Tilted two-fluid Bianchi type I models

In this paper we investigate expanding Bianchi type I models with two tilted fluids with the same linear equation of state, characterized by the equation of state parameter w. Individually the fluids have non-zero energy fluxes w.r.t. the symmetry surfaces, but these cancel each other because of the Codazzi constraint. We prove that when w = 0 the model isotropizes to the future. Using numerical simulations and a linear analysis we also find the asymptotic states of models with w > 0. We find that future isotropization occurs if and only if w ￡ \frac13{w\leq \frac{1}{3}} . The results are compared to similar models investigated previously where the two fluids have different equation of state parameters.     

Nonperturbative solutions for canonical quantum gravity: An overview

In this paper we will make a survey of solutions to the Wheeler-De Witt equation which have been found up to now in Ashtekar's formulation for canonical quantum gravity. Roughly speaking they are classified into two categories, namely, Wilson-loop solutions and topological solutions. While the program of finding solutions which are composed of Wilson loops is still in its infancy, it is expected to be developed in the near future. Topological solutions are the only solutions at present which can be interpreted in terms of spacetime geometry. While the analysis made here is formal in the sense that we do not deal with rigorously regularized constraint equations, these topological solutions are expected to exist even in the fully regularized theory and they are considered to yield vacuum states of quantum gravity. We also make an attempt to review the spin network states as intuitively as possible. In particular, the explicit formulae for two kinds of measures on the space of spin network states are given.     

Nonperturbative inconsistency of stochastic quantization in odd dimensions

It is shown that a stochastically-quantized theory of interacting fermion and gauge fields in odd spacetime dimensions can be renormalized, preserving both gauge- and parity-invariance. Thus, the pertinent parity-violating anomalies are not reproduced by the stochastic quantization. Moreover, this theory does not possess a nonperturbative equilibrium limit unless one introduces an appropriate parity-violating counterterm. We conclude that an odd-dimensional gauge theory with fermions cannot be inconsistently quantized in the stochastic scheme unless the parity-violating anomales cancel.     

Bianchi type I cosmological models with variableG and A

Einstein's equations with variableG and A scalars are considered for a Bianchi type I metric. A solution is found in which the cosmological term varies inversely with the square of time. As in the case of the flat Friedmann-Lemaître-Robertson-Walker (flrw) models discussed recently, there is then no dimensional constant associated with A. However, it is shown that the time behaviour of Bianchi type I inflationary solutions cannot be of the pure de Sitter type. This shows that if the flat FLRW inflationary solutions previously considered are perturbed by the introduction of Bianchi type I anisotropy, then the time evolution may be perturbed from the pure exponential form.     

Nonperturbative inconsistency of stochastic quantization in odd dimensions

It is shown that a stochastically-quantized theory of interacting fermion and gauge fields in odd spacetime dimensions can be renormalized, preserving both gauge-and parity-invariance. Thus, the pertinent parity-violating anomalies are not reproduced by the stochastic quantization. Moreover, this theory does not possess a nonperturbative equilibrium limit unless one introduces an appropriate parity-violating counterterm. We conclude that an odd-dimensional gauge theory with fermions cannot be consistently quantized in the stochastic scheme unless the parity-violating anomalies cancel.     

Anisotropic cosmological models of Bianchi types III and V in Lyra's geometry

Exact solutions to Einstein's equations are presented in vacuum and in the presence of stiff matter for spatially homogeneous cosmological models of Bianchi types type III and V in the normal gauge for Lyra's geometry. Solutions represent anisotropic cosmological universes which contract from infinite volume at the initial time singularityT=0 to zero volume asT. Some physical properties of the models are also discussed.     

Bianchi types I and V bulk viscous fluid cosmological models in f(R,T) gravity theory

In this paper we present non-singular Bianchi types I and V cosmological models, in the presence of bulk viscous fluid and within the framework of f(R,T) gravity theory. Exact solutions to the field equations are obtained by choosing a particular form of the function f(R,T) and a special value for the average scale factor of the model, which corresponds to a time- dependent deceleration parameter. The cosmological models initially accelerate for a certain period of time and thereafter decelerate. The physical and kinematical properties of the models of the universe are discussed.     

Covariant canonical quantization of fields and Bohmian mechanics

We propose a manifestly covariant canonical method of field quantization based on the classical De Donder-Weyl covariant canonical formulation of field theory. Owing to covariance, the space and time arguments of fields are treated on an equal footing. To achieve both covariance and consistency with standard non-covariant canonical quantization of fields in Minkowski spacetime, it is necessary to adopt a covariant Bohmian formulation of quantum field theory. A preferred foliation of spacetime emerges dynamically owing to a purely quantum effect. The application to a simple time-reparametrization invariant system and quantum gravity is discussed and compared with the conventional non-covariant Wheeler-DeWitt approach.Received: 11 October 2004, Published online: 6 July 2005PACS: 04.20.Fy, 04.60.Ds, 04.60.Gw, 04.60.-m     

Covariant canonical quantization of the green-schwarz superstring

Introducing a new type of D = 10 harmonic superspace with two generations of harmonic coordinates, we reduce the Green-Schwarz (GS) superstring to a system whose constraints are Lorentz covariant and functionally independent. These features allow us to impose Lorentz-covariant gauge fixing conditions for the reparametrization and the fermionic κ-invariances. The resulting Q_BRST corresponds to the finite-dimensional Lie algebra of the remaining purely harmonic constraints. The super-Poincaré symmetry acts in a manifestly Lorentz-covariant form and is apparently anomaly free.     

Nonstandard canonical quantization of local field theories

A recent new approach to classical local field theories (CLFT) offers a new, alternative quantization procedure of fields. A brief discussion of this nonstandard field quantization is given.Presented at the International Conference Selected Topics in Quantum Field Theory and Mathematical Physics, Bechyn, Czechoslovakia, June 23–27, 1986.     

Asymptotics of LRS Bianchi type I cosmological models with elastic matter

In this paper, we report on results in the study of spatially homogeneous cosmological models with elastic matter. We show that the behavior of elastic solutions is fundamentally different from that of perfect fluid solutions already in the case of locally rotationally symmetric Bianchi type I models; this is true even when the elastic material resembles a perfect fluid very closely. In particular, the approach to the initial singularity is characterized by an intricate oscillatory behavior of the scale factors, while the future asymptotic behavior is described by isotropization rates that differ significantly from those of perfect fluids.     

Zero-curvature FRW models and Bianchi I space-time as solutions of the same equation

We show that the condition of isotropy of pressure in the case of Bianchi I space-time filled with a perfect fluid reduces via a suitable scale transformation to a linear second-order differential equation, which admits as particular solutions those of Friedmann, Robertson, and Walker. These particular solutions are then used for generating many new local rotational symmetry Bianchi I solutions. Some of their physical properties are then studied.     

Equivalence of stochastic and canonical quantization in perturbation theory

It is shown that the stochastic quantization method introduced by Parisi and Wu reproduces, order by order, the ordinary perturbation expansion. The proof is valid for any field theory, including gauge theories, provided one considers gauge-invariant quantities.     

Integrable minisuperspace models with Liouville field: energy density self-adjointness and semiclassical wave packets

The homogeneous cosmological models with a Liouville scalar field are investigated in classical and quantum contexts of Wheeler–DeWitt geometrodynamics. In the quantum case of quintessence field with potential unbounded from below and phantom field, the energy density operators are not essentially self-adjoint, and self-adjoint extensions contain ambiguities. Therefore the same classical actions correspond to a family of distinct quantum models. For the phantom field the energy spectrum happens to be discrete. The probability conservation and appropriate classical limit can be achieved with a certain restriction of the functional class. The appropriately localized wave packets are studied numerically using the Schrödinger’s norm and a conserved Mostafazadeh’s norm introduced from techniques of pseudo-Hermitian quantum mechanics. These norms give a similar packet evolution that is confronted with analytical classical solutions.