相图边界理论与相区接触定律及Gupta方法的比较

综述了恒压相图中与相邻相区及其边界关系有关的经验规则和理论法则, 重点比较了相图的边界理论和相区接触定律, 着重指出相区接触定律的不足, 并显示相图边界理论的确是一个比较基本的相理论. 还比较了Gupta方法和相图边界理论的方法在根据有限的信息构筑多元复杂恒压水平截面图上的优劣.     

二组分体系的相图及其相图边界理论

主要探讨了二组分体系的相图,如气-液相图和液-固相图,总结了二组分相图的分类、绘制及相图分析,这有利于理解和掌握二组分相图的基本规律。并简单介绍了相图边界理论,扩展了相图的热力学研究。     

Bi—Sn—Zn三元合金体系的垂直截面图的直接计算

本文根据相图中紧邻相区及其边界关系的理论,提出了一个直接而简便的计算恒压相图中垂直截面图的方法。利用这个方法计算了Bi—Sn—Zn三元系恒压相图中若干不同类型、不同位置的垂直截面图。     

恒温截面法构制三维相图判误用数点分析法

以相图拓扑学规律为基础，提出了利用系列恒温截面分析相平衡空间结构以及绘制立体相图时的判误数点分析法，以实例说明数点法在相图分析中的应用，并提出了三维相图的构造的实用判误方法。     

恒压相图的边界理论及其应用

相图由相区及其边界组成。如果能阐明相区及其边界如何构成相图的规律,对理解、应用、计算和测定多元相图无疑是至关重要的。因此,前人对它已经进行了大量的研究,有了许多经验法则和理论,但是这些法则和理论仍有不足之处。我们通过对于相图的深入分析,发现     

相图的边界理论在相图教学中的应用

简要阐述恒压相图的边界理论在教学方面的应用,并结合教学实例进行了讨论。     

《相图的边界理论及其应用》评介

吉林大学化学系赵慕愚教授和宋利珠教授合著的《相图的边界理论及其应用》一书,是一本介绍和讨论赵慕愚教授所提出的相图边界理论的专著。为了更加深刻地理解相图和应用相图,作者积多年教学获得的经验和科研成果,对原有的相图构成理论做了重要的补充和完善,提出了一些新的概念,找到了在相图中,相区及其边界构成相图的基本规律。相平衡理论和相图是物理化学学科中的一个重要分支。在化工、冶金和材料等学科及相关的技术领域有着极为重要的应用。但是对于相图构成原理的研究并不完善。赵慕愚在研究恒压相图的边界理论时发现,相区的概念清楚(相…     

恒压相图的边界理论及其应用

简要阐述了恒压相图的边界理论及其在许多方面的应用。可供与相平衡和相图有关课程的教师和学生参考。     

二组分平衡体系的T-x相图

主要从3个方面介绍了二组分平衡体系的T-x相图。一是简单相图的介绍;二是简单相图的组合;三是实际体系复杂相图的认识。从而可以让学生理解和掌握相平衡中的二组分体系的气-液、液-液和液-固平衡的T-x相图,并为实际应用打下良好的基础。     

由含稳定化合物的二元相图计算化合物的活度

本文提出了一种含稳定化合物相图中化合物的活度计算的新方法,即根据已有的从相图提取活度的公式,结合质量作用定律,由纯组元的活度计算得到化合物的活度.用此方法计算了Al-Ca及In-Sb两个二元系中稳定化合物的活度,计算结果与文献值吻合较好.     

Phase Coexistence in a Dynamic Phase Diagram

Metastability and phase coexistence are important concepts in colloidal science. Typically, the phase diagram of colloidal systems is considered at the equilibrium without the presence of an external field. However, several studies have reported phase transition under mechanical deformation. The reason behind phase coexistence under shear flow is not fully understood. Here, multilamellar vesicle (MLV)‐to‐sponge (L₃) and MLV‐to‐L_α transitions upon increasing temperature are detected using flow small‐angle neutron scattering techniques. Coexistence of L_α and MLV phases at 40 °C under shear flow is detected by using flow NMR spectroscopy. The unusual rheological behavior observed by studying the lamellar phase of a non‐ionic surfactant is explained using ²H NMR and diffusion flow NMR spectroscopy with the coexistence of planar lamellar–multilamellar vesicles. Moreover, a dynamic phase diagram over a wide range of temperatures is proposed.     

Cr-Ni二元相图

利用X射线衍射、电子探针微分析、扫描电子显微镜和差热分析测定了Cr-Ni合金样品和扩散偶Cr-Ni样品,构筑了Cr-Ni二元体系的相图.在此相图中存在、 γ和α相，这些相的结构分别属于A2, A1和型结构.它们的晶胞参数分别随着温度的增加和Cr含量的增加而增大.温度变化对晶胞参数的影响强于Cr含量变化对晶胞参数的影响.δ相仅存在于未退火的熔炼样品中和差热分析后的样品中.该相属于不稳定相.     

四氯合锌酸十六烷基铵-四氯合锌酸十八烷基铵二元体系亚固相相图

合成了具有层状结构的热致相变材料四氯合锌酸十六铵(n-C16H33NH3)2ZnCl4,C16Zn)和四氯合锌酸十八铵(n-C18H37NH3)2ZnCl4,C18Zn)(在340~370 K的温度范围内存在着焓值较大的可逆固-固相变)。 并将此2种材料在乙醇溶液中结晶出一系列二元体系。 对二元体系利用差热分析(DTA)和X射线衍射技术进行测定,构筑了C16ZnC18Zn二元体系亚固相相图。 根据相图,确定了w(C16Zn)=41.11%处有中间化合物(n-C16H33NH3)(n-C18H37NH3)ZnCl4的存在,并测定在w(C16Zn)=16.19%和w(C16Zn)=63.07% 2处存在着2个不变的共析点,2个共析点温度分别约为356和353 K。 与同类体系的其它相图相比,在此相图的左右边界存在端际固溶体（α和β）和中间区域存在非化学计量相（γ）。     

Temperature-Concentration Phase Diagram of PEO-Urea

The present paper reports on the phase diagram of the system PEO/Urea as established by differential scanning calorimetry. From this phase diagram one PEO/Urea compound is indentified with a stoichiometry 1/2. This value is in agreement with results derived from X-ray diffraction.     

改进的合成复体法绘制三元系等温截面图

Based on the method of compound synthesis, a new method of constructing the isothermal section phase diagram of ternary system is presented and the ternary C6H14O6-KCl-H2O system is taken as an example. By determinating the optical rotation of the saturated solution in the equilibrium system, the contents of the other components can be calculated, and then the isothermal section diagram of the ternary system can be constructed. The results shows that the common saturation point is as=58.5%, bs=17.4%, cs=24.1%. The general application of the method is discussed also in this paper.     

Fragrance Emulsion Evaporation versus Distillation: A Phase Diagram Approach

The phase diagram of an emulsion system was used to make a comparison between the calculated evaporation path of an emulsion during equilibrium under moderate relative humidity and during distillation under reduced pressure also under equilibrium conditions. The results showed a most significant difference, because the distillation under reduced pressure takes place into an atmosphere with highly reduced relative humidity and the level of relative humidity has a decisive effect on the evaporation path. A conclusion was reached that estimations about the evaporation path from distillation results should be complemented by information from the phase diagram.     

铬酸钠碳氨转化过程的相图分析

研究了铬酸钠碳氨转化过程中Na＋, NH4+// CrO42－, HCO3－-H2O体系的溶解度和相图.根据溶解度和相图对铬酸钠的氨水溶液碳氨转化过程固相析出行为进行分析.结果表明: 相图中存在NaNH4CrO4·2H2O复盐结晶区,浓度较高的铬酸钠氨水溶液转化过程中NaC(HO)3、(NH4)2CrO4和NaNH4CrO4·2H2O结晶可能同时析出,形成混晶.为避免同时析出铬酸铵、碳酸氢钠结晶,铬酸钠氨水初始溶液浓度应稍低于相图中P2(P2′)对应的组成,即为1 g H2O中Na2CrO4 0.8633～1.1377 g,氨0.0611～0.0986 g.     

MesoDyn Simulation Study on Phase Diagram of Aerosol OT/isooctane/water System

There is a growing interest in the study of surfactant self-assemble in oil/water/surfactant system because of their applications not only in traditional colloid chemistry but in analytical, synthetic, and medicinal chemistry as well1,2. In these systems, one of the most commonly studied surfactants which can form reverse micelles is sodium bis(2-ethylhexyl) sulfosuccinate, i.e. Aerosol OT (AOT)3. The properties of the AOT reverse micelles have been discussed by some experimental methods4…     

新戊二醇-三羟甲基甲胺二元体系相图

多元醇是一类具有技术和经济潜力的相变贮热材料［１ -３］．对多元醇及其二元体系贮热性能的研究已日趋完善,而对于其相图的研究则较少．本文采用以下三种实验技术测绘了ＮＰＧ ＴＡＭ二元体系相图：（１）热分析,以得到组成与相转变温度的关系;（２）变温红外光谱的研究,通过特征吸收峰随温度的变化,可以得到相转变温度区间,辅助相图的绘制;（３）Ｘ射线衍射,通过淬冷的方法来获得高温下的物相,测其Ｘ衍射图,进行相区分析．１实验１．１试剂ＮＰＧ：为超纯试剂,日本东京化成株式工业会社生产：ＴＡＭ：分析纯,北京化学试剂厂…