磁性纳米结构中由激光引起的超快自旋动力学研究

以单个磁性中心的NiO以及由Co和Ni等元素构成的双磁性中心的纳米结构为例,总结了近年所做的主要工作.为了在理论上实现磁性纳米结构中的超快自旋翻转和转移,提出了一种称为Λ进程(Λ process)的超快自旋转换机理.在实际计算中,首先采用量子化学第一性原理计算得到磁性纳米结构中精确的隙间d电子态,然后考虑外加磁场和自旋轨道耦合分析磁性原子中的自旋局域化程度,最后引入激光脉冲项,研究在其作用下材料的自旋态经由Λ进程实现转换的时间历程.研究结果表明自旋翻转和转移可以在线偏振光的作用下在亚皮秒的时间尺度内完成. 关键词： 超快自旋动力学 第一性原理计算 Λ进程 磁性纳米结构     

磁霍普夫子及其三维自旋动力学研究

磁霍普夫子是一类新兴的三维磁拓扑孤子,具有精妙的三维自旋拓扑结构,可以展现丰富新奇的物理特性。随着最近磁霍普夫子研究的兴起,三维拓扑孤子相关的研究也进入了一个新的阶段。文章将简要介绍如何在固体磁性系统中实现稳定的磁霍普夫子,同时针对一个最简单的霍普夫子自旋结构,讨论其有趣的三维自旋动力学特性,为今后进一步研究霍普夫子和推进三维拓扑自旋电子学的发展抛砖引玉。     

Quantum Nucleation of Antiferromagnetic Bubbles with Tetragonal and Hexagonal Symmetries

We study the quantum nucleation in a nanometer-scale antiferromagnet placed in a magnetic field at an arbitrary angle. We consider the magnetocrystalline anisotropy with tetragonal symmetry and that with hexagonal symmetry, respectively. Different structures of the tunneling barriers can be generated by the magnitude and the orientation of the magnetic field. We use the instanton method in the spin-coherent-state path-integral representation to calculate the dependence of the rate of quantum nucleation and the crossover temperature on the orientation and strength of the field for bulk solids and two-dimensional films of antiferromagnets, respectively. We find that the rate of quantum nucleation and the crossover temperature from thermal-to-quantum transitions depend on the orientation and strength of the external magnetic field distinctly, which can be tested by use of existing experimental techniques.     

铁基超导体中的反铁磁序和自旋动力学

类似于其他非常规超导材料,铁基高温超导电性通常出现在静态长程反铁磁序被抑制之后,并且强烈的自旋涨落始终与超导电性相伴相生,因此理解磁性相互作用是建立铁基超导微观机理的重要前提.中子散射作为研究凝聚态物质中磁性相互作用的有力工具,在揭示铁基超导电性的磁性起源方面起到了关键作用.本文系统总结了近十年来铁基超导材料的中子散射研究结果,包括铁基超导材料中的静态磁结构、磁性相变、动态磁激发、电子向列相等,并探讨它们与超导电性之间的关系.     

Magnetic skyrmion dynamics in thin cylindrical dots

We calculate high‐frequency spin excitations of the skyrmion ground state cylindrical magnetic dots. The skyrmion is assumed to be stabilized at room temperature due to interplay of the isotropic and Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya exchange interactions, perpendicular magnetic anisotropy and magnetostatic interaction. The Skyrmion ground state is represented as combination of two radially symmetric bubble domains. To consider the Bloch‐ and Néel‐type magnetic skyrmion dynamics we apply an approximation of ultrathin domain wall between the circular domains and assume that the magnetic dot is thin enough (magnetization does not depend on the thickness coordinate). The eigenfunctions/eigenfrequencies of spin wave excitations over the skyrmion background are calculated as a function of the skyrmion radius. The developed approach allows predicting spin wave eigenfrequencies in the skyrmion ground state magnetic dots. Recent experiments on magnetic skyrmion dynamics are discussed. (© 2016 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH &Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

CdTe/CdS核壳结构量子点超快载流子动力学

在水相合成CdTe以及CdTe/CdS核壳结构量子点基础上, 利用基于抽运-探测技术的瞬态差分透射技术研究了CdTe量子点以及不同CdS壳层厚度的CdTe/CdS量子点的最低激子能态的超快激发与弛豫动力学. 研究表明:相比于CdTe,CdTe/CdS量子点的电子空穴由于空间分离,其所需的激发时间要长于电子空穴空间重叠态所需要的激发时间.随着壳层厚度的增加, 量子点表面的钝化有效地减少了表面态相关弛豫机理,并延长相对应的弛豫时间.     

The anisotropy of Gd－Fe exchange interaction for Gd2Fe17 and Gd2Fe17H3

The magnetization curves along the crystal axes for Gd_2Fe_{17} and Gd_2Fe_{17}H_3 were analysed based on the single-ion model. If the Gd－Fe exchange interaction has been taken as isotropic as usual, the fitted values of magneto-crystalline anisotropy of the Fe sublattices in Gd_2Fe_{17} and Gd_2Fe_{17}H_3 would become unreasonably different from those of the corresponding Y or Lu compounds. It was shown that the large difference is caused by the neglect of the anisotropy of the Gd－Fe exchange interaction.     

Thermal control magnetic switching dominated by spin reorientation transition in Mn-doped PrFeO3 single crystals

Spin reorientation transition (SRT) has attracted substantial attention due to its important role in the ultrafast control of spins. However, the transition temperature is usually too low for its practical applications. Here, we demonstrate the ability to modulate the SRT temperature in PrFe_1−xMnxO₃ single crystals from 196 K to 317 K across the room temperature by varying the Mn concentration. Interestingly, the Γ₄ to Γ₁ spin reorientation of the Mn-doped PrFeO₃ is distinct from the Γ₄ to Γ₂ spin reorientation transition as in the parent material. Because of the coupling between rare-earth ions and transition-metal ions in determining the SRT temperature, the demonstrated control scheme of spin reorientation transition temperature by Mn-doping is expected to be used in temperature control magnetic switching devices and applicable to many other rare-earth orthoferrites.     

Ultrafast spin dynamics of an individual CoPt3 ferromagnetic dot

We have studied the ultrafast magneto-optical response of CoPt₃ ferromagnetic nanodots with diameters ranging from 0.2 to 1 μm. Our experiments combine an accurate temporal resolution using femtosecond laser pulses and a high spatial resolution ( 300 nm) obtained with a reflective confocal Kerr microscope. Our experimental approach allows exploring the dynamics of the magnetization of magnetic nanostructures over a broad temporal scale ranging from 100 fs to 1 ns. We report the corresponding relaxation behavior of the electrons and the spins initially excited with a large excess energy above the Fermi level.     

基于IrMn/Fe/Pt交换偏置结构的无场自旋太赫兹源

与目前商用的太赫兹源相比,自旋太赫兹源具有超宽频谱、固态稳定以及成本低廉等优点,这使其成为下一代太赫兹源的主要研究焦点.但使用自旋太赫兹源时,通常需要外加磁场使铁磁层的磁化强度饱和,才能产生太赫兹波,这制约了其应用前景.基于此,本文制备了一种基于Ir Mn/Fe/Pt交换偏置结构的自旋太赫兹波发生器,通过Ir Mn/Fe中的交换偏置场和Fe/Pt中的超快自旋流注入与逆自旋霍尔效应相结合,在无外加磁场下产生了强度可观的太赫兹波.在Ir Mn和Fe的界面中插入超薄的Cu,可以使Fe在厚度很薄时零场下实现饱和磁化,并且其正向饱和场最高可达–10 m T,从而进一步提升无场下的太赫兹发射效率.零场下出射的太赫兹波的动态范围超过60 d B,达到可实用化的水平.通过旋转样品,发现产生的太赫兹波的偏振方向也会随之旋转,并且始终沿着面内垂直于交换偏置场的方向.此外,在此交换偏置结构的基础上,引入了一层自由的铁磁金属层Fe,设计了一种以Ir Mn/Fe/Pt/Fe为核心结构的自旋阀太赫兹源,发现产生的太赫兹强度在两层铁磁层反平行排列时比平行排列以及不引入自由铁磁金属层时均大约提升了40%.结果表明,基...     

Photo-induced magnetic-solitons and spin dynamics in diluted magnetic semiconductor quantum wells

The localization mechanism of transport property in the randomly distributed system of the hole-induced magnetic solitons with the alloy potential fluctuations in diluted magnetic semiconductors has been proposed, by using the effective Lagrangian of diffusion modes. The mechanism of the long relaxation of the spin dynamics below Curie temperature in diluted magnetic semiconductor wells and the bulk system has been discussed.     

Laser‐induced magnetisation dynamics in La0.7Sr0.3MnO3/SrRuO3 superlattices

Laser‐induced magnetisation dynamics of a La_0.7Sr_0.3MnO₃/SrRuO₃ superlattice is studied by means of a single‐colour optical pump‐probe technique. Significant differences in the magnetisation dynamics of a superlattice with respect to the single layers of constituent materials are demonstrated. Below the Curie temperature T_C of SrRuO₃, laser‐induced ultrafast demagnetisation is found to be followed by a uniform precession of the magnetisation around its new equilibrium. The data is described within a simple model based on a displacive excitation of a precessional magnetisation dynamics. The model is shown to give a good fit to the experimental data. As the initial temperature approaches T_C, the oscillations get suppressed and eventually vanish. The magnetisation dynamics is shown to depend on whether the two distinct magnetisation vectors in the superlattice are ferromagnetically or antiferromagnetically aligned. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH &Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

Antiferromagnetic order and spin glass behavior in Dy2CuIn3

The magnetic properties of the intermetallic compound Dy₂CuIn₃ have been investigated. Ac and dc-susceptibility measurements indicate an onset of antiferromagnetic ordering at T_N=19.5 K and an additional frequency dependent transition at T_ds∼9 K. Neutron diffraction studies confirm the ordered transition at 19.5±1 K. The magnetic unit cell can be described by the propagation vector k=(0.25,0.25,0) with the magnetic moment μ=2.63(4)μ_B/Dy³⁺ parallel to the c-axis. Nevertheless, neutron diffraction reveals no additional magnetic phase transition around or below 9 K, which suggests that, at lower temperatures, a spin glass state may be formed in coexistence with the antiferromagnetic mode as a result of frustration and the antagonism between ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic exchange interactions.     

Electron charge distribution in an Fe/Ag heterostructure. Molecular dynamics and Debey-Hueckel calculations

This work analyses the electronic structure of an Fe/Ag heterostructure by using a simulation method which combines classic molecular dynamics with a calculation of the valence electron orbitals. A layer-by-layer growth of Fe on Ag is simulated by using classical molecular dynamics. In this way a heterostructure whose dimensions realistically compare with the ones of nanosized electronic devices is obtained. The electronic charge distribution near the interface is calculated by using an extended Debey-Hueckel approximation. The results illustrate the formation of extremely thin layers of charge whose structure is noticeably different from the ones so far calculated for free surfaces.     

Zero—field—cooled and field—cooled magnetizations and magnetic susceptibility of itinerant ferromagnet SrRuO3

Zero-field-cooled(ZFC) magnetization,field-cooled(FC) magnetization,ac magnetic susceptibility and major hysteresis loops of itinerant ferromagnet SrRuO3 have been measured at magnetic ordering temperatures ranging from 5 to 160K.An empirical model is proposed to calculate the measured ZFC magnetization.The result indicates that the calculated ZFC magnetization compares well with the measured one.Based on the generalized Preisach model.both the ZFC and FC curves are reproduced by numerical simulations.The critical temperature and critical exponents are determined by measuring the ac magnetic susceptibility in different bias magnetic fields at temperatures in the vicinity of the point of phase transition.     

Antiferromagnetic spin correlations in MnO nanoparticles

We have investigated nearly monodispersive MnO nanoparticles of 10 nm diameter by polarised neutron diffraction with XYZ-polarisation analysis. We found no long-range ordering down to 3.5 K. A broad magnetic peak appeared close to Q= (1/2,1/2,1/2) signifying short-range antiferromagnetic correlations. The correlation length was found to be about 2.4 nm at T=3.5 K. The correlation length decreases rapidly with increasing temperature and becomes about 0.7 nm at T=250 K.     

Influence of the Interfaces on Magnetic Properties of Fe/Ag and Fe/Cu Multilayers Prepared by Sputtering

Hyperfine Interactions - Dependence of magnetic behavior of ultrathin Fe layers on the width of the interfaces was investigated by using dc-magnetron sputtering to grow (Fe(110)/Ag(111))...     

线性磁性分子离子中由激光诱导的超快自旋转移

通过由激光诱导的Λ进程,很多分子磁性体系中涉及的退磁、 自旋翻转或自旋转移过程在理论上得以实现.本文针对具有线性构型的磁性分子离子, 应用量子化学从头计算与自编程序相结合的方法,实现了具有线性构型的双磁性中心分子体系 [Fe-O-Co]⁺中基于Λ进程的超快自旋转移,且电子占据的转移率达到90%以上. 本文的理论研究结果表明,采用改变磁场方向的方法来增强体系的磁晶各向异性, 可以避免为提高自旋转移能力而额外增加桥接原子在实际应用中的复杂性, 同时也可明显提高电子占据的转移率.