非均匀介质中波的传播的一维模拟：锥形弹簧中纵波的实验研究

一、引言普物实验中,对波的传播规律的研究,都是用驻波法在均匀介质中实现的。例如弦振动实验和测定空气中声速的实验。在演示实验中,还有纵波在圆柱形弹簧中传播的实验。但都未涉及非均匀介质的情况。笔者也用驻波法,对锥形弹簧中纵波的传播规律作了实验探讨,得到了传播速度的经验公式。作为研究非均匀介质中波的传播规律的实验,它可以安排到课堂演示和普物实验教学课程中去。     

自激振荡流热管非均匀截面强化传热实验研究

本文对自激振荡流热管的传热特性及强化传热手段进行了分析,并利用高热流连续激光作为加热手段,通过改变激光器的输出功率,对等截面和非均匀截面自激振荡流热管的传热特性进行了对比实验研究。实验结果表明,非均匀截面自激振荡流热管在满足一定的前提条件下,可以明显地起到强化传热的作用。     

水蒸气超声速非平衡流动中凝结激波的形态特征

引入水蒸气非平衡相变的动力学模型,并在水蒸气真实物性的基础上,建立了水蒸气超声速非平衡流动的守恒型数值计算模型,采用对激波捕捉具有高精度和高分辨率的Roe-FDS格式,数值捕捉了水蒸气超声速流动中的非平衡相变与凝结激波。以非平衡相变中液相质量增长率为基准,将非平衡凝结相变引发的凝结激波划分为凝结激波起始发生区、凝结激波交汇区和凝结激波消退区三个区域,分析了凝结激波的形成机理,得到了凝结激波发生及发展的"X"型分布特征,并归纳了凝结激波的分区物理特性和热力学特性。     

均匀化位相的常规非稳腔的分析与实验

对常规非稳腔的输出镜面进行改造,在原来不透光的中央区域引入增透膜,使之能部分透过,使输出耦合能的比例得到提高;同时加敷适当的位相膜,使中央区与环带区波面位相拉平些.着重报导了均匀化相位常规非稳腔的系列实验和分析,从而使常规非稳腔的环带输出引起的中央不透明区与外环带输出波面的位相突变得到改善,克服了远场能量分布出现较严重离散的问题,使远场中央亮斑能量更集中.     

均匀化位相的常规非稳腔的分析与实验

 对常规非稳腔的输出镜面进行改造,在原来不透光的中央区域引入增透膜,使之能部分透过,使输出耦合能的比例得到提高;同时加敷适当的位相膜,使中央区与环带区波面位相拉平些。着重报导了均匀化相位常规非稳腔的系列实验和分析,从而使常规非稳腔的环带输出引起的中央不透明区与外环带输出波面的位相突变得到改善,克服了远场能量分布出现较严重离散的问题,使远场中央亮斑能量更集中。     

均匀化位相的常规非稳腔的分析与实验

对常规非稳腔的输出镜面进行改造,在原来不透光的中央区域引入增透膜,使之能部分透过,使输出耦合能的比例得到提高;同时加敷适当的位相膜,使中央区与环带区波面位相拉平些。着重报导了均匀化相位常规非稳腔的系列实验和分析,从而使常规非稳腔的环带输出引起的中央不透明区与外环带输出波面的位相突变得到改善,克服了远场能量分布出现较严重离散的问题,使远场中央亮斑能量更集中。     

入口非均匀气流对离心压缩机级性能的影响

利用计算软件中的UDF功能,将非均匀入口速度分布程序与CFD的核心求解器链接,实现了非均匀入口边界条件对压缩机级性能影响的数值模拟.对入口速度沿径向和切向的非均匀分布,在全量程范围内,对压缩机级多变效率、能量头系数等曲线的影响进行了对比分析,得出受入口速度非均匀性影响,压缩机内部流场和级性能的变化结果,为压缩机实际运行中变入口条件后性能的预测提供依据.     

非均匀光斑导致相变镜镜面偏转的研究

 针对高功率激光器中非均匀光斑热致变形导致光轴偏转的问题，提出用相变致冷镜作为腔镜来减小镜面变形峰谷值和角向偏转，在2kW连续二氧化碳激光器上进行了热变形和光束漂移实验。实验表明，与普通实心硅镜相比，相变致冷镜镜面温度分布更均匀，可有效地减小镜面偏转角和光斑中心漂移，提高远场光束质量。     

非均匀光斑导致相变镜镜面偏转的研究

针对高功率激光器中非均匀光斑热致变形导致光轴偏转的问题,提出用相变致冷镜作为腔镜来减小镜面变形峰谷值和角向偏转,在2kW连续二氧化碳激光器上进行了热变形和光束漂移实验。实验表明,与普通实心硅镜相比,相变致冷镜镜面温度分布更均匀,可有效地减小镜面偏转角和光斑中心漂移,提高远场光束质量。     

非均匀地表空气动力学有效粗糙度的统计特征

利用基于大气边界层Monin-Obukhov相似理论、通量守恒和质量守恒原理设计的非均匀地表空气动力学有效粗糙度计算方案, 研究了3种不同地表类型情况下有效粗糙度的统计特征, 并分析了大气层结稳定度和粗糙变率对有效粗糙度的影响. 结果表明, 有效粗糙度总是大于面积加权平均粗糙度, 大部分情况下有效拖曳系数比平均拖曳系数大10%以上; 有效粗糙度虽然和大气层结稳定度有关, 但对粗糙变率更敏感, 粗糙变率加倍将使有效粗糙度相对变化百分比达到加倍前的4倍, 有效拖曳系数相对变化百分比达到加倍前的3倍. 因此, 非均匀下垫面的数值模式中, 不能简单地采用面积加权平均粗糙度, 需要采用能表示下垫面非均匀性综合效应的有效粗糙度. 关键词： 非均匀性 有效粗糙度 粗糙变率 层结稳定度     

Features of the Ignition of a Laser Fusion Target by a Converging Shock Wave

Journal of Experimental and Theoretical Physics - The compression and burning of a fusion target ignited by a focused shock wave produced at the action of a time-profiled second harmonic laser...     

偏心对汇聚激波诱导的RM不稳定性影响的数值研究

数值研究汇聚激波与四种形状（圆形、小振幅单模、大振幅单模和正方形）的二维气柱界面相互作用,激波汇聚中心与界面同心和不同心（即偏心）时Richtmyer-Meshkov（RM）不稳定性的发展规律,重点考察界面中心的压力及混合区面积在两种情况下随时间的变化.数值方法使用VAS2D程序,该方法采用有限体积法结合网格自适应技术,能够达到时间和空间的二阶精度.结果表明,偏心情况下RM不稳定性是其在同心情况下的扰动和偏心小扰动叠加的结果.在本文采用的偏心程度下（20%）,偏心对于圆形无扰动界面发展的影响主要表现在后期界面出现微小扰动结构;而对于单模和正方形这种原本有扰动的界面,偏心使扰动结构呈现不对称及扭曲,同时也影响了界面中心压力和混合区面积,因而加剧了不稳定性的发展.     

Propagation Characteristics of Wave Packet in Non-Uniform Magnetic Fields

Experimental observations on a wave packet in a positive column of helium discharge with magnetic fields are reported. The wave packet is a kind of ionization wave and is created by applying voltage pulses to a mesh grid. When an axial non-uniform magnetic field is applied to a positive column, the plasma parameters change inhomogeneously near the magnetic coil. So various characteristics (amplitude, frequency, wavelength and so on) of the wave packet are changed at the both sides of the coil. The wavelength of the wave making up the wave packet varies continuously with a magnetic field. On the contrary, its amplitude and frequency vary remarkable near the magnetic coil, as a strong magnetic field is applied.     

Interaction of an Optical Discharge with a Shock Wave

The results of an experimental study of the impact of the focused pulsed-periodic radiation from a CO₂ laser on a gas-dynamic structure in a supersonic jet are presented. The radiation of the CO₂ laser is propagated across the stream and focused by a lens on the axis of the supersonic jet. To register the flow structure, a shadow scheme with a slit and a flat knife located along the flow is used. The image is fixed by a speed camera with an exposure time of 1.5 μs and a frame rate of 1000 1/s. In the flow, the plasma initiated by the pulsedperiodic laser is visualized in order to identify and determine the period of plasma development, as well as the motion of the initial front of the shock wave. It is shown that at the transverse input of laser radiation into the stream the periodic structure of the thermal trace is created with the formation of an unsteady shock wave from the energy release zone. At small repetition rates of laser radiation pulses, the thermal spot interacts with the flow in the pulsed mode. It is shown that elliptic nonstationary shock waves are formed only at low subsonic flow velocities and in a stationary atmosphere. The process of nonstationary ignition by an optical discharge of a methane–air mixture during a subsonic outflow into a motionless atmosphere is shown experimentally. The results of optical visualization indicate burning in the trace behind the optical discharge region.     

水下爆炸冲击波数值仿真研究

由于在水下爆炸冲击波的数值仿真研究中,水的状态方程、人工黏性系数和网格尺寸对数值计算结果影响很大,采用常规TNT炸药的水下爆炸为例,以冲击波的峰值压力和比冲量为衡量指标,研究了这3个主要影响因素对数值仿真结果的影响。首先,通过采用常用的5种水的状态方程进行系列仿真,给出了各种状态方程的适用范围;其次,讨论了人工黏性系数对计算结果的影响,并给出了一次与二次人工黏性系数的建议取值范围;最后,通过对不同炸药当量及不同网格尺寸开展系列运算,从而得到不同炸药当量在满足工程计算精度要求下所对应的建议网格尺寸,并得到了不同炸药当量所对应的建议网格尺寸的表达式。     

Time-Asymptotic Behavior of Wave Propagation Around a Viscous Shock Profile

We study the nonlinear stability of shock waves for viscous conservation laws. Our approach is based on a new construction of a fundamental solution for a linearized system around a shock profile. We obtain, for the first time, the pointwise estimates of nonlinear wave interactions across a shock wave. Our results apply to all ranges of weak shock waves and small perturbations. In particular, our results reduce to the time-asymptotic behavior of constant state perturbation, uniformly as the strength of the shock wave tends to zero. The research of the first author was partially supported by NSC Grant 96-2628-M-001-011 and NSF Grant DMS-0709248. The research of the second author was partially supported by NSF Grant DMS-0207154 and UAB Advance Program, sponsored by NSF.     

一种准二维柱面爆炸波加载装置的设计与验证

基于竖直爆轰管和径向Hele-Shaw Cell,设计并搭建了一套准二维柱面爆炸波加载装置,可以实现对Hele-Shaw Cell内部材料界面的径向冲击加载.竖直爆轰管内部的预混气体在底部点燃后,形成向上传播的冲击波,冲击波冲破爆轰管开口与Hele-Shaw Cell底板开孔之间的隔膜后,被Hele-Shaw Cell...     

Modeling and Simulation of Gruneisen Parameter for a Shock Wave

Russian Physics Journal - The paper presents modeling and simulation of the Gruneisen parameter depending on the volume and temperature using the principal Hugoniot, isentropes and the Gruneisen...     

Structure of a Converging Rarefaction Wave and Development of Cavitation Beyond Its Front in a Multiphase Liquid

Acoustical Physics - An experimental analysis of the flow structure and dynamics of the formation of a quasi-empty discontinuity upon shock excitation of a liquid layer showed that closure of the...     

Re-Reflections of an Elastic Precursor of a Shock Wave in Solids

Doklady Physics - By the example of experimental data on the reflection of an elastic–plastic shock wave from a free surface of a steel or aluminum-alloy plate, the conditions and...