分子筛负载TiO_2/SO_4~(2-)催化合成乙酰丙酸乙酯的研究

乙酰丙酸乙酯是一种新型香料 ,主要用于烟草香精去除尼古丁 ,也用于水果保鲜。目前国内只有极少数厂家以硫酸为催化剂生产该产品。如果以固体超强酸作催化剂 ,不但可克服用硫酸作催化剂时易污染环境、腐蚀设备的缺点 ,而且在有机合成反应尤其是酯化反应中显示出非常高的活性 ,因而受到国内外科技工作者和企业家的高度重视[1 ,2 ] ,成为催化剂研究的热点之一。我们研制了以分子筛为载体的ＴｉＯ2 /ＳＯ2 -4 固体超强酸催化剂 (简称ＢＳＴ型催化剂 ) ,并用其催化合成了乙酰丙酸乙酯。1　实验1 1　试剂与仪器1 3Ｘ型4ｍｍ球状分子筛 (上海环…     

固体超强酸SO4/ZnO-TiO2催化合成柠檬酸三丁酯

以固体超强酸SO4/ZnO-TiO2作催化剂,柠檬酸、正丁醇为原料合成了柠檬酸三丁酯(TBC).考察了反应条件对酯化率的影响.结果表明,固体超强酸SO4/ZnO-TiO2是合成柠檬酸三丁酯的良好催化剂,最佳反应条件为:正丁醇和柠檬酸的摩尔比为4.0:1,反应温度130℃-140℃,反应时间2.5h,催化剂用量为柠檬酸质...     

稀土固体超强酸SO2-4/TiO2/La3+催化合成苯乙酸乙酯

苯乙酸乙酯,常作为修饰剂和主香剂,应用于烟草、食品、日用化妆品等行业,还可以用于生产巴比妥类催眠药鲁米那,也可作溶剂.工业生产中采用硫酸催化合成苯乙酸乙酯,但硫酸有脱水和氧化作用,生成众多副产物,产物后处理工艺复杂,污水排放量大,严重腐蚀设备.本文合成了稀土固体超强酸SO2-4/TiO2/La3+催化剂,考察了影响催化活性的一些因数及催化合成苯乙酸乙酯的条件.此催化剂不仅克服了浓硫酸催化的一些缺点,而且酯化率高,反应时间缩短一半,反应温度降低15℃,容易回收、可以多次重复使用,适宜工业生产.     

稀土固体超强酸SO2-4/TiO2-La3+催化硝化甲苯的研究

研究了以固体超强酸SO2-4/TiO2-La3+作为催化剂,浓硝酸和甲苯为原料合成硝基甲苯,并考察了影响反应的因素.结果表明,催化剂用浓度为1.0 mol·L-1硫酸浸泡3小时,反应催化剂用量为硝酸质量的10%,反应时间为3小时,反应温度为55℃是最适宜的反应条件,甲苯转化率达90.14%,邻对比达0.89.     

稀土固体超强酸SO4^2-／TiO2-La^3＋催化硝化甲苯的研究

研究了以固体超强酸SO24-/TiO2-La3 作为催化剂,浓硝酸和甲苯为原料合成硝基甲苯,并考察了影响反应的因素。结果表明,催化剂用浓度为1.0 mol.L-1硫酸浸泡3小时,反应催化剂用量为硝酸质量的10%,反应时间为3小时,反应温度为55℃是最适宜的反应条件,甲苯转化率达90.14%,邻对比达0.89。     

SO2-4/TiO2-SiO2固体超强酸的结构及其光催化性能

自从Arata等[1]首次报道无卤素型SO2-4/MxOy固体超强酸体系以来, 对该类催化剂的研究引起了人们的广泛重视. 大量研究工作表明, 固体超强酸催化剂对丁烷异构化、苯衍生物烷基化、链烷烃裂解和乙烯二聚等诸多酸催化的反应表现出极高的反应活性[2]. 最近, 我们把SO2-4/TiO2型固体超强酸应用于有机物的光催化氧化反应, 研究发现TiO2光催化剂经H2SO4浸渍处理形成固体超强酸后, 催化剂的光催化活性大大提高, 并具有很好的反应活性、稳定性和抗湿性能[3];     

稀土固体超强酸SO_4~(2-)/TiO_2/La~(3+)催化合成苯乙酸乙酯

苯乙酸乙酯 ,常作为修饰剂和主香剂 ,应用于烟草、食品、日用化妆品等行业 ,还可以用于生产巴比妥类催眠药鲁米那 ,也可作溶剂。工业生产中采用硫酸催化合成苯乙酸乙酯 ,但硫酸有脱水和氧化作用 ,生成众多副产物 ,产物后处理工艺复杂 ,污水排放量大 ,严重腐蚀设备。本文合成了稀土固体超强酸ＳＯ2 -4 /ＴｉＯ2 /Ｌａ3+催化剂 ,考察了影响催化活性的一些因数及催化合成苯乙酸乙酯的条件。此催化剂不仅克服了浓硫酸催化的一些缺点 ,而且酯化率高 ,反应时间缩短一半 ,反应温度降低 1 5℃ ,容易回收、可以多次重复使用 ,适宜工业生产。1　实验1 …     

稀土固体超强酸SO_4~(2-)/TiO_2-La~(3+)催化硝化甲苯的研究

研究了以固体超强酸SO24-/TiO2-La3+作为催化剂,浓硝酸和甲苯为原料合成硝基甲苯,并考察了影响反应的因素。结果表明,催化剂用浓度为1.0 mol.L-1硫酸浸泡3小时,反应催化剂用量为硝酸质量的10%,反应时间为3小时,反应温度为55℃是最适宜的反应条件,甲苯转化率达90.14%,邻对比达0.89。     

稀土固体超强酸SO2-4/TiO2/La3 +催化合成丙酸苄酯

采用浸渍法制备了稀土固体超强酸SO2-4/TiO2/La3+,并运用IR、XRD和Hammett指示剂法对其进行了表征.以制备的固体超强酸SO2-4/TiO23+为催化剂、丙酸和苯甲醇为原料合成了丙酸苄酯.考察了催化剂的制备条件及合成条件对酯化率的影响,结果显示催化剂最佳制备条件:钛前体氧化物的浸渍液为含0.07 mol·L-1 La3+的硫酸溶液,焙烧时间3 h,焙烧温度500℃.最佳反应条件:醇酸摩尔比为1:2、催化剂用量为苯甲醇用量的9.3%、反应时间3 h、反应温度120℃,酯化率达84.0%以上.用IR、1H-NMR等手段对产品进行了表征.     

含稀土超强酸催化剂S2O8^2-/ZrO2-SiO2-Sm2O3的结构表征

目前有很多关于硫酸促进性固体超强酸催化剂的研究报道[1],其中硫酸浸渍氧化锆这类催化剂易制备,对于骨架异构、酯化和其他反应具有很高的活性.近年来,关于这类催化剂的制备、表征和应用的报道很多[2,3].     

Sc2MgGa2 and Y2MgGa2

Scandium magnesium gallide, Sc₂MgGa₂, and yttrium magnesium gallide, Y₂MgGa₂, were synthesized from the corresponding elements by heating under an argon atmosphere in an induction furnace. These intermetallic compounds crystallize in the tetragonal Mo₂FeB₂‐type structure. All three crystallographically unique atoms occupy special positions and the site symmetries of (Sc/Y, Ga) and Mg are m2m and 4/m, respectively. The coordinations around Sc/Y, Mg and Ga are pentagonal (Sc/Y), tetragonal (Mg) and triangular (Ga) prisms, with four (Mg) or three (Ga) additional capping atoms leading to the coordination numbers [10], [8+4] and [6+3], respectively. The crystal structure of Sc₂MgGa₂ was determined from single‐crystal diffraction intensities and the isostructural Y₂MgGa₂ was identified from powder diffraction data.     

Electrochemical study of (NEt4)2Cl2FeS2MoS2 and (NEt4)2Cl2FeS2MoS2FeCl2

Summary The ability of [MoS₄]^2–, anions to be used as ligands for transition metal ions has been widely demonstrated, especially with Fe²⁺. The present study has been restricted to linear complexes such as (NEt₄)₂ [Cl₂FeS₂MoS₂] and (NEt₄)₂[Cl₂FeS₂MoS₂FeCl₂]. Their electrochemical properties are described: upon electrochemical reduction, these compounds yield MoS₂, as a black precipitate, and an iron complex in solution, assumed to be [SFeCl₂]^2–. The electrochemical reduction goes through two electron transfers, coupled with the breakdown of the molecular skeleton: a DISPl and an ECE mechanism. Depending on the solvent, the following equilibrium may be observed: [Cl₄Fe₂MoS₄]^2–[Cl₂FeMoS₄]^2–+FeCl₂. The equilibrium constant, K_D, was evaluated by differential pulse polarography. K_D is tightly related to the donor number of the solvent.     

The alkali hypophosphites KH2PO2, RbH2PO2 and CsH2PO2

The structures of the hypophosphites KH₂PO₂ (potassium hypophosphite), RbH₂PO₂ (rubidium hypophosphite) and CsH₂PO₂ (caesium hypophosphite) have been determined by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. The structures consist of layers of alkali cations and hypophosphite anions, with the latter bridging four cations within the same layer. The Rb and Cs hypophosphites are isomorphous.     

Zur Kenntnis der Dialkalimetalldichalkogenide β-Na2S2, K2S2, α-Rb2S2, β-Rb2S2, K2Se2, Rb2Se2, α-K2Te2, β-K2Te2 und Rb2Te2

On Dialkali Metal Dichalcogenides β-Na₂S₂, K₂S₂, α-Rb₂S₂, β-Rb₂S₂, K₂Se₂, Rb₂Se₂, α-K₂Te₂, β-K₂Te₂ and Rb₂Te₂ The first presentation of pure samples of α- and β-Rb₂S₂, α- and β-K₂Te₂, and Rb₂Te₂ is described. Using single crystals of K₂S₂ and K₂Se₂, received by ammonothermal synthesis, the structure of the Na₂O₂ type and by using single crystals of β-Na₂S₂ and β-K₂Te₂ the Li₂O₂ type structure will be refined. By combined investigations with temperature-dependent Guinier-, neutron diffraction-, thermal analysis, and Raman-spectroscopy the nature of the monotropic phase transition from the Na₂O₂ type to the Li₂O₂ type will be explained by means of the examples α-/β-Na₂S₂ and α-/β-K₂Te₂. A further case of dimorphic condition as well as the monotropic phase transition of α- and β-Rb₂S₂ is presented. The existing areas of the structure fields of the dialkali metal dichalcogenides are limited by the model of the polar covalence.     

Formal [(2+2)+2] and [(2+2)+(2+2)] nonconjugated dienediyne cascade cycloadditions

[reaction: see text] Fluoranthene 2 and heptacycle 3 are easily accessible from the reaction of diyne 1 and norbornadiene (NBD) in the presence of the rhodium catalyst. The unusual [(2+2)+(2+2)] adduct 3 was confirmed by the X-ray crystal structure analysis.     

Crystal Structures of [Bu2Sn(O2PPh2)2], [Ph2Sn(O2PPh2)2], and [PhClSn(O2PPh2)OMe]2. Raman Spectra of [Ph2Sn(O2PPh2)2] and [PhClSn(O2PPh2)OMe]2

[(n‐Bu)₂Sn(O₂PPh₂)₂] ( 1 ), and [Ph₂Sn(O₂PPh₂)₂] ( 2 ) have been synthesized by the reactions of R₂SnCl₂ (R=n‐Bu, Ph) with HO₂PPh₂ in Methanol. From the reaction of Ph₂SnCl₂ with diphenylphosphinic acid a third product [PhClSn(O₂PPh₂)OMe]₂ ( 3 ) could be isolated. X‐ray diffraction studies show 1 to crystallize in the monoclinic space group P2₁/c with a = 1303.7(1) pm, b = 2286.9(2) pm, c = 1063.1(1) pm, β = 94.383(6)°, and Z = 4. 2 crystallizes triclinic in the space group , the cell parameters being a = 1293.2(2) pm, b = 1478.5(4) pm, c = 1507.2(3) pm, α = 98.86(3)°, β = 109.63(2)°, γ = 114.88(2)°, and Z = 2. Both compounds form arrays of eight‐membered rings (SnOPO)₂ linked at the tin atoms to form chains of infinite length. The dimer 3 consists of a like ring, in which the tin atoms are bridged by methoxo groups. It crystallizes triclinic in space group with a = 946.4(1) pm, b = 963.7(1) pm, c = 1174.2(1) pm, α = 82.495(6)°, β = 66.451(6)°, γ = 74.922(6)°, and Z = 1 for the dimer. The Raman spectra of 2 and 3 are given and discussed.     

Die Photoionenspektren von SCl2, S2Cl2 und S2Br2

Photoionization Mass Spectra of SCl₂, S₂Cl₂, and S₂Br₂ Photoionization mass spectra of SCl₂, S₂Cl₂, and S₂Br₂ have been measured. Heats of formation, bond energies, and ionization potentials of fragments have been calculated from appearance potentials.