平面晶体积分衍射效率实验标定

平面晶体谱仪是激光等离子体X光光谱重要诊断设备之一,X光光谱的半定量或定量化诊断需要对平面晶体的一些重要参数如积分衍射效率、晶体扭摆曲线半高宽等进行标定。利用北京高能物理研究所同步辐射室的3B3中能束线作为X光光源,对PET平面晶体进行了实验标定,并对实验标定结果进行了分析,得到了2.1~6.0 keV范围内各能点处的晶体衍射效率。实验结果与其它文献符合得很好。     

液晶衍射现象的实验研究

研究了液晶光学器件的衍射现象,实验表明,在一定的电压区间,出射光会出现周期性结构的衍射图样,探讨了这种衍射与液晶结构之间的关系以及各衍射光斑的偏振特性.     

基于XRD的晶体温度计的设计及其应用

在XRD衍射仪上搭建控温测温装置,扫描不同温度下的晶体衍射图谱,得到晶面间距随温度的变化关系,设计了基于XRD的晶体温度计.使用该温度计获得了VO2的相变温度.     

Neutron forward diffraction by single crystal prisms

We have derived analytic expressions for the deflection as well as transmitted fraction of monochromatic neutrons forward diffracted by a single crystal prism. In the vicinity of a Bragg reflection, the neutron deflection deviates sharply from that for an amorphous prism, exhibiting three orders of magnitude greater sensitivity to the incidence angle. We have measured the variation of neutron deflection and transmission across a Bragg reflection, for several single crystal prisms. The results agree well with theory.      

晶体X射线劳厄衍射分束特性研究

本文基于X射线衍射动力学分析了劳厄晶体的分束特性,模拟了晶体吸收和入射光角发散对于透射光和衍射光摇摆曲线的影响,定量给出晶体衍射面内角调节范围和晶体加工厚度对于劳厄衍射分束比的调制.在实验中,采用分析晶体和分束晶体的消色散配置限制入射光角发散的影响,实现300μm厚Si(220)晶体面内角调节劳厄衍射分束的精确测量,并得到300μm, 400μm和500μm厚度Si晶体分束比的调节范围,实现了透射光和衍射光强度的定量调制.     

劳厄对晶体衍射的发现

介绍了劳厄提出晶体衍射思想的科学背景及当时的实验过程,并探讨在劳厄发现晶体衍射的过程中其科学思想的形成及X射线晶体衍射的发现带给我们的启示及影响．     

Analytical solution of the fundamental space filling mode of photonic crystal fibers

Analytical solution of the fundamental space filling mode of photonic crystal fibers is revisited based on previous results by Midrio et al. [J Lightwave Technol 2000;18(7):1031–7]. The fundamental space filling mode is designated HE₁₁ mode following the conventional mode classification. A comparison is made between the vectorial method and the scalar method when identical parameters are used in the analytical solution. A more accurate radius of the equivalent circular unit cell is determined.     

Single crystal neutron diffraction study of triglycine sulphate revisited

In order to get the exact hydrogen-bonding scheme in triglycine sulphate (TGS), which is an important hydrogen bonded ferroelectric, a single crystal neutron diffraction study was undertaken. The structure was refined to an R-factor of R[F ²] = 0.034. Earlier neutron structure of TGS was reported with a very limited data set and large standard deviations. The differences between the present and the earlier reported neutron structure of TGS are discussed.      

球透镜的衍射焦斑强度分布研究

根据国内外光通信耦合器件发展的趋势,研制了一种新型玻璃,依靠液体表面张力的作用,首次采用槽沉法来制备球透镜,得到了理想的效果。通过对直径为0.8mm的球透镜的焦斑强度分布进行研究,结果表明:当通光孔径分别为0.2mm,0.4mm和0.8mm时,球透镜的衍射焦斑强度的分布分别为0.2μm,0.4μm和1.0μm。因此,伴随着通光孔径的增加,球透镜的衍射焦斑强度分布增大,衍射的强度减小。     

全息聚合物弥散液晶材料衍射特性的优化

研究了影响全息聚合物弥散液晶(HPDLC)衍射效率的主要因素，分析了衍射效率与聚合物单体的选择、曝光强度、曝光时间、液晶含量及温度的依赖关系，从而找到最佳条件，使衍射特性得到优化.目前测得的最大衍射效率为802%.实验中还研究了扫描电镜(SEM)观察下HPDLC的表面形貌.     

Measurement of integral diffraction coefficients of crystals on beamline 4B7 of Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility

Integral diffraction coefficients of the crystal are the essential data of a crystal spectrometer which is extensively used to measure quantitative x-ray spectra of high temperature plasmas in kilo-electron-volt region. An experimental method has been developed to measure the integral diffraction coefficients of crystals on beamline 4B7 of Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility. The integral diffraction coefficients of several crystals including polyethylene terephthalate (PET), thallium acid phthalate (TlAP) and rubidium acid phthalate (RAP) crystals have been measured in the x-ray energy range 2100--5600 eV and compared with the calculations of the 'Darwin Prins' and the 'Mosaic' models. It is shown that the integral diffraction coefficients of these crystals are between the calculations of the 'Darwin Prins' and the 'Mosaic' models, but more close to the `Darwin Prins' model calculations.     

Thiourea-doped ammonium dihydrogen phosphate: A single crystal neutron diffraction investigation

Thiourea-doped ammonium dihydrogen phosphate (TADP) exhibits nonlinear optical property and the second harmonic generation efficiency of these crystals is three times that of pure ammonium dihydrogen phosphate (ADP) crystal. In this context, the study of structural distortion in the thiourea-doped ADP crystal is significant, hence single neutron diffraction investigations were undertaken. The final R-factors are: R[F ² > 2σ(F ²)] = 0.11, Goodness of fit(S) = 1.15. Though the dopant could not be located from the difference Fourier map, the cell parameters (a = b = 7.531(3) A, c = 7.544(5) Å) were found to be significantly greater than that of pure ADP at RT (a = b = 7.502(1) Å, c = 7.546(1) Å). This indicates that the dopant concentration in the crystals is small but enough to bring changes in the overall average structure.     

X-ray diffraction in AT-cut quartz single crystal at acoustic excitation at the fundamental frequency

X-ray diffraction on different atomic planes of an AT-cut quartz crystal is studied experimentally in the Laue geometry in case of excitation by acoustic waves at the first resonant (fundamental) frequency. Acoustic waves lead to an increase in the integral intensity of the reflection-diffracted beam. The amplification coefficients in reflection are measured in dependence on the amplitude of a.c. voltage applied to the crystal at the resonant frequency. The frontal distributions of the intensity of the beam diffracted in the reflection direction are obtained for different atomic planes.     

Pixel size and pitch measurements of liquid crystal spatial light modulator by optical diffraction

We present a simple technique for the determination of pixel size and pitch of liquid crystal (LC) based spatial light modulator (SLM). The proposed method is based on optical diffraction from pixelated LC panel that has been modeled as a two-dimensional array of rectangular apertures. A novel yet simple, two-plane measurement technique is implemented to circumvent the difficulty in absolute distance measurement. Experimental results are presented for electrically addressed twisted nematic LC-SLM removed from the display projector.     

X射线双晶衍射技术的发展及应用

简要介绍了X射线双晶衍射技术的原理;描述了双晶衍射技术的发展与演化,中简要讲述了多晶衍射技术的应用范围及应用鑫晶衍射仪所能做的工作。     

中子衍射分析时效处理对镍基单晶高温合金相结构的影响

采用φ振荡和φ固定两种数据采集模式的中子衍射实验结果表明较高的时效温度对消除枝晶最有效,微应变(晶粒区域间的变形不协调性)主要存在于γ'相.利用中子衍射结合扫描电子显微镜对合金的微观组织形貌进行了细致观察,给出了时效温度和时间对γ'相的影响状况,超晶格测量发现了γ'相晶粒之间出现的独特取向差.由不同晶面的中子衍射结果判断时效后合金出现了轻微的四方对称性(a < c)畸变,对这种畸变起主要作用的是基体相.实验结果同时证实了不同方向的应变差异,因而为筏化驱动模型的定量 关键词： 单晶高温合金 中子衍射 超晶格 时效处理     

软X光谱学光子筛衍射特性的实验表征

概述了谱学光子筛的设计原理,计算了其透射率,并对设计的软X光谱学光子筛的衍射模式在光学波段进行了模拟计算和实验表征。结果表明,这种新型色散元件具有良好的、与设计预期一致的单级衍射特性,3级及以上的高级衍射能被有效抑制。与传统的透射光栅和以前设计的单级衍射光栅相比,新设计的软X光谱学光子筛更易于实现自支撑,可望在极紫外和软X光谱测量过程中得到广泛应用。     

A novel single-order diffraction grating: Random position rectangle grating

Spectral diagnosis of radiation from laser plasma interaction and monochromation of radiation source are hot and important topics recently. Grating is one of the primary optical elements to do this job. Although easy to fabricate, traditional diffraction grating suffers from multi-order diffraction contamination. On the other hand, sinusoidal amplitude grating has the nonharmonic diffraction property, but it is too difficult to fabricate, especially for x-ray application. A novel nonharmonic diffraction grating named random position rectangle grating(RPRG) is proposed in this paper. Theoretical analysis and experiment results show that the RPRG is both higher order diffraction suppressing and not difficult to fabricate. Additionally, it is highly efficient; its first order absolute theoretical diffraction efficiency reaches 4.1%. Our result shows that RPRG is a novel tool for radiation diagnosis and monochromation.     

诊断LiF单晶弹性变形的瞬态X射线衍射

利用瞬态X射线衍射技术对LiF单晶沿晶向［100］方向冲击加载的晶格变形进行了诊断研究。实验在神光Ⅱ装置的球形靶上进行,北四路激光驱动Cu靶获得的类He线作为X射线背光源,第九路为加载光源,对大小为7 mm7 mm、厚300 m的受激光加载的LiF单晶衍射,实验获得了LiF单晶晶面(200)压缩和未压缩状态的衍射信号。实验结果表明：LiF单晶在激光沿［100］方向冲击加载下,晶格发生了弹性变形,(200)晶面间距变小,衍射线上移,晶格压缩量为11%;该瞬态X射线衍射技术可用于冲击加载下的微观动态响应特性测量。     

Retrieval of the atomic displacements in the crystal from the coherent X‐ray diffraction pattern

The retrieval of spatially resolved atomic displacements is investigated via the phases of the direct(real)‐space image reconstructed from the strained crystal's coherent X‐ray diffraction pattern. It is demonstrated that limiting the spatial variation of the first‐ and second‐order spatial displacement derivatives improves convergence of the iterative phase‐retrieval algorithm for displacements reconstructions to the true solution. This approach is exploited to retrieve the displacement in a periodic array of silicon lines isolated by silicon dioxide filled trenches.