用四氨基铝酞菁共振光散射技术测定纳克级核酸

痕量核酸对四氨基铝酞菁的共振散射光产生增强作用,且增强程度与核酸浓度之间有良好的线性关系.据此建立了测定核酸的高灵敏共振散射光增强分析方法.在pH=6.0、最大散射波长400nm处,测定小牛胸腺DNA(CTDNA)、鲑鱼精子DNA(SMDNA)和酵母RNA(YeastRNA)的线性范围分别是0～250ng/mL,0～200ng/mL和0～400ng/mL,检测限分别为1.4ng/mL,1.4ng/mL和2.7ng/mL.该法简单,灵敏度高,用于实际样品中核酸含量的测定,所得结果与紫外吸收法一致.     

电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法快速测定复混肥料中植物有益元素

采用电感耦合等离子原子发射光谱法(ICP-AES)同时测定复混肥料中5种植物有益元素钴、硒、硅、钠、镍的含量。实验结果显示,5种元素测定结果的相对标准偏差为0.16%～2.04%,加标回收率为100.78%～104.43%,检出限为0.006～11.10ng/mL。该方法操作简单、快速、精密度好、准确度高。     

电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱(ICP-AES)法测定硅锆合金中的铝和钙

通过硝酸、氢氟酸和盐酸分解试样,高氯酸冒烟驱走硅和氟,最后用盐酸溶解盐类,选择Al(396.152nm)、Ca(315.887nm)作为分析谱线,电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱(ICP-AES)法测定硅锆合金中的铝和钙。研究了锆离子(0.3mg/mL)和铁离子(0.2mg/mL)共存体系中基体效应和光谱干扰对待测元素测定的影响。结果表明,该质量浓度的锆离子和铁离子对待测元素的测定结果不产生影响。铝和钙的质量浓度在10~50μg/mL,其线性相关系数均不小于0.999,方法中铝和钙的检出限分别为0.009μg/mL和0.006μg/mL。按照实验方法测定硅锆合金中的铝和钙,结果的相对标准偏差(RSD,n=10)分别为0.85%和1.4%。方法适用,结果令人满意。     

密闭消解–电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定植物中的硫

建立密闭消解–电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定植物中硫含量的方法。以硝酸和过氧化氢为消解溶剂,利用聚丙烯离心管密闭消解样品,选择分析谱线为182.03 nm,用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定植物中的硫含量。硫元素的质量浓度在0～50.0 μg/mL范围内与光谱强度具有良好的线性关系,相关系数为0.999 9,方法检出限为0.000 6%。采用所建方法对湖南大米标准物质(GBW 10045a)和菠菜、绿茶样品进行6次平行测定,测定结果的相对标准偏差分别为2.23%、1.75%、1.11%;对圆白菜(GBW 10014a)、菠菜(GBW 10015a)、绿茶(GBW 10052a)、大葱(GBW 10049) 4种标准物质进行测定,测定值均在标准值不确定度范围内,相对误差分别为0.65%、0.08%、1.88%、1.12%。该方法操作简便、快捷,适用于大批量植物样品中硫的测定。     

同步荧光法测定大鼠尿液中色氨酸、异黄蝶呤和黄蝶呤

本文建立了大鼠尿液中色氨酸、异黄蝶呤和黄蝶呤的同步荧光分析方法,在KH2PO4-NaOH缓冲溶液(pH=8.0)中,波长差(△λ)为70nm的条件下进行同步荧光扫描,分别在275nm、325nm和400nm处测定色氨酸、异黄蝶呤和黄蝶呤。三种物质的仪器检出限分别为2.73ng/mL、0.52ng/mL和0.94ng/mL,对膀胱癌模型组和对照组的大鼠尿样进行了加标回收实验,平均回收率在80.5%~98.0%之间,相对标准偏差为0.62%~2.48%。方法已应用于大鼠尿样中色氨酸、异黄蝶呤和黄蝶呤的测定。     

Cu(Ⅱ)-桑色素-十六烷基三甲基溴化铵荧光体系测定微量Cu(Ⅱ)的研究

在H2SO4介质中,以十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTMAB)为增敏剂,微量Cu(Ⅱ)对桑色素的荧光具有明显的增强作用,据此建立了测定微量Cu(Ⅱ)的新方法。当最大激发波长和发射波长分别为417nm和497nm时,Cu(Ⅱ)在4.0~20ng/mL浓度范围内与桑色素荧光强度变化值(△F)呈线性关系,其检出限为0.39ng/mL。对12ng/mL Cu(Ⅱ)进行12次平行测定,相对标准偏差为0.76%。方法可用于不同环境水样中微量Cu(Ⅱ)的测定,回收率在96.1%~102.9%之间。     

阿苯达唑与12-磷钨酸相互作用的共振瑞利散射、二级散射和倍频散射光谱及其分析应用

在pH=1.5的HCl介质中,阿苯达唑(ABZ)与12-磷钨酸(TPA)形成摩尔比为3∶1的离子缔合物,从而引起共振瑞利散射(RRS)、二级散射(SOS)和倍频散射(FDS)光谱显著增强,其最大散射波长分别位于372nm、726nm和392nm。在一定范围内,三种散射信号的增强(△IRRS、△ISOS和△IFDS)均与ABZ的浓度呈线性关系。方法具有较高的灵敏度,RRS、SOS和FDS法对ABZ的检出限(3σ)分别为1.0ng/mL、3.7ng/mL和2.5ng/mL。考察了适宜的反应条件和共存物质的影响,结果表明该方法选择性良好。据此,提出了简便、快速、准确且高灵敏度的测定痕量ABZ的光散射新方法,并应用于片剂和尿样中ABZ的测定。     

湿消解-电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定药用胶囊中的铬含量

以硝酸作为消解液,采用湿消解-电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法(ICP-AES)测定药用胶囊中的铬含量.在0～80 ng/mL范围内,铬的浓度与发射光强度呈良好的线性关系,相关系数r=0.999 98,检出限为1.42 ng/mL.对3个浓度水平的铬标准溶液进行平行测定,测定结果的相对标准偏差为1.43％～1.79％(n=6),加标回收率为93.1％ ～110.0％.该方法可以用于药用胶囊中铬的日常检测.     

硫化镉纳米微粒作探针共振瑞利散射测定某些蒽环类抗癌药物

在pH=5.0—9.0的水溶液中, 硫化镉纳米微粒[(CdS)n]与蒽环类抗生素米托蒽醌(MXT)、 表柔比星(EPI)和柔红霉素(DNR)凭借静电引力及疏水作用力结合, 形成粒径更大的聚集体, 导致共振瑞利散射(RRS)的增强并产生新的RRS光谱, 最大的RRS峰位于292 nm(MXT体系)、 285 nm(DNR体系)和315 nm(EPI体系). 与此同时还观察到二级散射(SOS)和倍频散射(FDS)强度明显提高. 其最大SOS峰位于540 nm(MXT体系)和560 nm(EPI及DNR体系), 而最大的FDS峰分别位于335 nm(MXT体系)、 320 nm(EPI体系)和330 nm(DNR体系). 在一定条件下, 3种散射强度(ΔI)均与药物的浓度成正比, 反应具有高灵敏度, 对于3种药物的检出限在3.6—9.1 ng/mL之间. 其中(CdS)n-MXT体系灵敏度最高, 对MXT的检出限分别为4.1 ng/mL(RRS)、 3.8 ng/mL(SOS)和3.6 ng/mL(FDS). 据此发展了一种用纳米硫化镉作探针, 灵敏、 简便并快速测定蒽环类抗癌药物的共振瑞利散射新方法.     

电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定铅锌选矿流程原尾矿中铅锌铜

用5mL氟化氢铵(50g/L)、10mL盐酸、5mL硝酸、5mL高氯酸分解0.1g样品,盐酸(3%,V/V)为测定介质,定容在250mL容量瓶中,直接用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定铅锌选矿流程原尾矿中的铅、锌、铜3种元素。根据分析线的选择原则,结合待测元素的检测范围,选择无干扰、峰形对称、灵敏度适中的谱线Pb 220.353nm、Zn 213.856nm、Cu 324.754nm作为分析线。各元素的质量浓度在一定范围内与其发射强度呈线性,校准曲线的线性相关系数均大于0.999 9,方法中各元素检出限为0.066～0.51ng/mL。方法经国家标准物质分析验证,测定值与认定值相符。按照实验方法测定铅锌选矿流程原尾矿中铅、锌、铜,测试结果与火焰原子吸收光谱法测定结果一致。     

Determination of cadmium in polyethylene by analytical atomic spectrometry with gas-phase sample introduction technique

Cadmium in polyethylene was determined by both inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) and atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) with continuous-flow gas-phase sample introduction in a reaction medium of ascorbic acid. In the presence of mixture of cobalt and thiourea in the ascorbic acid solution, the sensitivities by both ICP-AES and AAS for cadmium were greatly enhanced. The gaseous cadmium species was phase-separated in a gas–liquid separator and directed via a stream of argon carrier gas to an inductively coupled plasma and an electrically heated quartz tube atomizer (QTA) for atomic spectrometry. Under the optimized experimental conditions, the best attainable detection limits at Cd I 228.802 nm line were 1.3 and 0.017 ng/ml with linear dynamic ranges of 10–500 ng/ml and 0.1–1 ng/ml in concentrations by ICP-AES and QTA-AAS, respectively. The instrumental precisions expressed as the relative standard deviation (R.S.D.) from ten replicate measurements of 50 and 1 ng/ml cadmium by ICP-AES and QTA-AAS were 5.6% and 3.2%, respectively. With the use of ICP-AES and QTA-AAS with gas-phase sample introduction method, six- and 200-fold improvements in detection limits for cadmium were obtained in comparison with their conventional solution nebulization methods, respectively. After the effects of several diverse elements on the determination of cadmium by ICP-AES and QTA-AAS with the present gas-phase sample introduction systems were examined, these methods were applied to the determination of low concentrations of cadmium in polyethylene. The results obtained by the present method were in good agreement with the certified values.     

电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法(ICP-AES)测定5XXX系铝合金中的高镁含量

采用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定5XXX系铝合金中的高镁含量,选择20mL稀王水溶液溶解试样,以消除合金中的基体元素及其它共存元素的干扰为目标,选择测定镁含量的分析谱线为280.270nm。分别称取与分析试样基体近似的三种铝合金标准物质0.100 0g,按试样相同的溶解方法处理并定容至100mL,选择仪器工作条件,制作分析曲线,进行曲线校准,按照同样的方法对4个样品各测定6次,测定值的相对标准偏差均不大于0.59%,用标准加入法测得加标回收率在94.0%~104.0%,测定值和环己二胺四乙酸分离络合滴定法测定的5XXX系铝合金中的镁量结果一致。     

Design and evaluation of a multi-detection system composed of ultraviolet, evaporative light scattering and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry detection for the analysis of pharmaceuticals by liquid chromatography

Reversed-phase liquid chromatography was coupled to a multi-detection system composed of ultraviolet (UV) detection, evaporative laser scattering detection (ELSD) and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). By applying the principle of post-column solvent compensation, the organic modifier content was kept constant in ELSD and ICP-MS under gradient elution. Chlorine ((35)Cl), bromine ((79)Br and (81)Br) and sulfur ((34)S) were monitored in several pharmaceutical compounds. The limit of quantitation (LOQ) was 80 ng/mL for chlorine (chlorpropamide) and 2 ng/mL for bromine (bromazepam). Calibration graphs were linear from 1.0 microg/mL to 100 microg/mL for chlorpropamide (r(2) 0.990) and from 10 ng/mL to 500 ng/mL for bromazepam (r(2) 0.996). The low LOQ value for bromine allows to quantify bromine in pharmaceutical samples below the 0.05% level of the active pharmaceutical ingredient.     

液化气中元素硫的高效液相色谱法分析

应用溶剂萃取、冷却气化方法对液化气样品进行前处理。对前处理制备的样品使用高效液相色谱法进行测定,以甲醇／水＝９５／５（Ｖ／Ｖ）为流动相,紫外检测（２５４ｎｍ）,在Ｃ１８柱上成功地分离并测定了元素硫的含量。方法检测限为０．１ｎｇ／ｇ,有良好的准确度与精密度,能充分满足各种液化气中元素硫的测定需要。     

电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定镍基钎料中硼

探讨了电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法(ICP-AES)测定镍基钎料中硼的分析条件.试样经王水低温溶解,然后高温发硫酸烟,选择182.641 nm作为分析谱线,同时采用基体匹配法配制标准样品,不仅有效降低了基体效应,同时解决了无标校正的问题,校准曲线的线性范围为0~0.06 mg/mL,相关系数为0.999 98.方法应用于实际样品分析,方法检出限为3×10^(-5)mg/mL(n=11),方法相对标准偏差为0.32%~0.65%,回收率为99.2%~100.6%.     

Simultaneous determination of niflumic acid and its prodrug, talniflumate in human plasma by high performance liquid chromatography

A high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method has been developed for the simultaneous determination of niflumic acid and its prodrug, talniflumate, in human plasma. Niflumic acid and talniflumate were eluted isocratically with methanol-water (73:27, v/v, adjusted to pH 3.5 by acetic acid) at a fl ow rate of 1 mL/min. Indomethacin was used as an internal standard. Signals were monitored by an UV detector at 288 nm. Retention times of indomethacin, niflumic acid and talniflumate were 5.9, 7.2 and 13.5 min, respectively. Calibration plots were linear over the range 50-5000 ng/mL for niflumic acid and 100-5000 ng/mL for talniflumate. The limits of quantitation were 50 ng/mL for niflumic acid and 100 ng/mL for talniflumate. The intra- and inter-day relative standard deviations (RSD) of niflumic acid and talniflumate were less than 10% and the accuracies were higher than 90%. This method is rapid, sensitive and reproducible for the determination of niflumic acid and talniflumate in human plasma.     

HPLC-F analysis of melatonin and resveratrol isomers in wine using an SPE procedure

An original analytical method has been developed for the determination of the antioxidants trans-resveratrol (t-RSV) and cis-resveratrol (c-RSV) and of melatonin (MLT) in red and white wine. The method is based on HPLC coupled to fluorescence detection. Separation was obtained by using a RP column (C8, 150 mm x 4.6 mm id, 5 mum) and a mobile phase composed of 79% aqueous phosphate buffer at pH 3.0 and 21% ACN. Fluorescence intensity was monitored at lambda = 386 nm while exciting at lambda = 298 nm, mirtazapine was used as the internal standard. A careful pretreatment of wine samples was developed, using SPE with C18 cartridges (100 mg, 1 mL). The calibration curves were linear over the following concentration ranges: 0.03-5.00 ng/mL for MLT, 3-500 ng/mL for t-RSV and 1-150 ng/mL for c-RSV. The LOD values were 0.01 ng/mL for MLT, 1 ng/mL for t-RSV and 0.3 ng/mL for c-RSV. Precision data, as well as extraction yield and sample purification results, were satisfactory. Thus, the method seems to be suitable for the analysis of MLT and resveratrol isomers in wine samples. Moreover, wine total polyphenol content and antioxidant activity were evaluated.     

免疫金铂纳米合金催化共振散射光谱法测定痕量人绒毛膜促性腺激素

以NaBH₄为还原剂, 制备了金与铂物质的量比为49∶1的金铂纳米合金(GP). 用兔抗人绒毛膜促性腺激素抗体(RhCG)修饰AuPt获得了免疫纳米合金探针(GP-RhCG). 在pH 5.8磷酸氢二钠-柠檬酸缓冲溶液及KCl存在的条件下, GP-RhCG探针发生非特异性聚集, 在590 nm处有一个较强的共振散射峰. 当有人绒毛膜促性腺激素(hCG)存在时, 聚集的GP-RhCG探针与hCG发生特异性结合, 生成分散性较好的GP-RhCG-hCG免疫复合物, 导致590 nm处共振散射峰强度降低. 其共振散射峰强度降低值ΔI_{590 nm}与hCG浓度在6.67～86.7 ng/mL范围内呈现良好线性关系. 免疫反应液中形成的GP-RhCG-hCG免疫复合物对葡萄糖-铜(II)体系具有较强的催化作用, 其产物在610 nm处有一较强共振散射峰. 随着hCG浓度增大, 形成的GP-RhCG-hCG复合物越多, 其催化作用增强, 610 nm处的共振散射峰增强. 其共振散射峰增大值ΔI_{610 nm}与hCG浓度在3.33～133 ng/mL范围内呈线性关系.     

Study on the determination of polyphenols in tobacco by HPLC coupled with ESI-MS after solid-phase extraction

A high-performance liquid chromatography method coupled with electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry for the determination of polyphenols in tobacco is studied. The polyphenols are extracted from a tobacco sample by being refluxed in a boiling water bath with 80% methanol and purified by solid-phase extraction with a C18 cartridge. The chlorogenic acid, rutin, scopoletin, caffeic acid, scopolin, and other polyphenols are satisfactorily separated on a Nova-Pak C18 chromatographic column (3.9 x 150 mm) with methanol and 0.05 mol/L potassium dihydrogen phosphate buffer solution gradient elution as mobile phase at a flow rate of 0.5 mL/min. Each of the polyphenols is monitored by photodiode array detector at its maximum wavelength: chlorogenic acid, 326.1 nm; rutin, 354.8 nm; scopoletin, 344.0 nm; caffeic acid, 323.7 nm; and scopolin, 365.2 nm. The limits of detection are: 100 ng/mL for chlorogenic acid, 125 ng/mL for rutin, 60 ng/mL for scopoletin, 50 ng/mL for caffeic acid, and 100 ng/mL for scopolin. The key polyphenols in tobacco are identified by comparing the retention time, the UV-spectrum, and the mass spectra with those of the standards. The recovery of tobacco polyphenols is 94-105%, and the relative standard deviations are 1.28-1.49%. This method is successfully applied to qualitatively and quantitatively analyze the polyphenols in tobacco with good results.