴定方法——两铂电极示波电位滴定法

利用阴极射线示波器荧光屏上示波图的突变来指示双电位滴定终点的电化学滴定法称为示波双电位滴定法。最简单的示波双电位滴定法称为零电流示波双电位滴定法。这种滴定法可在两个铂电极上进行,也可在两个银电极或两个其它金属电极上进行。在两个铂电极上进行的零电流示波双电位滴定法简称为两铂电极示波电位滴定法。两铂电极示波电位滴定法的装置见图1。将一大一小两     

示波电位滴定法测定含硫药物

示波电位滴定法是近几年发展起来的一种最简单的电滴定法,它不需要示波极谱的切口,省去示波极谱的外接线路,只需将两支指示电极直接连于示波器的输入端即可,使设备更简单,操作更方便,便于掌握和推广.示波电位滴定法可用于酸碱、氧化还原、络合及沉淀滴定中,终点指示灵敏、直观,且不受溶液的颜色和浑浊现象的干扰.在沉淀滴定中,目前应用较多的是测定含C~-、Br~-的试样.对含硫试样的分析应用很少.曾有人研究SO_4~(2-)的测定,但由于存在生成硫     

不用切口的示波极谱滴定法

利用示波极谱图上切口的出现或消失来指示滴定终点的示波极谱滴定法具有终点直观、操作简便、仪器简单和抗干扰能力强等优点,但此法要求试剂能在示波极谱图上产生敏锐的切口。在微铂电极和铂片电极上进行示波极谱氧化还原滴定时,人们往往看到在滴定终点整个示波图发生突然变化,这种变化包括整个示波图的骤然扩大或缩小以及示波图位置的骤然移动。这种整个示波图的变化如此突然、灵敏,完全可用来指示滴定终点。在这里并不要求试剂在示波极谱图上产生切口。     

固体石蜡碳糊电极示波滴定法

１引言示波滴定法是近十几年在我国迅速发展起来的一种电滴定分析方法．由于示波滴定法既具有指示剂法终点直观、测定方便的优点，又具有仪器法不受溶液颜色、沉淀的干扰，指示灵敏度高的优点，所以受到人们普遍的关注。随着示波滴定法的深入研究和广泛应用，已出现了一系列新的滴定法，如微铂电极示波计时电位滴定法，双金属电极示波电位滴定法等。作者首次提出固体石蜡碳糊电极（ＰＣＥ）示波计时电位滴定法和示波电位滴定法。以ＰＣＥ电极代替经典方法中的乘膜电极，仪器线路不变，同样可以进行示波计时电位滴定，许多物质在示波图上可产…     

示波库仑滴定

示波滴定的理论和实际应用近几年来发展较快,但过去的工作多限于常量分析。库仑滴定可获得较高的准确度和灵敏度,但常常因缺乏简便、灵敏的终点指示方法而使其应用范围受到限制。若将这两种方法结合起来,则既可弥补库仑滴定法的不足使滴定终点变得简单直观,又可使示波技术用于痕量分析。本文报道两铂电极示波电位滴定终点指示技     

交流示波极谱法中i_f～E曲线的研究 Ⅳ.示波极谱氧化还原滴定法

在i_f～E曲线的测量方法中,由于氧化和还原剂都具有电化学活性,因此,这两种试剂的量就可以通过不同电极电位处的法拉第电流峰敏锐地反映出来。当利用i_f～E曲线指示氧化还原滴定终点时,终点的示波图形,不仅反映氧化和还原剂电流峰的出现和消失,而且反     

Antilg de／dt—E曲线上的示波极谱滴定法

在示波极谱滴定中,当去极剂切口位于示波极谱图|dE/dt|的最大值附近时,利用Antilg dE/dt～E示波图来指示滴定终点能使终点变化更为敏锐。原来较难进行滴定的一些体系现在可用这种方法滴定。在50Hz的交流电频率下,用氨羧络合剂滴定了Cd~(2+)、Pb~(2+)、Zn~(2+)、Co~(2+),滴定结果符合分析要求。非线性放大还可应用于以dE/dt～E示波图的扩张或收缩来指示滴定终点的示波极谱滴定法及以荧光电位线的伸长或收缩来指示滴定终点的示波电位滴定法,以提高终点变化的敏锐性。以亚硝酸钠滴定对氨基苯磺酸为例说明了这一方法的可行性。     

盐酸黄连素示波电位滴定法的研究

黄连素(小檗碱)是一种重要的抗菌素药,用于治疗细菌性痢疾和一般炎症。现行的分析方法为碘量法,比较烦琐。本文将示波电位滴定法中的金属片电极涂上一层含活性物质的PVC膜,使电极对黄连素等有机药物产生一定的响应,可用于四苯硼酸钠直接滴定黄连素的终点指示。该方法比药典法、直接电位法更简便、直观,易推广使用,同时也扩大了示波电位滴定法的应用范围。     

再论极弱酸(碱)水溶液的直接测定

用通常的指示剂滴定法不能直接在水溶液中用强酸(碱)滴定极弱碱(酸)。陈淑萍等曾使用汞电极为工作电极,用指示剂切口的变化来指示交流示波极谱中和滴定的终点,在水溶液中直接进行极弱酸碱的滴定。但此方法存在以下缺点:(1)汞电极不适用于强酸性及氧化性溶液;(2)实验条件苛刻,要严格控制指示剂的滴数以确定滴定体积。庄建元等为了弥补汞电极的不足,进行了钻电极上的示波极谱中和滴定,但仅用HCl滴定了氨基比     

微分示波电位滴定法 Ⅱ.铂电极上Cu~(2 )的DDTC~-滴定

卜海之等报导,当铂、碳或银电极上沉积有一层Ag-TPB(TPB代表四苯硼钠离子)时,该电极对Ag~ 及TPB~-均有响应,这样的电极可用于Ag~ 及TPB~-的示波电位滴定,其滴定曲线一般为台阶形.若在线路中加一电容就可将电位曲线微分为峰形,并可以荧光点的最大位移指示滴定终点.本文报导用二乙基二硫代氨基甲酸(DDTC~-)滴定Cu~(2 ),目的在于将微分示波电位滴定法应用于一大类为数众多的沉淀反应.     

凝胶渗透色谱法测定聚丙烯腈共聚物分子量中宽分布校正法的应用

应用宽分布校正法对凝胶渗透色谱(GPC)进行了校正，将校正曲线用于聚丙烯腈(PAN)共聚物分子量的计算。对扣除色谱峰扩展效应前后的测试结果与乌氏粘度法测得的数据进行比较。结果表明，应用宽分布校正法时，必须扣除色谱峰扩展效应，才能得到较为准确的测试结果。     

热塑性塑料熔体质量流动速率测量不确定度的评定

以聚乙烯为例讨论了热塑性塑料熔体质量流动速率测量不确定度的来源,依据JJF 1059-1999对熔体流动速率测试过程中的测量不确定度分量进行了分析和评定。7149型聚乙烯熔体质量流动速率测量结果的扩展不确定度为0.096 g/(10 m in)。     

硅氧聚合度对细胞毒性的影响

本文采用家兔肺泡巨噬细胞(AM)存活率和细胞过氧化脂质(LPO)值为测定指标,研究了硅氧的聚合度对其细胞毒性的影响。结果表明:各种聚合度的硅氧都有一定的细胞毒性,聚合度愈大,细胞毒性也愈大。胶体SiO_2的粒径增大,其细胞毒性降低。十硅酸盐及粒径小于5nm的硅溶胶的细胞毒性大于α-石英。聚合度小于6的低聚硅酸及其盐、粒径18nm以上的硅溶胶以及硅胶H的毒性皆小于α-石英。本实验细胞存活率降低和过氧化脂质值升高的趋势基本一致,这表明硅氧可能主要与细胞表面膜作用,膜上磷脂等表面活性物质被氧化和变性,从而导致细胞损伤。     

糠酸阳离子交换树脂的半导体性能研究

本文根据糠酸阳离子交换树脂的红外吸收光谱和ESR,讨论了它的化学结构。认为在特定的反应条件下,糠酸呋喃环经过开环,失羧和交联反应,生成了共轭的不饱和C=C键。由ESR发现这种树脂有未成对电子,其g因子为2.0088,树脂中未成对电子是高度共轭的非定域化的,从而确定了它具有半导体性。由树脂的电阻率与温度的关系,发现这种树脂是一种本征半导体;它在不同的外加电压下,可见光和紫外光辐照时,有明显的光电效应。     

A STUDY OF THE HEAT OF HYDRATION OF SULFONIC ACID RESINS

The heat of hydration of dry sulfonic acid resin in different comcentrations of sulfuric acid has been determined. The heat of hydration of the resin in H2O is 143.4J/g(resin). The greater the concentration of sulfuric acid,the less the heat will be released.The hydrate formed from three sulfonic acid groups and one water molecule is the most stable one of all the hydrates of sulfonic acid resin and water.     

高分子交联网络空间分布非均匀性的表征

用激光散射探针技术，借非无规指数ＮＲＩ（＝［Ｒｖｖ（０）ｎｒ／［Ｒｖｖ（０）］ｒ－１）定量表征交联网络空间分布非均匀性的原理，将其用于表征重要功能高分子材料，即苯乙烯（Ｓｔ）与二乙烯苯（ＤＶＢ）交联共聚物，骨架交联网络空间分布的非均匀性的表征．ＮＲＩ值小，力学性能好．因此，ＮＲＩ可望在亚微观水平上作为衡量高分子材料力学性能优劣的指标．     

THE THEORY OF PHOTODYNAMIC THERAPY DOSIMETRY: CONSEQUENCES OF PHOTO-DESTRUCTION OF SENSITIZER

Photodynamic dose is defined as the area under the curve of sensitizer level plotted as a function of light dose. This is a photochemical definition of dose. We will show that this definition is useful in predicting photobiological response. The photodestruction of sensitizer during photodynamic therapy is shown to result in an upper limit on the photodynamic dose which can be delivered by an unlimited light dose. This limit results in the opportunity to make total photodynamic dose uniform to considerable depths (one to two centimeters). The existence of thresholds for permanent tissue damage allows protection of normal tissue from the large light doses required to achieve this limiting dose deep in the tissue. Higher sensitizer levels in the tumor permit tumor destruction while the normal tissues are protected. A clinical trial to determine the proper level of injected dose necessary for these results is required. This theory of photodynamic therapy (PDT) dosimetry is tested in the DBA-SMT experimental mouse tumor system. Combinations of drug and light which are not reciprocal but are nearly equal by this theory are shown to give equivalent tumor control at seven days post treatment. Reciprocal combinations of drug and light fail to give equivalent results when they ae selected using the theory to choose a combination where reciprocity should fail.     

THERMAL DEGRADATION OF DIMERS OF PHOSPHOLES

Abstract

The pathway followed by dimers of P-methylphospholes in their thermal degradation in solution is strongly dependent on the concentration. At low concentrations (around 0.04 M) in n-decane or toluene as solvent, decomposition is extensive after 17 h in the range 120–130°C. The major product is the P-methylphosphole from de-dimerization. At concentrations above 1.0 M, decomposition is faster and intermolecular interactions are more important. These interactions dominate over de-dimerization and lead to the loss of the bridging P in the 7-phosphanorbornene moiety to yield the cis-3a,7a-dihydrophosphindole system. From the dimer of 1,3-dimethylphosphole, isomeric dihydrophosphindoles are formed, which differ in location of the methyl group on the 6-membered ring and in configuration at phosphorus. These seem to result from attack by a phosphine group as a nucleophile on the bridging P, followed by bond rearrangements in the resulting phosphoranide ion. Decomposition was faster in the presence of tri-n-butylphosphine, which apparently acted as a catalyst through a similar mechanism. By using appropriate conditions each dihydrophosphindole isomer (1,3,5- or 1,3,7-trimethyl) could be made to predominate and this allowed their isolation. Characterization of the isomers and of some derivatives by ³¹P, ¹H, and ¹³C NMR techniques was performed. Most of the thermolysis products were highly complex mixtures and many minor products remain unidentified. The dimer of 1-phenyl-3-methyl-phosphole did not decompose to the phosphole, but the product composition was dependent on concentration.     

EFFECT OF CHEMICAL STRUCTURE OF COMONOMERS ON THE PROPERTIES OF COPOLYESTERS

The effect of different kinds of comonomers with or without flexible chain on proper-ties of copolyesters, such as transition temperature, crystallization velocity, crystallinityand size of crystallites, is studied. The experimental results indicate the obvious differ-ence in properties between comonomers with iso- and ortho-structure of phenyl ring andcomonomers with flexible chain. The influence of chemical structure of comonomers onproperties of copolyesters is discussed.     

甲苯溶剂中聚丁二烯基锂缔合度测定

本工作是甲苯-丁二烯-丁基锂聚合体系研究的一部份。在甲苯溶剂中进行聚丁二烯基锂缔合度测定,在国内外文献上尚未见报导,通过实验可以看出,聚丁二烯基锂甲苯溶液的平均缔合度,在引发剂浓度>1×10^-3mol/1范围内等于或大于2,此外用粘度法测定聚丁二烯基锂的缔合度时,如果剪切速度在12～450see^-1之间,测量结果不受剪切的影响。