注塑成型三维流动的数值模拟

建立了非等温、粘性、不可压缩、非牛顿流体流动的控制方程。为了避免同时求解耦合的压力场、速度场,本文通过修改Galerkin方法的变分方程,导出了关于压力场的拟Poisson方程,用迭代法独立地求解连续性方程、动量方程,并进行速度一粘度迭代求出最终的压力场、速度场。由于直接使用Galerkin方法求解能量方程容易引起温度场的振荡,本文采用隐式格式及“上风”法离散能量方程,用超松驰迭代法求解温度场的代数方程组。比较了模拟结果与等温管道流动的解析解及法兰的实际注射结果,算例表明本文方法可以预测注射成型流动过程中的一些重要特征。与传统Galerkin方法相比,本文方法可以减少内存,提高数值方法的稳定性。     

用迭代法模拟注塑成型的三维流动

Hele-Shaw模型是模拟注塑成型过程的常用模型,它的主要缺点是不能模拟一些重要的物理现象及引入实际制件中并不存在的“中面”概念,为了消除这些不足,本文开发了真三维的流动分析程序。建立了粘性、不可压缩的非牛顿流体流动的控制方程,为了避免同时求解耦合的压力场、速度场,本文引入拟稳定技术独立地求解这些方程,用迭代法求耦合方程的解。这种方法可以减少内存并提高数值方法的稳定性。算例表明数值结果与实验结果吻合较好,这种方法成功地模拟了注塑成型流动过程中的重要特征。     

数值求解不可压粘性流体定常运动的格林函数方法

本文提出了一种数值求解不可压粘性流体定常运动的格林函数方法.在本文中利用Stokes方程的基本解作为格林函数将求解不可压粘性流体定常运动的边值问题化为求解速度场和边界应力的非线性积分方程组,在解出速度场和边界应力后可直接计算流场中各点的压力;用有限元近似将积分方程离散化而进行数值求解。对于小雷诺数流动,只归结为求解边界积分方程,使求解区域减少一个维度。对于非线性问题,可用迭代方法求解,在每次迭代中只须解出边界点上的速度或应力。通过几个简单的算例,表明本文所提出的方法具有精度高、处理边界条件简单、通用性强的优点,并具有求解各种复杂流动的潜力。     

基于黏弹性的微注射成型流动模拟

应用有限元方法研究了微注射成型中瞬态、可压缩、非牛顿熔体流动的黏弹性对流动前沿及流动平衡的影响。基于Phan-Thien-Tanner模型建立了熔体流动的本构方程,利用Hele-Shaw假设和简化建立了瞬态、可压缩、非牛顿熔体流动的连续性方程、动量方程、能量方程;为了有效地描述微注射成型的尺寸效应,采用了边界滑移和表面张力边界条件。通过分部积分和待定系数法导出了带有边界信息的变分方程和求解应力分量的半解析公式,构造了有限元离散求解及超松驰迭代算法。模拟结果表明:熔体的黏弹性对浇口附近的压力和后续的熔体流动前沿有重要影响;与黏性模型相比,黏弹性模型可以控制模拟压力的快速增长,减少不同型腔之间的充填差异,与短射实验结果也更吻合。     

黏弹性流体在圆管内流动的谱方法模拟计算

 采用修正Jeffreys模型来描述聚丙烯酰胺水溶液流变特性. 首先用具有二阶精度的差分法与拟谱法求解幂率模型, 分别与解析解进行比较, 结果表明拟谱法具有极高精度. 然后用拟谱法求解PAM水溶液在圆管中流动, 得到速度分布、应力分布,为三维模拟作准备.     

均布荷载作用下功能梯度简支梁弯曲的解析解

利用应力函数半逆解法,研究了均布载荷作用下、材料属性在厚度上任意变化的功能梯度简支梁弯曲的解析解,给出了各向应力应变与位移的解析显式表达式.首先根据平面应力状态的基本方程,得出了功能梯度梁的应力函数应满足的偏微分方程,并根据应力边界条件得出了各应力分布的表达式;进而根据功能梯度材料的本构方程和位移边界条件,得出了应变和位移的分布.最后,通过将本文的解退化到均质各向同性梁并与经典弹性解比较,证明了本文理论的正确性,并求解了材料组分呈幂律分布的功能梯度梁的应力和位移分布,分析了上下表层材料的弹性模量比λ与组分材料体积分数指数n对应力和位移分布的影响.     

强吸气旋转圆筒壁面湍流边界层建模及计算

提出了湍流边界层的一种简单、快速计算方法, 用以求解强吸气作用下旋转圆筒表面边界层流动. 首先, 理论分析了同心圆筒间的旋转流体运动, 外筒静止、内筒旋转且为多孔吸气条件. 强吸气情况下旋转流动主要表现为内筒壁面附近的边界层流动, 基于这一事实得到了周向速度分布的解析表达式. 其次, 通过引入新参数扩展Cebeci-Smith代数湍流模型, 使其能考虑流线曲率、壁面吸气、低Reynolds数效应等因素. 针对这些因素的综合影响, 采用解析修正和经验参数对模型进行调整. 同时, 基于Reynolds应力湍流模型的仿真结果, 校准代数湍流模型中的经验参数. 最后, 给出基于广义Cebeci-Smith湍流模型的旋转壁面边界层流动的迭代算法, 该算法适用于需要特殊迭代过程的轴向及周向流动均匀情况. 计算了不同旋转速度和吸气强度组合工况下的边界层流动, 其周向速度和湍流强度分布与基于Reynolds应力湍流模型的计算结果非常接近. 并且表明, 当Reynolds应力湍流模型数值模拟预测内筒边界层为稳定层流时, 该方法也再现了相同初始条件下的层流边界层.      

MODELLING AND CALCULATION OF THE TURBULENT BOUNDARY LAYER ON A ROTATING CYLINDER SURFACE WITH STRONG SUCTION 1)

提出了湍流边界层的一种简单、快速计算方法, 用以求解强吸气作用下旋转圆筒表面边界层流动. 首先, 理论分析了同心圆筒间的旋转流体运动, 外筒静止、内筒旋转且为多孔吸气条件. 强吸气情况下旋转流动主要表现为内筒壁面附近的边界层流动, 基于这一事实得到了周向速度分布的解析表达式. 其次, 通过引入新参数扩展Cebeci-Smith代数湍流模型, 使其能考虑流线曲率、壁面吸气、低Reynolds数效应等因素. 针对这些因素的综合影响, 采用解析修正和经验参数对模型进行调整. 同时, 基于Reynolds应力湍流模型的仿真结果, 校准代数湍流模型中的经验参数. 最后, 给出基于广义Cebeci-Smith湍流模型的旋转壁面边界层流动的迭代算法, 该算法适用于需要特殊迭代过程的轴向及周向流动均匀情况. 计算了不同旋转速度和吸气强度组合工况下的边界层流动, 其周向速度和湍流强度分布与基于Reynolds应力湍流模型的计算结果非常接近. 并且表明, 当Reynolds应力湍流模型数值模拟预测内筒边界层为稳定层流时, 该方法也再现了相同初始条件下的层流边界层.     

螺旋槽干气密封槽形参数的协调优化

应用PH线性化方法、迭代法,近似求解了螺旋槽内稳态流动场的非线性雷诺方程,求得了气体动压和速度分布的解析解.利用多目标优化方法构建了气膜刚度与泄漏量之比的协调函数,并对该目标函数进行了近似求解,获得了最佳的螺旋槽几何参数值.     

预处理方法在全速度流场中的应用研究

应用预处理方法求解二维可压缩Navier-Stokes方程,发展出一套既适用于低速流动,也可用于可压缩流动的全速度流场解算方法.空间格式选用Ausm类格式,并采用多步Runge-Kutta时间推进方法.数值模拟了鼓包(Bump),RAE2822翼型,多段高升力翼型的不同速度绕流流场,并与实验数据进行了对比.结果表明预处...     

Computing flow-induced stresses of injection molding based on the Phan–Thien–Tanner model

A numerical approach is introduced to solve the viscoelastic flow problem of filling and post-filling in injection molding. The governing equations are in terms of compressible, non-isothermal fluid, and the constitutive equation is based on the Phan–Thien–Tanner model. By introducing some hypotheses according to the characteristics of injection molding, a quasi-Poisson type equation about pressure is derived with part integration. Besides, an analytical form of flow-induced stress is also generalized by using the undermined coefficient method. The conventional Galerkin approach is employed to solve the derived pressure equation, and the ‘upwind’ difference scheme is used to discrete the energy equation. Coupling is achieved between velocity and stress by super relax iteration method. The flow in the test mold is investigated by comparing the numerical results and photoelastic photos for polystyrene, showing flow-induced stresses are closely related to melt temperatures. The filling of a two-cavity box is also studied to investigate the viscoelastic effects on real injection molding.     

A hybrid vertex-centered finite volume/element method for viscous incompressible flows on non-staggered unstructured meshes

This paper proposes a hybrid vertex-centered finite volume/finite element method for solution of the two dimensional (2D) incompressible Navier-Stokes equations on unstructured grids.An incremental pressure fractional step method is adopted to handle the velocity-pressure coupling.The velocity and the pressure are collocated at the node of the vertex-centered control volume which is formed by joining the centroid of cells sharing the common vertex.For the temporal integration of the momentum equations,an implicit second-order scheme is utilized to enhance the computational stability and eliminate the time step limit due to the diffusion term.The momentum equations are discretized by the vertex-centered finite volume method (FVM) and the pressure Poisson equation is solved by the Galerkin finite element method (FEM).The momentum interpolation is used to damp out the spurious pressure wiggles.The test case with analytical solutions demonstrates second-order accuracy of the current hybrid scheme in time and space for both velocity and pressure.The classic test cases,the lid-driven cavity flow,the skew cavity flow and the backward-facing step flow,show that numerical results are in good agreement with the published benchmark solutions.     

填隙二阶流体下圆球平行于壁平移的粘性阻力

离散元法是分析散体力学行为的数值方法。存在填隙流体时，颗粒之间或颗粒与壁之间产生的法向挤压力和切向阻力、阻力矩，是湿颗粒离散元法的理论基础。二阶流体是以微小偏离牛顿流体本构而考虑时间影响的一种流体。它具有常粘度，并且第一和第二法向应力差正比于剪切率的平方。根据Reynolds润滑理论，采用小参数法，导出了存在填隙二阶流体时，圆球沿平行于平壁缓慢移动时流体的速度场和压力方程，进而求出切向阻力和阻力矩的解析解。有趣的是在推导时所得的速度场和压力方程形式比牛顿流体要复杂得多，但最终结果表明圆球沿平行于平壁移动时因填隙二阶流体引起的切向阻力和阻力矩与牛顿流体时的结果相同。     

A finite element analysis of laminar unsteady flow of viscoelastic fluids through channels with non-uniform cross-sections

The effects of non-Newtonian behaviour of a fluid and unsteadiness on flow in a channel with non-uniform cross-section have been investigated. The rheological behaviour of the fluid is assumed to be described by the constitutive equation of a viscoelastic fluid obeying the Oldroyd-B model. The finite element method is used to analyse the flow. The novel features of the present method are the adoption of the velocity correction technique for the momentum equations and of the two-step explicit scheme for the extra stress equations. This approach makes the computational scheme simple in algorithmic structure, which therefore implies that the present technique is capable of handling large-scale problems. The scheme is completed by the introduction of balancing tensor diffusivity (wherever necessary) in the momentum equations. It is important to mention that the proper boundary condition for pressure (at the outlet) has been developed to solve the pressure Poisson equation, and then the results for velocity, pressure and extra stress fields have been computed for different values of the Weissenberg number, viscosity due to elasticity, etc. Finally, it is pertinent to point out that the present numerical scheme, along with the proper boundary condition for pressure developed here, demonstrates its versatility and suitability for analysing the unsteady flow of viscoelastic fluid through a channel with non-uniform cross-section.     

Fluid flow and fluid shear stress in canaliculi induced by external mechanical loading and blood pressure oscillation

The paper studies the problem of fluid flow and fluid shear stress in canaliculi when the osteon is subject to external mechanical loading and blood pressure oscillation. The single osteon is modeled as a saturated poroelastic cylinder. Solid skeleton is regarded as a poroelastic transversely isotropic material. To get near-realistic results, both the interstitial fluid and the solid matrix are regarded as compressible. Blood pressure oscillation in the Haverian canal is considered. Using the poroelasticity theory, an analytical solution of the pore fluid pressure is obtained. Assuming the fluid in canaliculi is incompressible, analytical solutions of fluid flow velocity and fluid shear stress with the Navier-Stokes equations of incompressible fluid are obtained. The effect of various parameters on the fluid flow velocity and fluid shear stress is studied.     

A depth‐integrated non‐hydrostatic finite element model for wave propagation

This paper presents a two‐dimensional finite element model for simulating dynamic propagation of weakly dispersive waves. Shallow water equations including extra non‐hydrostatic pressure terms and a depth‐integrated vertical momentum equation are solved with linear distributions assumed in the vertical direction for the non‐hydrostatic pressure and the vertical velocity. The model is developed based on the platform of a finite element model, CCHE2D. A physically bounded upwind scheme for the advection term discretization is developed, and the quasi second‐order differential operators of this scheme result in no oscillation and little numerical diffusion. The depth‐integrated non‐hydrostatic wave model is solved semi‐implicitly: the provisional flow velocity is first implicitly solved using the shallow water equations; the non‐hydrostatic pressure, which is implicitly obtained by ensuring a divergence‐free velocity field, is used to correct the provisional velocity, and finally the depth‐integrated continuity equation is explicitly solved to satisfy global mass conservation. The developed wave model is verified by an analytical solution and validated by laboratory experiments, and the computed results show that the wave model can properly handle linear and nonlinear dispersive waves, wave shoaling, diffraction, refraction and focusing. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

膨胀性非牛顿流体多孔介质流动的模拟分析

在表征体元尺度采用格子Boltzmann方法分析膨胀性非牛顿流体在多孔介质中的流动,基于二阶矩模型在演化方程中引入表征介质阻力的作用力项,求解描述渗流模型的广义Navier-Stokes方程．采用局部法计算形变速率张量,通过循环迭代得到非牛顿粘度和松弛时间．对多孔介质的Poiseuille流动进行分析,通过比较发现结果与孔隙尺度的解析解十分吻合,并且收敛较快,表明方法合理有效．分析了渗透率和幂律指数对速度和压力降的影响,研究结果表明,膨胀性流体的多孔介质流动不符合达西规律,压力降的增加幅度小于渗透率的减小幅度．当无量纲渗透率Da小于10-5时,流道中的速度呈现均匀分布,并且速度分布随着幂律指数的减小趋于平滑．压力降随着幂律指数的增加而增加,Da越大幂律指数对压力降的影响越明显．     

破碎岩体非等温渗流的非线性动力学研究

分别从固体及流体导热的能量方程出发,导出破碎岩体非等温渗流的能量本构方程, 结合渗流的连续性方程、运动方程、状态方程等建立了破碎岩体非等温渗流的一维非线性动力学方程组;结合Mathcad软件计算得到了系统的无量纲化平衡态, 利用逐次亚松弛迭代法分析了对应于不同参数时平衡态的稳定性;指出非等温渗流系统存在鞍结分岔及折叠突变, 与等温渗流相比, 考虑温度场的破碎岩体渗流动力系统更容易发生渗流突变.      

不可压黏性流问题的无网格法分析

不可压缩黏性流问题一般采用Navier-Stokes方程来描述，基于加权残值法，推导了问题的无网格伽辽金法（EFGM）离散Navier-Stokes方程，在时间域上采用分步方法计算，速度和压力由相互独立的方程以解耦的形式求解，并采用同阶移动最小二乘近似，在每一时间步中，对压力解和速度解采用了Newton-Raphson迭代法进行修正，最后将所得到的方法应用到剪切驱动空腔流问题中，验证了方法的有效性，且解的精度高、稳定性好。     

高浓度固-液两相流紊流的动理学模型

采用分子动理学方法,基于固-液两相流液相分子或颗粒相颗粒的Boltzmann方程,对Boltzmann方程分别取零矩和一次矩,则得到高浓度固-液两相流紊流的连续方程和动量方程,再和较成熟的低浓度两相流连续方程和动量方程比较,取低浓度两相流控制方程中较成熟合理的有关项和高浓度时由动理学方法推导出的颗粒间碰撞项,则得到高浓度固-液两相流紊流的最终控制方程:连续方程和动量方程.