减缩频率和平均攻角对俯仰振荡翼型影响分析

本文以NACA0012翼型为研究对象,采用混合网格划分方法和SST κ-ω湍流模型,数值模拟了雷诺数Re=2.7×10~5条件下减缩频率和平均攻角对翼型俯仰振荡气动特性的影响。结果表明:翼型俯仰运动时的平均升力系数均低于静态条件下的升力系数;减缩频率对翼型下行段气动特性影响最为显著,当减缩频率较小时,翼型刚开始下行运动,出现流动分离越显著,这导致平均升力系数与静态条件下升力系数差值变大;平均攻角越大,俯仰运动时的最大升力系数越小;翼型俯仰运动上行段升力系数大,主要是因为前缘流动加速剧烈,增大了上下表面压差。     

环量控制翼型动态失速特性研究

本文用数值求解二维可压非定常Ｎａｖｉｅｒ－Ｓｔｏｋｅｓ方程的方法研究了环量控制翼型的动态失速特性．揭示了环量控制翼型在以不同吹气动量系数、不同频率做俯仰振荡时的动态失速特征．指出吹气动量系数对环量控制翼型动态失速的特性有很大影响,同时,振荡频率的影响与传统翼型相比也有不同．进一步分析了其失速的机理．     

波状前缘对风力机翼型失速性能影响数值分析

为研究仿生波状前缘对翼型失速性能的影响,本文采用S-A湍流模型,对风力机翼型NACA634-021(光滑前缘)以及对应的正弦波状前缘仿生翼型的绕流流场进行了数值模拟。结果表明,光滑翼型在20°攻角附近发生深度失速,升力系数骤然下降;而波状前缘仿生翼型有效改善了失速特性,升力系数变化较平稳,在大攻角下高于光滑翼型。通过流场分析发现光滑翼型失速前后升力系数骤然下降的主要原因在于前缘压力面和吸力面的压差大幅度下降,而仿生翼型改变了前缘的压力分布特性,进而改变了大攻角下的分离特性,促进流向涡对的产生和发展,使得凸峰附近保持附着流动,进而提高升力。     

涡发生器对风力机翼型动态失速的影响

基于计算流体力学方法(CFD),对带/不带涡发生器的风力机翼型DU-97-W-300的静态和动态气动特性进行了数值研究,在数值计算的静态升力系数与实验值吻合较好的前提下,分析了其动态失速过程中气动性能的迟滞变化规律。干净翼型在攻角减小中的气动性能呈现周期性波动,涡发生器可以有效控制分离流动,明显提升翼型动态过程中的气动性能.     

垂直轴风力机翼型动态气动特性研究

目前针对垂直轴风力机翼型动态气动特性研究尚缺乏充分的实验数据支持,本文基于Qing'anLi等的风力机实验对翼型动态气动特性展开研究。根据叶片切向力系数与法向力系数的实验数据,基于叶素理论,处理得到三种尖速比下NACA0021翼型的升阻力系数与方位角、攻角的关系曲线。研究结果表明;翼型的动态气动特性显著异于静态气动特性。不同尖速比的动态气动特性十分相似。攻角处于正攻角上升态时,失速起于43°,完全失速发生在52°,最大升力点在47°;升力系数变化趋势为近似的线性上升、线性下降;阻力系数经历近似的零保持、线性上升、陡然上升、峰值保持四个阶段。     

风力机专用翼型的反设计

本文根据翼型表面压力分布对边界层的影响,分析翼型表面压力分布的特点,以XFOIL计算软件为设计平台,采用其中的混合反设计模块,通过合理改变翼型表面的速度分布来得到气动特性满意的翼型。所设计的翼型主要要求具有高的设计升力系数、高的最大升阻比、良好的前缘粗糙不敏感性及和缓的失速特性。在提高设计升力系数的同时限制最大升力系数,以减小两者的差值,减小叶片的极限载荷。经计算分析,采用反设计优化得到的翼型与DU翼型相比具有很好气动特性。     

水平轴风力机专用翼型族试验分析及优化设计

对水平轴风力机专用翼型族—CAS-W1-XXX薄翼型族试验结果进行了分析,并将其与国外同等厚度翼型进行对比。试验结果表明,与国外同等厚度翼型相比CAS-W1-XXX薄翼型具有良好的前缘粗糙不敏感性、高的最大升力系数、设计升力系数和良好的失速特性。为进一步提高翼型的气动特性,在试验结果的基础上对CAS-W1-XXX薄翼型族进行再次优化。根据XFOIL计算结果,优化后翼型的最大升阻比得到提高,并且与DU翼型相比具有良好的气动特性。同时对CAS-W1-XXX厚翼型中出现的小攻角失速现象进行了优化改进。     

湍流强度对风力机翼型气动性能的影响

本文通过采用Transition-SST湍流模型对UMY02-T01-26风电机组专用翼型绕流流场的数值计算,探究了湍流强度对风力机翼型气动性能的影响。结果表明,随着湍流强度的提高,翼型升力系数由前缘失速转变为混合失速。在一定的攻角范围内,升力系数略有增大。对于攻角处于升力系数非线性增长区域范围内,湍流强度的增大导致翼型壁面最大负压值增大。当湍流强度变化时,其壁面上出现层流分离泡的位置大小随之发生变化。此外,本文通过流场分析进一步确定了层流分离泡的产生与变化。     

YLSG 107高升力翼型主动流动控制的数值模拟

数值模拟零质量射流与YLSG 107翼型绕流的干扰流场,探讨零质量射流在高升力翼型失速控制中的控制效果、控制特性及控制机理.数值模拟以积分形式雷诺平均Navier-Stokes(N-S)方程为控制方程,采用格心有限体积法进行求解.通过在喷口上施加非定常边界吹/吸边界条件模拟射流对翼型绕流的干扰.采用与风洞实验相同的来流状态和控制参数进行数值模拟,得到与实验相吻合的结果.为进一步研究控制特性和控制规律、提出改进的实验方案,研究不同动量系数、不同射流偏角对控制效果的影响,并对法向射流和近切向射流进行较深入的比较.研究表明,先前的风洞实验对应的射流动量系数(0.000 014)偏小是控制效果不显著的重要原因之一,必须达到0.001以上才有明显控制效果(射流动量系数为0.005时可使该翼型失速迎角增大2°,最大升力提高8.7%);近切向射流在失速控制方面明显优于法向射流.     

振荡射流改善翼型气动性能的实验研究

本文针对采用振荡射流控制流动分离改善大攻角下翼型气动特性的问题,在NACA0015翼型上进行了多种工况的风洞实验。结果表明:在失速攻角附近,振荡射流抑制流动分离提高翼型升力系数的作用十分明显,可将翼型失速攻角推迟2°左右。存在最佳的振荡射流频率段、射流动量范围和射流位置,使得翼型性能的改善最大。实验还得到了振荡射流的频率、动量和施加位置等参数对翼型气动性能的影响规律。     

Aerodynamic and energy-efficiency-based assessment of plasma actuator's position on a NACA0015 airfoil

In recent years, there has been an increase in the number of research papers on plasma and its use in active flow control applications. The main objective of this study is to assess the plasma actuator's position on a NACA0015 airfoil in terms of aerodynamic forces. In addition, optimization of the plasma actuator's position and its configuration are studied in order to identify the optimum configuration for improvement in lift coefficient. The experiments are conducted in an open-suction-type wind tunnel at Reynolds numbers of 48,000, 75,000, and 100,000. The plasma actuators are mounted on various positions (x/C) starting from the leading edge to trailing edge of the airfoil. The experimental results on aerodynamic force measurement are presented to illustrate the increasing lift effect of the generated plasma. It is also shown that the plasma actuators used as an active flow control device appears to shift the stall angle of the airfoil. The results of the experimental study suggest that the energy efficiency of airborne systems can be improved with the use of plasma actuators due to its increasing lift coefficient effect. This result becomes a vital finding considering that the same flight can be achieved with less fuel and less amount of environmental pollution for the same distance of journey. It is also worth mentioning that increasing lift effect would mean taking off from a shorter runway or allowing the airborne vehicle with the ability to fly with additional payload.     

Unmanned air vehicle flow separation control using dielectric barrier discharge plasma at high wind speed

The present paper described an experimental investigation of separation control of an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle(UAV)at high wind speeds.The plasma actuator was based on Dielectric Barrier Discharge(DBD)and operated in a steady manner.The flow over a wing of UAV was performed with smoke flow visualization in theΦ0.75 m low speed wind tunnel to reveal the flow structure over the wing so that the locations of plasma actuators could be optimized.A full model of the UAV was experimentally investigated in theΦ3.2 m low speed wind tunnel using a six-component internal strain gauge balance.The effects of the key parameters,including the locations of the plasma actuators,the applied voltage amplitude and the operating frequency,were obtained.The whole test model was made of aluminium and acted as a cathode of the actuator.The results showed that the plasma acting on the surface of UAV could obviously suppress the boundary layer separation and reduce the model vibration at the high wind speeds.It was found that the maximum lift coefficient of the UAV was increased by 2.5%and the lift/drag ratio was increased by about 80%at the wind speed of 100 m/s.The control mechanism of the plasma actuator at the test configuration was also analyzed.     

风力机翼型在失速工况下非定常流场的本征正交分解分析

风力机气动性能受静态失速与动态失速影响很大,对风力机翼型的失速问题研究具有重要意义。本文通过计算流体力学方法得到的风力机翼型在固定大攻角工况,以及大攻角震荡工况下的非定常流场,来研究翼型静态失速与动态失速。采用本征正交分解方法(POD),对非定常流场降阶,得到流场的POD模态以及对应的系数。POD模态结果表明在静态失速下,主要非定常流动结构是尾迹区域交替脱落的涡结构;在动态失速下,除了尾迹区域,前缘和整个吸力面都存在流动分离结构。     

磁加速等离子体激励器激励特性

为了增强等离子体激励器的扰动能力、提升等离子体气动激励的控制效果,采用高压探针、烟流显示和PIV流场测试等多种研究手段,开展了磁场加速等离子体激励器特性研究,获得了激励器不同时刻的放电图像,分析了磁场强度对激励器电学特性与诱导流场特性的影响规律.结果表明,（1）放电等离子体的定向运动速度与磁场强度成正比,磁加速等离子体的最大移动速度达到了6 m/s;（2）通过对不同剖面的诱导流场进行研究发现,磁场加速等离子体激励器能够在近壁区产生一系列涡结构.此外,该诱导流场具有显著的三维特征与非定常特性.研究结果为开展基于磁加速等离子体气动激励的流动控制奠定了基础.      

离体射流对S809翼型气动性能的影响

在Re=5×106的条件下,分别在S809翼型前缘点附近不同位置处设置离体射流装置,改变射流动量的大小和射流口宽度,探究其对S809翼型气动性能的影响.并通过流场分析,研究这种流动控制手段有效的物理机理.结果表明:在射流装置位置和射流口宽度固定时,射流动量的大小对控制效果影响显著;在S809翼型表面附近设置微小离体射流...     

等离子体激励翼型分离流动控制数值模拟

文章利用CFD软件FLUENT中的自定义函数接口, 将等离子体对中性气体的激励作用模型化为体积力引入Navier-Stokes方程, 研究了等离子体气动激励诱导的平板射流, 以及介质阻挡放电(dielectric barrier discharge, DBD)等离子体激励对NACA0015翼型大迎角分离流的控制作用.计算分析表明, 多对电极等离子体激励器可以有效控制NACA0015翼型大迎角分离流动.      

Metal nanowires fabricated by means of magnetostrictive actuator

A new method of fabricating nanowires for electric conductance quantization studies is proposed as an alternative to the method based on converse piezoelectric effect. Commonly used for nanowire fabrication, piezoelectric actuators are expensive and require high-level voltage control signal. The method presented in this paper is based on the use of magnetostrictive actuator. Both the actuator structure and the method of the conversion factor measurement are discussed. The results of the tests of the magnetostrictive actuator are also reported. The parameters of the proposed actuator are compared with those of its piezoelectric counterpart used to date. The results of measurement confirm that the proposed actuator can be used for studying electric conductance quantization in nanowires. Presented at the X-th Symposium on Surface Physics, Prague, Czech Republic, July 11–15, 2005     

Multimode Active Control of Friction,Dynamic Ratchets and Actuators

Active control of friction by ultrasonic vibration is a well-known effect with numerous technical applications ranging from press forming to micromechanical actuators. Reduction of friction is observed with vibration applied in any of the three possible directions (normal to the contact plane, in the direction of motion and in-plane transverse). In this work, we consider the multi-mode active control of sliding friction, where phase-shifted oscillations in two or more directions act at the same time. Our analysis is based on a macroscopic contact-mechanical model that was recently shown to be well-suited for describing dynamic frictional processes. For simplicity, we limit our analysis to a constant, load-independent normal and tangential stiffness and two superimposed phase-shifted harmonic oscillations, one of them being normal to the plane and the other in the direction of motion. As in previous works utilizing the present model, we assume a constant local coefficient of friction, with reduction of the observed force of friction arising entirely from the macroscopic dynamics of the system. Our numerical simulations show that the resulting law of friction is determined by just three dimensionless parameters. Depending on the values of these parameters, three qualitatively different types of behavior are observed: (a) symmetric velocity-dependence of the coefficient of friction (same for positive and negative velocities), (b) asymmetric dependence with respect to the sign of the velocity, but with zero force at zero velocity, and (c) asymmetric dependence with nonzero force at zero velocity. The latter two cases can be interpreted as a "dynamic ratchet" (b) and an actuator (c).