Preparation and characterization of CoFe2O4/TiO2 magnetic composite films

CoFe₂O₄/TiO₂ magnetic composite films were prepared using the sol-gel method with tetrabutyltitanate and metallic chlorates as starting materials. The effects of heat treatment temperatures on microstructures and on magnetic properties were studied. The microstructure and properties of the samples at different heat treatment temperatures were characterized by X-ray diffraction, Raman spectrum, scanning electron microscopy, polarized microscopy and vibrating sample magnetometry. The results show that crystals of different substances grow up independently. Cobalt ferrite is evenly embedded into the titanium dioxide matrix in the prepared composite films. The magnetism of the composite films is enhanced with an increase of the heat temperature.     

Deposition of cobalt-containing films on titanium by plasma electrolytic oxidation

The possibility of forming Co-containing coatings on titanium by plasma electrolytic oxidation and by a combination of oxidation and impregnation methods using an aqueous solution of sodium silicate as the base electrolyte was examined. Comparative analysis of the composition and structure of the systems obtained and of their activity in oxidation of CO to CO₂ was performed.     

The synthesis and properties of thin films based on double oxide system SiO2-ZrO2

The main physical and chemical processes involved in the preparation of SiO₂-ZrO₂ thin films from film-forming solutions based on zirconium oxochloride ZrOCl₂·8H₂O, tetraethoxysilane Si(C₂H₅O)₄, and ethanol were studied. The phase composition, structure and physical and chemical properties of the films were determined and the diagram composition — property was constructed.     

TiO2–ZrO2的表征及其异丙醇催化转化性能

用共沉淀法制备了TiO2-ZrO2复合氧化物. 采用N2吸附、XRD、TEM、NH3和CO2吸附量热、NH3吸附红外对TiO2-ZrO2体系的结构及酸碱性等进行了表征. 结果表明: 与单纯的氧化物相比, 形成的复合氧化物为无定形物相, 有介孔结构, 表面积明显提高, 可达218 m2·g-1; 初始吸附热差别不大, 但具有更多的表面B酸位; 随着TiO2掺入量的增大, 复合氧化物表面碱位减少. 异丙醇催化转化, 在无氧条件下, ZrO2、TiO2和TiO2-ZrO2复合氧化物上丙烯的选择性大于90%, 说明这些氧化物具有强的表面酸性; 在有氧条件下, ZrO2和TiO2丙酮的选择性达到70%～85%, 主要体现为氧化还原性; 而在复合氧化物上丙烯选择性增大到70％左右, 丙酮的选择性下降为30%左右, 表明生成的复合氧化物表面上的氧化还原性削弱, 酸性增强.     

Characterization and reactivity of copper oxide catalysts supported on TiO2-ZrO2

A series of copper catalysts supported on TiO2-ZrO2 with copper loading varying from 1.0 to 21.6 wt % were prepared by a wet impregnation method. The catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, electron spin resonance (ESR), temperature programmed reduction (TPR), and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller specific surface area measurements. Copper dispersion and metal area were determined by N2O decomposition by the passivation method. XRD results suggest that the copper oxide is present in a highly dispersed amorphous state at copper loadings <16.8 wt % in the sample and as a crystalline CuO phase at higher Cu loadings. Copper dispersion increases with Cu loading up to 5.1 wt % and levels off at higher loadings. The XPS peak intensity ratios of Cu 2p(3/2)/Ti 2p(3/2) and Cu 2p(3/2)/Zr 3d(5/2) were compared with the copper dispersion calculated from N2O decomposition. ESR results suggest the presence of two types of copper species on the TiO2-ZrO2 support. TPR profiles reveal the presence of highly dispersed copper oxide at lower temperatures and bulk CuO at higher temperatures. The catalytic properties were evaluated for the vapor-phase dehydrogenation of cyclohexanol to cyclohexanone and related to the dispersion of Cu on TiO2-ZrO2.     

Frontal polymerization synthesis and characterization of temperature- and pH-sensitive hydrogels

The temperature- and pH-sensitive hydrogels, poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-acrylic acid) (P(NIPAM-co-AAc)), were synthesized via frontal polymerization (FP). The reaction components have been varied in order to find their influences on frontal parameters and copolymer features. The results showed that front velocity and front temperature were dependent on the initiator concentration, reactant dilution, and NIPMA/AAc molar ratio. In addition, the morphology and sensitive behavior of the FP hydrogels were mainly affected by monomers’ ratio. Namely, the pore size, swelling abilities, LCST, and response kinetics of copolymer hydrogels obviously increased with the increasing acrylic acid concentration; however, they slightly changed with varying of amounts of initiator and solvent. Finally, in comparison with the hydrogels prepared by conventional batch polymerization, the ones synthesized by frontal polymerization exhibited more homogeneous chain composition and improved microstructure and response ability.     

Preparation and characterization of transparent TiO2 thin films coated on fused-silica substrates

The transparent TiO₂ thin films coated on fused-SiO₂ substrates were prepared by the sol–gel method and spin-coating technique. Effects of calcination temperature on crystal structure, grain size, surface texture, and light transmittance of the films were investigated. After calcining at 600–1,200 °C, the thicknesses of the TiO₂ films were all around 80 nm and the molecular structures of the films were anatase, even at 1,200 °C. The calcined TiO₂ films had the ultraviolet light (wavelength 200–400 nm) transmittances of ≤29% and the visible light (wavelength 400–800 nm) transmittance of ≥72%. By photocatalytically decomposing the methylene blue (MB) in water, the photocatalytic activities of the TiO₂ thin films were measured and represented using the characteristic time constant (τ) for the MB degradation. While the films prepared at 1,000 and 1,200 °C photodecomposed about 54 mol% of the MB in water (the corresponding τ ≈ 14.8 h) after exposing to 365-nm UV light for 12 h, the films prepared at 600 and 800 °C had smaller τ (≈9.0 h) and photodecomposed about 74 mol% of the MB in water at the same testing conditions.     

Design, synthesis and characterization of a novel pH-sensitive hydrogel

A novel degradable pH-sensitive hydrogel with pendent carboxyl groups was designed and synthesized from ethylenediaminetetraacetic dianhydride （EDTAh） and butanediamine （BDA） with dicyclohexylcarbodiimide （DCC） as a condensating agent and BDA as a crosslinking agent. The obtained polymers were characterized by ^13C NMR, ^1H NMR and FTIR. The swelling experiments of the hydrogel in pH 3, 7, and 12 media indicated much higher swelling ratio in pH 12 media than in pH 3 and pH 7 media, exhibiting sound pH sensitivity. The pH sensitivity of this type of hydrogel may be regulated through controlling the type and the dose of the crosslinking agent.     

B2O3/TiO2-ZrO2催化环己酮肟气相Beckmann重排反应研究Ⅳ. TiO2-ZrO2组成的影响

 采用共沉淀法制备了不同组成的复合氧化物TiO2－ZrO2．N2吸附和差热分析结果表明，随着TiO2－ZrO2中TiO2含量的增加，其BET比表面积和晶化温度提高，并均在TiO2含量为50％时达到最大值．以TiO2－ZrO2为载体的B2O3／TiO2－ZrO2催化剂对环己酮肟气相Beckmann重排反应的催化性能表明，随着TiO2－ZrO2中TiO2含量的增加，己内酰胺的收率逐渐升高，当TiO2含量增加至50％时，收率达到最大值（96．7％），之后随着TiO2含量的进一步增加，己内酰胺的收率逐渐降低．     

Preparation and photoelectrochemical characterization of nano-particulate TiO2 and polyaniline composite films on Au

TiO₂ and polyaniline(PANI) composite film was obtained by electrochemical methods^[1] and investigated for solar energy conversion application. A strong rectifying effect was found in the cyclic voltammogram of the film in dark when the scan speed was slow enough (5 mV/s) and a quasi-reversible voltammogram of the film was observed when the scan speed was fast (100 mV/s). The results of both the cyclic voltammograms and the SEM images of the composite film show that the PANI film is almost completely covered with nano-particulate TiO₂. Two anodic photocurrent bands and a cathodic band was observed in the spectra of the photocurrent of the TiO₂/PANI/PATP(p-aminothiophenol)/Au film in 0.05 mol/L Fe(CN)₆^3-/Fe(CN)₆^4- solution. The band at 300~400 nm (3.1~4.1 eV) can be ascribed to the photocurrent band of TiO₂ particles and the bands at 450~730 nm (1.7~2.8 eV) can be ascribed to those of the PANI. The partially-oxidized PANI has internal photoemission function and the insulating matrix of PANI is verified to be reduced PANI with a 3.33 eV bandgap energy. The flat-band potentials of partially-oxidized PANI and TiO₂/PANI composite film in 1.0 mol/LHClO₄ solution are determined as 0.87 V and 0.09(SHE) from Mott-Schottky plots, respectively.     

Preparation of TiO2 thin films using water-soluble titanium complexes and their photoinduced properties

Titanium dioxide thin films were prepared by using four water-soluble titanium complexes of titanium-lactate, tartalate, malate and salicylate complex solutions. The crystalline phases detected in the films were anatase. The surface microstructures of the four film samples were different in their grain sizes. Photocatalytic decomposition activity of the four films was almost the same, but their photoinduced hydrophilicities were different. The film prepared using titanium-salicylate complex exhibited lower hydrophilic conversion rate than the other films. Grain size and stress yielded to the film are considered to be important factors on the photoinduced hydrophilicity.     

Thermally effected structural and surface transformations of sulfated TiO2, ZrO2 and TiO2-ZrO2 catalysts

Preparations were characterized by specific surface area, thermogravimetry, and X-ray diffractometry. Thermal effects observed were (a) sulfur loss, (b) sintering, (c) crystallization and transformation of the crystalline phase(s). Thermoanalytical curves indicate that decomposition of the sulfate occurs in two distinct steps. Decrease of surface area due to (b) and (c) is concomitant to decomposition of sulfate. Sulfate was found to hinder sintering, crystallization and phase transformations of ZrO₂ and TiO₂. In low-titania and -zirconia sulfated TiO₂-ZrO₂ the minor component enhances the effect of sulfate. In equimolar TiO₂-ZrO₂ sulfate decomposition is accompanied by rapid formation of crystalline TiZrO₄.This work was supported by the MOL Rt., Hungary, which is gratefully acknowledged.     

Facile one-pot synthesis of 2-arylbenzothiazoles catalyzed by H3PO4/TiO2-ZrO2 (1/1) under solvent-free conditions

A highly efficient and simple protocol for the preparation of 2-arylbenzothiazoles through condensation of 2-aminothiophenol and different aldehydes in the presence of H₃PO₄/TiO₂-ZrO₂(1/1)-cetyl pyridinium bromide (CPB) is described. The reaction proceeded under mild and solvent-free conditions to afford 2-arylbenzothiazole derivatives. In this method, the title compounds were obtained in good to excellent yields and short reaction times. The structures of synthesized products were identified by infrared, ¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR, and mass spectroscopy.     

等离子体法合成超细碳氮化钛固溶体微粉

本研究以tiCl4、CH4和N3或NH3为原料, 在直流电弧氢等离子体反应器中合成了三元超细碳氮化钛(TiCxN1-x)固溶体微粉。考察了不同氮源及其加入量对产物组成的影响。所得不同固溶度的微粉各自都具有均一的化学组成和相组成, 平均粒径<100um, 比表面>10m^2/g, 主相含量>97±10^-^2┘     

Low temperature synthesis and characterization of porous anatase TiO2 nanoparticles

An ethanol solution of Ti-peroxy compounds was prepared from the ethanol solution of titanium isopropoxide (Ti(O-iPr)4) and H2O2. Heating of the ethanol solution of the Ti-peroxy compounds at 348 K formed a Ti-peroxy gel, and heat treatment of the gel at 348 K for more than 6 h formed gels that consisted of anatase nanoparticles. The diameter of the anatase nanoparticles increased from 9 to 15 nm as the heating time increased from 6 to 48 h. According to the results of the N2 adsorption measurement, the anatase nanoparticles had micropores, and the specific surface area (SBET) was in the range of 254 to 438 m2/g. The particle size, lattice strain, specific surface area, and photocatalytic activity of the anatase nanoparticles can be regulated by the heating time of the Ti-peroxy gel at 348 K.     

State selective electron injection in non-aggregated titanium phthalocyanine sensitised nanocrystalline TiO2 films

We describe a novel titanium phthalocyanine that shows no aggregation when anchored to nanocrystalline TiO2 films through its axial carboxylated ligand without the use of co-adsorbents; state selective electron injection into the TiO2 is demonstrated, resulting in efficient photocurrent generation in dye sensitised photoelectrochemical solar cells.     

不同方法制备Ni-WO_3/TiO_2-ZrO_2催化剂及其性能研究

考察了Ti O2-Zr O2载体制备方法对Ni-WO3/Ti O2-Zr O2催化正庚烷异构化反应性能的影响.通过BET、XRD、SEM和NH3-TPD的表征结果表明,以模板-溶胶-凝胶法制备Ti O2-Zr O2载体时,Ni-WO3/Ti O2-Zr O2催化剂晶相结晶度较好,具有较适宜的表面酸性和比表面积,从而在正庚烷异构化反应中表现出较高的催化活性和选择性,正庚烷的转化率和异庚烷的选择性分别为72.62%和80.81%.实验结果还表明,Ti O2-Zr O2比Zr O2、Si O2-Zr O2和Al2O3-Zr O2更适宜作为载体制备催化剂应用于正庚烷异构化的反应中.