用杂多酸催化处理的重质松节油组成分析

对用杂多酸催化处理过的重质松节油的组成进行了分析．结果表明：重质松节油中润β-石竹保的含量从24．6％下降到2．6％左右．将催化处理后的重质松节油精馏，得到了含量80％以上的长叶烯。     

松香和松节油综合利用的发展动态

松香和松节油是两种特殊的农林产品,可当作独特的化工原料。随着世界现代科学技术与工业生产的迅速发展,松香和松节油在工业上的用途不断增加,需求量日益增长,广泛用于造纸、橡胶、涂料、油墨、化工、塑料、肥皂、农药、香料和医药等方面,成为现代工业的重要原料之一。本文叙述了松香和松节油国内外产销及利用概况,并提出综合利用的发展方向。     

国家自然科学基金"七五"重大项目《我国独特的、丰产的若干天然产物的研究》通过验收

天然产物在这里主要是指我国独特的、丰产的动植物资源。我国拥有十分丰富的天然产物资源。例如松脂是我国南方各省区的马尾松、云南松、思茅松、湿地松等树种在夏秋之季流出的一种树脂(即松脂),其中含松节油(主要是蒎烯)约15％,松香主要是松香酸)约80％。目前国内可年产松节油约7—12万吨,松香约60～80万吨,就其产量而言,居世界前列,是我国最重要的、丰产的天然产物之一。就其利用而言,国内使用不到一半,而一半以上均以粗产品或原料出口日本、澳大利亚等国。又如药用植物的使用历史悠久,经验丰富,居世界前列。但国内对其化学和活性成分的研究却落后于一些发达国家。面对这一极不平衡的现状,     

氢化松香及其衍生物的制备研究进展

氢化松香是重要的天然可再生资源松香的深加工产品之一,在电子、食品、医药等领域有着重要的用途。本文介绍了氢化松香的主要组分、氢化松香国内外工业化生产历程及氢化松香制备工艺,特别是由贵金属钯和非贵金属镍为催化剂的制备工艺的研究现状;对近年来氢化松香和二氢枞酸衍生物,主要是以氢化松香为整体的衍生物的制备研究进行了综述,并对氢化松香及其衍生物研究前景进行了展望。     

松香及其改性产品的红外光谱法快速鉴别

由于松香、马来松香、聚合松香、歧化松香和氢化松香及其酯等松香深加工产品外观相似,很难凭感官鉴别,给执法部门的监管和企业产品的质量控制造成很大困难。本文通过选用不同松香深加工产品作为研究对象,分类别比较其傅里叶红外光谱和二阶导数红外光谱,对其进行快速鉴别。研究表明:利用红外光谱和二阶导数红外光谱特征吸收峰的位置和吸收强度等差异信息可将它们快速准确鉴别。     

环氧改性松香的研究

松香是我国林产化学工业最重要的产品,脂松香年产量50万吨,居世界第一位.开展松香的改性研究,可以将其按人们的意向转化为高产值的精细化工产品,对充分利用我国丰富的脂松香资源具有重要的意义. 松香是一类具有三环菲骨架的含有二个烯键的一元羧酸,利用这两个活性基团进行改性研究,从而赋予松香具有所希望的性能,达到化学改性的目的.     

松脂的催化歧化反应产物的气相色谱-质谱分析

采用气相色谱-质谱技术对松脂的催化歧化新工艺的反应产物进行分析,共分离出45个峰,鉴定出其中的38个化合物,并发现松脂歧化产物中歧化松节油的主要成分为对伞花烃,含量为16.26%;歧化松香的主要成分为脱氢枞酸和氢化树脂酸,其含量分别为41.58%和21.43%。在此基础上对松脂歧化反应过程进行了初步探讨,认为松脂原料中的酸性物质发生分子间氢转移反应,萜烯烃的存在促进了脱氢反应的进行;在树脂酸提供的酸性环境下松脂原料中中性油的主要成分双环单萜烯发生开环异构形成单环单萜烯,单环单萜烯再进行催化脱氢转化为对伞花烃。分析结果表明,直接以松脂为原料进行催化歧化反应可同时获得特级歧化松香和高含量的对伞花烃。     

阳离子化松香的研究(Ⅰ)

松香作为一种丰富廉价的可再生资源已成为重要的基本化工原料,其应用涉及到300多个行业.我国是松香的主产国,80年代产量已跃居世界首位,但每年60%的松香都是以低附加值的初级产品出口,松香的再加工率仅7%,而发达国家松香的再加工率却高达100%,因此开发松香的深加工改性产品对于充分利用资源,改进松香产品的性能,扩展其应用领域都十分重要.     

两种新型有机硅莰烯衍生物的合成研究

松节油是我国一种丰富的天然可再生资源,产量居世界首位,但我国的松节油高值化利用还很落后。应用现代有机化学的新成果,将天然可再生资源进行化学转化,以期形成高值的精细化学产品,并进而推动有机合成化学,天然有机化学的发展,这是有机化学发展的一个重要方向,在我国具有重要的意义。莰烯是由松节油中的α-蒎烯异构而成的烯烃。本文利用莰烯为原料,合成了一种新型硅烷偶联剂和一种新型烷基改性硅油。     

重质油分子化学结构分析及性质预测

对重质油HVGO基本物性和化学结构进行了详细分析和研究.利用实验得到的核磁共振氢谱、相对分子质量、红外光谱等数据,采用改进的Brown-Ladner方法,获得重质油的化学平均结构为C24H38S0.33N0.04.并采用分子动力学与密度泛函相结合的方法,获得重质油平均分子的最可几空间构象,分析其相关电子性质可知,苯环的电子云密度较大,较易被吸附在分子筛催化剂表面,发生催化反应,由此建议加工此类重质油的催化剂应采用具有梯级孔道分布的催化剂以保证裂解性能和产品选择性.     

Characterisation of fresh and aged terpenic resins by micro-FTIR and GC-MS analyses of varnishes in XVI-XVII centuries paintings

Resinous materials, generally added to drying oils, were often employed as final protective films in paintings, both in tempera and oil techniques. Most of the resins used in fine arts come from exudates of plants. Natural resins are mainly composed by terpenoids. Among these resins, dammar, rosin, mastic, elemi gum, Venice turpentine were frequently employed in easel paintings. The aim of this work is the identification of natural resins in samples collected from works of art. In this paper we propose to use micro-FTIR spectrometry as a preliminary and non destructive technique to detect the presence of resinous materials in microsamples collected from paintings, followed by GC-MS analyses to obtain a precise identification of the resin. To reach this aim commercial resins, employed as standard, were analysed previously by micro-FTIR spectrometry and then analysed by GC-MS chromatography, searching characteristic chemical compounds used as "markers" of resins. The results obtained on standards allowed us to successfully analyse samples collected from two works of art: the "Portrait of a Young Gentleman", by Lorenzo Lotto (XVI century), and the "Madonna with the Infant Jesus and Saints": by Carlo Maratta (XVII secolo).     

聚合松香的制备及其含量测定

以工业松香为原料,用硫酸-无水氯化锌作催化剂制备聚合松香.在70℃下,用甲苯溶解松香(松香和甲苯的重量比为1∶1),加入n(H2SO4)∶n(ZnCl2)=0.6的催化剂,120℃温度聚合反应10 h和270℃减压蒸馏(200 Pa)的条件下,所得一级聚合松香的二聚松香的含量≥90.5%,软化点182℃,酸值150.6 mg KOH/g,收率≥74%;二级聚合的二聚松香的含量≥65%,软化点135℃,酸值157 mg KOH/g,收率≥95%.用GC-MS分离出二聚体中的14个异构体;通过测定松香单体和二聚体的相对校正因子,采用面积归一法测定产品二聚体的含量.     

松节油催化水化混合物的气相色谱分析

In industry,terpineol is obtained from catalytic hydration of turpentine oil. The products in this reactionare very complicated so that it is difficult to monitor the reaction process. By using GC with PEG-20M col-umn under temperature programnung condition,the author analysed the hydrated mixtures of turpentine oil. The separation of isomers of turpentine oil or terpineol and the precision of quantitative analysis are good.     

添加改性松香对生漆漆膜性能的影响

通过添加松香、改性松香对生漆漆膜进行改性,研究结果表明,加入改性松香能改善生漆漆膜性能,在反应温度为80℃时,加入生漆质量5％的聚合松香效果最佳,附着力为1级,抗冲击力为35kg／cm,铅笔划痕为3H。反应温度对漆膜性能有很大影响,当加入生漆质量5％的聚合松香,反应温度从50℃升至80℃时,附着力从3级提高到1级,抗冲击力从10kg／cm提高到35kg／cm,铅笔划痕从H升至3H。红外光谱分析表明,天然松香对生漆性能的增强效果是由于与生漆发生了化学反应,而聚合松香对生漆性能的增强效果是协同作用造成的。     

Synthesis of acrylic rosin derivatives and application as negative photoresist

Functional monomers containing a rosin moiety, maleopimaric acid anhydride (MPA) and fumaropimaric acid (FPA) were synthesized from gum rosin. Monofunctional acrylic rosin derivatives were synthesized from esterification of MPA and various acrylates, (2-hydroxyethyl acrylate) (HEA), 3-hydroxypropyl acrylate, and 4-hydroxybutyl acrylate. Monofunctional monomers were copolymerized with (methyl methacrylate) (MMA) by radical polymerization. Trifunctional acrylate was synthesized from FPA and HEA. All the monomers and polymers showed good solubility and low absorbance in the UV region (200-400 nm). Negative patterns from rosin derivatives were obtained by two methods, one is a photocuring method using trifunctional acrylate and copolymers, and the other is photocrosslinking of copolymers using a photocrosslinker under UV (I-line) radiation. Negative photoresists containing rosin moiety showed high contrast and minimum linewidth of 2.2 μm.     

Combining renewable gum rosin and lignin: Towards hydrophobic polymer composites by controlled polymerization

Rosin polymer–grafted lignin composites were prepared via “grafting from” atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) with the aid of 2‐bromoisobutyryl ester‐modified lignin as macroinitiators. Three different monomers derived from dehydroabietic acid (DA) were used for execution of grafting from ATRP, while DA was separately attached onto lignin by a simple esterification reaction. Kinetic studies indicated controlled and “living” characteristics of all monomer polymerizations. Thermal studies indicated that rosin polymer–grafted lignin composites exhibited glass transition temperatures in a broad temperature range from ～20 to 100°C. The grafting of both DA and rosin polymers significantly enhanced hydrophobicity of lignin. Static contact angle measurement of water droplets showed ～90° for all these rosin modified lignin composites. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy demonstrated that the surface of rosin–lignin composites was dominated with chemical compositions originating from the hydrocarbon rich rosin moiety. The impartation of hydrophobicity of rosin into lignin provided excellent water resistance of this class of renewable polymers, as all rosin‐modified lignin composites showed water uptake below 1.0 wt %. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2011     

松香改性制备表面活性剂及其应用研究进展

从松香出发,可制备阴离子、阳离子、非离子和两性离子等四类表面活性剂。文章综述了国内外近年来以松香和改性松香为主要原料合成表面活性剂及其应用方面的研究进展,分别讨论了这些表面活性剂在使用过程中的主要优势和存在问题。