Pulsar Astronomy, 4th edn., by A. Lyne and F. Graham-Smith

The aim of this paper on the experimental research on gravitational waves is to stimulate the interest of the scientific community on this subject. In the following we try to stress the impact of this subject on fundamental physics, and the interdisciplinary aspects involved in the present experimental efforts. Details of current experiments will not be given. In sections 1- 8, we summarize the main features of gravitational waves and some of the principal astrophysical processes involving emission of gravitational radiation. In sections 9- 18, we review the detection principles, the intrinsic limits of the detectors and the peculiarities of the gravitational-wave data analysis.     

Electricity and Magnetism,Volume 1: Third Edition,Electricity and Magnetism,Volume 2: Third Edition,by B.I. Bleaney and B. Bleaney

During the last decade the term ‘spin glass’ has become prominent in the literature on magnetism. It refers to magnetic alloys where the spins on the impurities become locked or frozen into random orientations below a characteristic temperature T ₀. In this article the properties of spin glasses are described with particular reference to the two archetypal examples AuFe and CuMn. Interest in spin glasses was mainly stimulated by some a.c. susceptibility measurements which showed sharp, cusp-like peaks, accurately defining T ₀ and suggesting that some type of phase transition was occurring. The Mossbauer effect and the anomalous Hall effect also showed clear features at T ₀ supporting this viewpoint. But measurements of the electrical resistivity and ‘specific heat’, here usually meaning the molar heat capacity, also the remanence, magnetic hysteresis and time-dependent effects observed in spin glasses were difficult to reconcile with a phase transition approach. This article discusses the results obtained from the very wide variety of experimental techniques which have been used to investigate spin glasses, and also deals with some of the important theoretical concepts which have arisen out of these studies. Then follows a short account of the many systems which have been found to exhibit spin glass behaviour and which suggest that it is a widespread magnetic state of matter. Lastly, an example is given which shows that some of the ideas of spin glasses are applicable to problems outside the sphere of magnetic alloys.     

NIST Handbook of Mathematical Functions,edited by Frank W.J. Olver,Daniel W. Lozier,Ronald F. Boisvert,Charles W. Clark

A comparison is made between the competing processes of x-ray scattering and photoelectric absorption. The latter topic is then developed more fully, particular attention being paid to absorption fine-structure and its relevance to the study of the unoccupied energy levels available to electrons in solids. Electron wave scattering theories of metal fine-structure are outlined, together with the simultaneous plasmon emission concept for transition metals and the bound ejected electron theory for the solid halides of potassium.     

The wonders of physics, 4th edition

When a conductor is in a magnetic field and radiation propagates in the direction of the field, the complex dielectric constant may be usefully represented on an Argand diagram so that the variation with magnetic field of the real and imaginary parts of the dielectric constant may be readily appreciated.