反相微乳液法制备纳米Al2O3颗粒及其形成反应机理的研究

通过聚乙二醇辛基苯基醚(曲拉通X-100)/正丁醇/环己烷/水溶液形成的体系, 采用反相微乳液法合成了Al₂O₃纳米粒子. 对前驱体进行热分析(TG-DTG-DTA), 确定了合适的煅烧温度为1150 ℃. 采用X射线衍射(XRD)、透射电镜(TEM)、紫外可见分光光度法(UV-vis)分别对产物的结构、粒度和形貌进行了表征, 考察了微乳液中水与表面活性剂的物质的量之比(ω_o)、煅烧温度和煅烧时升温速率等关键因素对产物形貌和晶相的影响, 并通过分析进一步揭示了Al₂O₃纳米粒子的形成机理. 结果表明, 控制ω_o为10、煅烧温度为1150 ℃可得到分散性好、粒径分布均匀的Al₂O₃纳米粒子, 且2 ℃/min的升温速率更有利于产物向稳定的α晶相转变.     

反相微乳液法制备纳米Al2O3颗粒及其形成反应机理的研究

通过聚乙二醇辛基苯基醚(曲拉通X-100)/正丁醇/环己烷/水溶液形成的体系, 采用反相微乳液法合成了Al₂O₃纳米粒子. 对前驱体进行热分析(TG-DTG-DTA), 确定了合适的煅烧温度为1150 ℃. 采用X射线衍射(XRD)、透射电镜(TEM)、紫外可见分光光度法(UV-vis)分别对产物的结构、粒度和形貌进行了表征, 考察了微乳液中水与表面活性剂的物质的量之比(ω_o)、煅烧温度和煅烧时升温速率等关键因素对产物形貌和晶相的影响, 并通过分析进一步揭示了Al₂O₃纳米粒子的形成机理. 结果表明, 控制ω_o为10、煅烧温度为1150 ℃可得到分散性好、粒径分布均匀的Al₂O₃纳米粒子, 且2 ℃/min的升温速率更有利于产物向稳定的α晶相转变.     

BaLiF3:Ce 3+纳米粒子的制备及其光谱特性

BaLiF3属立方钙钛矿型复合氟化物, 作为高效闪烁晶体可用于热中子检测［1］. 由于其能带隙宽, 易于实现各种不同价态稀土离子掺杂, 可以获得许多可调谐性质, 因此它也是比较理想的光学功能材料的基质［2］. Ce3+激活的BaLiF3晶体作为紫外发射的短波固体激光材料和光放大材料的研究多有报道［3~5］     

球形Gd2O3∶Eu纳米发光材料的制备

Spherical nanometer Gd₂O₃∶Eu luminescent materials were prepared by homogeneous precipitation method, and the properties were studied also. TG, FTIR and XRD analysis showed that the precursor was carbonate, the cubic Gd₂O₃was obtained after calcination. TEM photographs indicated that the samples were spherical and well dispersed with nanometer and submicrometer size of 200～300 nm which is the nanoparticles’ aggregate. The mechanics of agglomerating growth is also discussed. ED photograph showed that the particle was crystalline. The PL analysis exhibited that CTB band of nanometer Gd₂O₃∶Eu was of 17 nm red shift to bulk materials, and the emission peak was broadened due to the surface and interface effect of nanocrystals.     

KMgF3∶Ce3+,Tb3+纳米粒子中Ce3+→Tb3+的发光及能量传递

利用微乳液方法,合成了铈、铽共掺杂的氟镁钾纳米粒子,研究了体系中Ce³⁺→Tb³⁺的发光特性以及它们之间的相互作用,结果表明KMgF₃∶Ce³⁺,Tb³⁺纳米粒子中存在Ce³⁺→Tb³⁺的能量传递过程,即Ce³⁺可以将吸收的能量直接传递给Tb³⁺离子,使得Tb³⁺的绿色发光强度大为增加。     

水热法制备多层核壳结构Gd2O3∶Eu3+空心微球

以稀土硝酸盐-葡萄糖的混合溶液作为前驱体,采用一步水热法和随后的热处理得到了多层核壳结构Gd₂O₃∶Eu³⁺空心微球,并用X-射线衍射(XRD)、场发射扫描电镜(FESEM)、透射电镜(TEM)、X-射线能量色散光谱(EDS)和荧光光谱等测试手段对所得样品进行了表征。结果表明：所得空心球样品为纯的立方相的Gd₂O₃。具有规则的多层核壳空心结构,空心球的直径在2~3 μm左右,壁厚约为100 nm,并且Gd₂O₃∶Eu³⁺空心球是由尺寸约为30 nm的球形纳米颗粒自组装而成。样品中含有Gd、Eu、O元素。该空心球样品具有强的Eu³⁺的特征红光发射以及长的荧光寿命,可以用来作为时间分辨荧光标记物。     

反相微乳液法合成SrTiO3纳米棒

SrTiO₃ nanorods were synthesized in cetanyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) reverse microemulsion containing CTAB, n-hexanol, n-octane and water with Ba(OH)₂ as reactants. The effects of different conditions such as ω₀ [ω₀=n_H2O/ n_CTAB], aging time and the concentration of reactants on the formation of the nanorods were studied. Transmission electron microscope (TEM), electron diffraction (ED) and X-ray diffraction(XRD)were used to characterize the morphology and the structure of the synthesized nanorods. The results show that SrTiO₃ nanorods with a length of 260～2 000 nm and a diameter of 50～100 nm belonging to single crystal are single cubic system. The molar ratio of Sr to Ti of products is 1.0 as determinded by ICP.     

反相微乳液法制备纳米SiO2的研究

在壬基酚聚氧乙烯5醚(NP-5)/环己烷/氨水的反相微乳液体系中，进行正硅酸乙酯(TEOS)的水解、缩合反应，得到粒径在30～50 nm的单分散纳米SiO₂胶体。红外光谱法(FTIR)及透射电子显微镜(TEM)观察证明了纳米SiO₂粒子的生成。反相微乳液体系相图的研究表明，水相为氨水比纯水有较窄的W/O型微乳区。氨水微乳液是碱催化TEOS水解、缩合制备纳米SiO₂粒子的适宜体系。当体系中TEOS的浓度增大时，粒子的粒径随之增大。降低NP-5     

微乳液法制备纳米粒子

介绍了W／O型微乳液内超细颗粒的形成机理、制备的技术关键，综述了近年来国内外微乳法制备纳米粒子的最新进展。引用文献37篇。     

低温凝胶燃烧法合成Y2O3∶Er3+，Yb3+纳米晶上转换发光材料

分别以柠檬酸和甘氨酸为燃烧剂,采用低温凝胶燃烧法合成了Er³⁺、Yb³⁺共掺Y₂O₃纳米晶粉体。通过TG-DSC、XRD、SEM等分析手段对两种燃烧剂所对应的反应过程及纳米晶粉体的物理性能进行了分析,结果表明甘氨酸法具有更高的反应效率、更好的粉体分散性及粒径均匀性。在980 nm激光二极管(LD)激发下,对甘氨酸法所得样品的上转换发光性能分析表明,绿光和红光发射谱带分别来自于Er³⁺的⁴S_3/2/ ²H_11/2→ ⁴I_15/2和⁴F_9/2→ ⁴I_15/2跃迁。此外,对Er³⁺和Yb³⁺掺杂浓度、粉体煅烧温度对纳米晶样品上转换发光性能的影响进行了讨论。     

草酸盐热分解法制备CeO_2负载CuO催化剂用于CO优先氧化反应

采用草酸盐热分解-浸渍法制备了一系列不同CuO负载量的CuO/CeO_2催化剂,并将其用于CO优先氧化(PROX)研究.当CuO负载量为10%时催化剂活性最高,具有温区最宽且温度最低的CO完全转化窗口(96~160℃),并且当反应温度低于131℃时,产物中CO2选择性始终保持100%.研究结果表明,当负载少量CuO时,Cu~(2+)离子会进入CeO_2晶格形成固溶体;进一步提高CuO负载量会导致CuO在CeO_2表面聚集.对于CuO/CeO_2催化剂,形成Cu-Ce固溶体会在催化剂表面生成大量的表面氧空位和Ce3+;Ce3+则与Cu~(2+)作用产生更多的表面Cu~+,而Cu~+是CO PROX的活性中心,因此表面Ce3+含量的提高和Cu-Ce之间相互作用的增强是活性提高的主要原因.与普通沉淀-浸渍法制备的CuO/CeO_2催化剂相比,草酸盐热分解-浸渍法制备的催化剂更有利于Cu-Ce固溶体的形成,从而具有更多的表面Ce3+和更强的表面Cu-Ce相互作用,因此具有更高的CO优先氧化活性.     

二水草酸亚铁热分解反应动力学

用原位XRD技术和热重法分析了二水草酸亚铁的热分解过程, 并进行了动力学研究. 通过结合主曲线法和统计方法判定了热分解过程的动力学模型函数, 并求算了动力学参数. 在静态自产气氛下, 二水草酸亚铁脱水反应遵循随机成核与核增长模型, 草酸亚铁热分解生成氧化铁遵循相界面控制动力学模型. 结果表明, 该方法可以准确、可靠地判定非等温热分解反应的动力学模型函数,并求算动力学参数.     

Thermal Decomposition Studies of Neodymium Praseodymium Oxalate Decahydrate Crystals

Neodymium praseodymium oxalate decahydrate crystals were grown using silica gel technique by the controlled reaction of rare earth nitrates with oxalic acid. The grown crystal were characterized using X-ray powder diffraction and thermogravimetric analysis. The thermal decomposition process of the crystals is in good agreement with the proposed crystal structure. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Catalytic Property of Perovskite-Type Oxide Prepared by Thermal Decomposition of Heteronuclear Complex

It is well-known that the perovskite-type oxides exhibit high catalytic activity for oxidation reaction. The present paper concentrates on catalytic activity and surface composition of the perovskite-type oxide prepared by thermal decomposition of heteronuclear complex.     

纳米碳酸锌的制备和热分解动力学参数的测定

Nanosized zinc carbonate was prepared in the droplet of nano-reactor based on microemusion. The influences of the concentration of the surfactant and reactant on the diameter of nanoparticles were studied and the kinetic pa-rameters of thermal decomposition reaction were determined. It can be shown from experimental results， the di-ameter of the droplet in the microemulsion which have dissolved reactant zinc nitrate and sal volatile is between 4.9nm and 7.7nm， 6.2nm and 12.4nm， respectively. Nanosized zinc carbonate prepared by the method of mi-croemusion has shown good dispersion， narrow distribution and light agglomeration. The particle size of nanosized zinc carbonate is between 5nm and 40nm， and its kinetic parameters of thermal decomposition reaction-activation energy E and reaction order n are 110kJ·mol^-1 and 0.9， respectively.     

二水草酸锌脱水的热分解动力学研究

提出一种多升温速率-等温法确定机理函数g(α)的新方法;并用迭代的等转化率法求出较为可靠的活化能Ea;在Ea和g(α)的基础上计算出指前因子A.用该法对二水草酸锌（ZnC2O4•2H2O）脱水反应的热分解动力学三因子进行了求算,得出Ea为87.22 kJ•mol－1, A为4.2120×108～7.2328×108 s－1;以及随机成核和随后生长型机理函数Am（Avrami-Erofeer）,其积分形式g(α)=[－ln(1－α)] 1/m和微分形式f(α)=m(1－α)•[－ln(1－α)](1－1/m),调节因子m=1.85～2.00.     

Use of Emanation Thermal Analysis in Characterisation of Nanosized Hematite Prepared by Dry Grinding of Goethite

Hematite nanoparticles of narrow size distribution were prepared by grinding of goethite. Intermediate and final products of grinding were characterised by different techniques, including the less-common emanation thermal analysis (ETA). ETA was shown to be a useful technique for characterising processes of surface annealing, initial sintering and growth of hematite particles under in situ conditions of thermal treatment. A good agreement was found between results of ETA, TG, XRD, IR spectrometry, transmission electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy, used for characterisation of thermal behaviour of the goethite samples ground for varying time (0–70 h). This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

纳米/微米碳酸钙的结构表征和热分解行为

采用棕榈酸对纳米碳酸钙进行有机表面改性, 运用SEM﹑TEM、XRD、FTIR 及TG-DTG 对表面改性前后的纳米碳酸钙进行表征, 并与微米碳酸钙的微晶结构及热分解特性进行比较. FTIR 分析结果确证了棕榈酸与纳米碳酸钙表面是以化学键合和物理吸附方式相结合, 粒子表面存在羧基等有机官能团的红外吸收特征. 对比研究发现, 碳酸钙微晶纳米化后, 其红外V3特征吸收峰出现约35 cm-1 的蓝移现象, 并且明显窄化. 初步解释了纳米碳酸钙红外吸收峰蓝移的原因, 认为尺寸效应和晶体场效应是影响纳米碳酸钙红外光谱特征的主要因素. 微晶结构的变化使得纳米碳酸钙的热分解反应表现出反常特性, 热分解温度较微米碳酸钙下降了40.6 ℃.     

烷基羧甲砜基氢氧化铁热脱羧和热分解法制备纳米氧化铁

十六烷基羧甲砜基氢氧化铁和丁基羧甲砜基氢氧化铁通过热脱羧方法,合成了纳米氧化铁颗粒。采用X射线衍射、红外光谱及透射电镜等手段对纳米氧化铁的合成过程和结构特征进行了表征。制备的纳米氧化铁具有8~18 nm的晶粒尺寸。羧甲砜基的热脱羧过程使得表面活性剂从纳米颗粒表面去除相对容易,特别是丁基羧甲砜基化合物。十六烷基羧甲砜基氢氧化铁制备纳米氧化铁颗粒存在脱羧有机分子还原Fe³⁺过程,而丁基羧甲砜基氢氧化铁通过热脱羧分解的方式合成纳米氧化铁颗粒。     

微乳法制备纳米TiO2 /SiO2的结构及光催化研究

Nanosized TiO₂ and TiO₂/SiO₂ particles were prepared by hydrolysis of tetrabutyl titanate (TBOT) and tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) in the TX-100 reverse microemulsion. These particles were characterized by TG-DSC, XRD, FTIR, TEM，N₂ adsorption-desorption. Their photocatalytic activity was tested by degradation of methyl orange. The result shows that TiO₂/SiO₂ nanoparticles are with a monodispersed spherical phase and a uniform size distribution，and TiO₂ particles are dispersed on the surface of SiO₂. The band for Ti-O-Si vibration in FTIR was observed, the Ti-O-Si bond increased the stability of anatase TiO₂, suppressed the phase transformation of titania from anatase to rutile. And due to the addition of SiO₂, the average size of titania decreased from 38 nm in pure TiO₂ to 5 nm in TiO₂/SiO₂. It was found, under UV light irradiation, TiO₂/SiO₂ particles showed higher activity than pure TiO₂, and TiO₂/SiO₂(1/1) particles showed the highest photocatalytic activity on the photocatalytic decomposition of methyl orange, which was influenced by crystal structure, particle size, crystallinity and Surface area Characteristics.