非水体系中磺酸铜型树脂对有机碱的配位吸附

研究了磺酸铜型树脂在乙醇、乙酸乙酯和正己烷中对苯胺、N 甲基苯胺和N ,N 二甲基苯胺的吸附规律 ,并与水中的结果相对照 .树脂在正己烷中对苯胺等的吸附量最大 ,在乙醇、乙酸乙脂和水中依次减小 .在4种不同的介质中 ,树脂对苯胺的吸附均表现出相同的吸附选择性 ,即对苯胺的吸附亲合性最大 ,N ,N 二甲基苯胺最小 .在不同的介质中 ,树脂对苯胺的吸附基本符合Freundlich吸附方程 ,并计算了在不同介质中对苯胺吸附的吸附焓 .在水中 ,吸附速率最高 ,在乙醇、乙酸乙酯和正己烷中 ,吸附速率依次降低     

超细煤粉吸附苯胺机理研究

采用筛分和高能球磨得到不同粒度煤粉,进行吸附试验研究。结果表明，粒度较大的四种煤粉对苯胺的吸附符合Lagergren一级吸附速率方程，较小的三种超细煤粉对苯胺的吸附符合二级吸附动力学方程。并求出了一级、二级吸附速率常数和有效扩散系数，表明煤粉吸附苯胺的过程由颗粒内扩散控制；煤粉对苯胺的吸附量随煤粉粒径的减小呈指数关系增加。平均粒径d50为9.30μm、4.28μm、和4.82μm煤粉对苯胺的吸附符合Langmuir吸附等温式，单层饱和吸附容量为109.05×10－3、246.31×10－3和90.91×10－3。超细煤粉对苯胺的吸附性能量明显好于其他煤粉。     

吸附溶出伏安法测定苯胺的研究

在酸性介质中,苯胺与亚硝酸根离子和盐酸萘乙二胺反应生成玫瑰红色偶氮染料,该染料在汞电极上具有良好的吸附性能,并且在氨性缓冲介质中可在汞电极上还原,于－０．５５Ｖ左右产生一灵敏的吸附极谱波。据此,建立了吸附溶出伏安法测定苯胺的方法。当吸附富集时间为３ｍｉｎ时,该法的检测下限为５×１０－９ｍｏｌ／Ｌ,比分光光度法降低了近两个数量级。应用本方法测定了废水中的苯胺,结果满意。     

疏水/亲水性聚二乙烯基苯/聚丙烯酸大孔互穿聚合物网络树脂对苯胺的吸附性能

采用分步悬浮聚合法制备了聚二乙烯基苯/聚丙烯酸甲酯（PDVB/PMA）大孔互穿聚合物网络,将其中的聚丙烯酸甲酯转化为聚丙烯酸,得到具有疏水/亲水性能的聚二乙烯基苯/聚丙烯酸（PDVB/PAA）大孔互穿聚合物网络（IPN）,研究了这类疏水/亲水大孔PDVB/PAA IPN对苯胺的吸附热力学和吸附动力学,测定了该树脂的孔结构、含水量、弱酸交换量和溶胀性能;测定了该树脂对苯胺在不同温度下的吸附等温线,利用热力学函数关系计算了吸附焓、自由能和熵。 红外光谱显示,成功合成了疏水/亲水PDVB/PAA IPN,与PDVB、PDVB/PMA IPN树脂相比,其BET表面积以及孔容均减小,含水量为62.73％,弱酸交换量为1.91 mmol/g;对苯胺的吸附为放热、自发的过程;溶胀实验、静态解吸实验表明,PDVB/PAA IPN树脂中疏水性的PDVB网具有疏水作用吸附能力,亲水性的PAA网具有氢键作用吸附能力。 对苯胺的吸附在90 min时即可达到吸附平衡,树脂吸附苯胺符合一级速率方程,吸附速率主要受颗粒内扩散的控制,同时还受液膜扩散的影响,吸附动力学可采用HSDM模型描述。     

超高交联树脂对苯胺和对硝基苯胺的吸附行为

吸附热力学;化学吸附;超高交联树脂对苯胺和对硝基苯胺的吸附行为     

单宁酸基苯胺分子印迹聚合物制备及其对苯胺的吸附性能研究

通过分子印迹技术以单宁酸为功能单体,苯胺为模板,甲醛为交联剂,制备了一种单宁酸基苯胺分子印迹聚合物(Tannin-Aniline Molecularly Imprinted Polymers,TAMIPs)。通过红外光谱、扫描电镜和氮吸附对其结构特征、表面形态及孔径进行了表征。利用制备的TAMIPs模拟废水中的苯胺浓度进行静态吸附、选择性吸附及脱附再生试验。结果表明,所制备的TAMIPs含有丰富的孔结构,对苯胺的吸附过程符合Freundlich等温吸附模型,吸附动力学过程符合准二级动力学方程,静态吸附可自发进行;TAMIPs对苯胺具有较好的吸附选择性能和优良的再生吸附能力。293K时最大吸附量达到16.14mg/g(C_0为200mg/L),脱附再生5次后,TAMIPs的再生率为87%,再生后吸附率可达85.9%。     

聚丙烯-麦饭石功能纤维的性能

应用冷场发射扫描电镜(FE-SEM)、声速法、蠕变测试、苯胺吸附和振荡烧瓶法对聚丙烯-麦饭石功能纤维的形貌、取向因子、蠕变性、吸附性和抗茵率进行了测试与表征.研究表明:聚丙烯纤维和麦饭石添加剂呈镶嵌结构,聚丙烯-麦饭石功能纤维表面存在一些微细褶皱,其杨氏模量和取向因子相对较低,蠕变现象明显;苯胺的吸附率在30%左右;抗菌率在90%以上,而且水洗50次后抗茵率基本不变,具有很好的吸附和抑菌作用.     

水葫芦木质素的提取及其苯胺吸附性能

采用碱提法从生态入侵植物水葫芦中提取木质素,利用傅立叶红外光谱(FT-IR)和扫描电镜(SEM)等手段对所获得的木质素进行表征,研究了水葫芦木质素对水中苯胺的吸附性能,考察了溶液p H值、吸附时间、初始浓度等因素对水葫芦木质素吸附苯胺的影响。当Na OH溶液浓度0.1 mol/L,提取时间4 h,温度100℃,料液比1∶20时,水葫芦木质素的收率最大为6.81%。红外图谱显示,在1 456~1 656 cm-1处存在木质素的芳香环骨架振动吸收峰;扫描电镜显示,木质素呈大量细小的颗粒,木质素颗粒表面存在许多微小的孔状结构,有利于吸附作用的发生。在室温下,溶液p H 6.0,苯胺初始浓度为150 mg/L,吸附剂用量为5 mg,吸附时间120 min时,水葫芦木质素对苯胺的最大吸附容量为12.2 mg/g。苯胺吸附实验数据拟合符合准二级动力学模型以及Langmuir吸附等温模型。水葫芦木质素对苯胺的吸附以单分子层化学吸附为主,属于优惠吸附。相同吸附条件下,水葫芦木质素对湖泊水样中苯胺的吸附与实验模拟水样的吸附效果相近。水葫芦木质素可作为富集分离材料用于分析样品制备以及水中污染物的吸附。     

树脂柱色谱法对有机碱类的分离研究

研究了极性和非极性吸附树脂在水和非水体系中对苯胺、N-甲基苯胺、N, N-二甲基苯胺的吸附规律,结果表明,含酯羰基的极性树脂在非极性体系中对3种胺的吸附顺序为苯胺、N-甲基苯胺、N,N-二甲基苯胺,吸附机理应与氢键的形成有关;在水体系中,吸附顺序相反,这与3种胺的疏水性有关.用含酯羰基的树脂对3种胺的混合水溶液进行动态色层吸附,可将3种胺完全分离,此结果预示用吸附树脂对生物减进行常压色谱分离是有可能的.     

Ag+改性NaY分子筛的制备及其吸附脱氮性能研究

采用Ag⁺改性NaY分子筛成功制备了AgY分子筛,利用XRD射线衍射、FT-IR、N₂吸附-脱附对NaY和AgY分子筛进行了表征,并用于吸附脱除模拟燃料中吡啶、苯胺、喹啉碱性氮化物,AgY分子筛的吸附能力明显优于NaY分子筛。考察了吸附温度、吸附时间对AgY分子筛吸附三种氮化物的影响,实验结果表明,吸附能力均为：苯胺>喹啉>吡啶,为了进一步研究其吸附机理,采用Materials Studio软件建立了AgY分子筛12T团簇模型并在303、323、343 K下模拟三种氮化物分子在AgY分子筛上的吸附,计算了吸附能、活性中心与吡啶、苯胺、喹啉分子的距离、前线轨道、等密度分布、径向分布函数等相关参数,计算结果也表明,AgY分子筛对苯胺的吸附优于喹啉,优于吡啶,与实验结果一致,且吸附以化学吸附为主,AgY分子筛S位和W位为主要吸附位。吸附等温线研究结果表明,AgY分子筛对吡啶的吸附符合Langmuir-Freundlich混合吸附模型,对苯胺、喹啉的吸附符合Freundlich吸附模型。吸附动力学和吸附热力学结果表明,AgY分子筛对吡啶的...     

碳纳米管在电化学和光化学纳米生物传感器中的应用

碳纳米管(CNTs)因具有独特的物理化学及电化学性质,如较大的比表面积、较强的电子转移能力和良好的吸附性能等而引起人们的广泛关注.碳纳米管可以通过物理吸附、静电或疏水作用等非共价结合方式或共价连接方式固定生物大分子(如蛋白质、DNA、抗体等),有效地促进生物大分子与电极间直接、快速的电子转移,可应用于多种电化学生物传感器中.碳纳米管本身在近红外光区具有独特的荧光和拉曼光谱,可以利用多种光谱手段对多种生物分子实现定量检测,因此近年来碳纳米管在光化学生物传感器中的应用也逐渐受到了研究者的重视.本文对碳纳米管在电化学和光化学生物传感器中的应用进行了简要综述和展望.     

碳纳米管对苯胺的吸附行为

碳纳米管有较大的比表面,有利于用作吸附剂。当前研究主要集中在对气体,尤其是对H2气的吸附。近年来,也有人将碳纳米管应用于环境保护领域,Long等使用碳纳米管除去二恶英,Li等用碳纳米管吸附溶液中的Cd^2 都取得了满意的效果。苯胺类化合物是国家严格控制的一类污染物,使用碳纳米管对苯胺的吸附研究尚未见报道。     

ZnCl2、KOH和HNO3改性MWCNT对苯酚的吸附行为研究

通过扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射仪、N₂吸附分析仪及Boehm滴定法获得ZnCl₂、KOH和HNO₃化学处理对高纯多壁碳纳米管的结构和表面含氧官能团的影响,通过批处理实验考察吸附条件（吸附时间、初始浓度、温度）对处理前后的碳纳米管吸附苯酚行为的影响,并采用准一级、准二级、Evolich动力学模型和热力学方程拟合其吸附数据,分析其动力学行为、热力学行为和吸附机理。结果表明,虽然ZnCl₂、KOH和HNO₃化学处理法均未对碳纳米管BET比表面积产生显著影响,但会影响其表面化学性质（即,对于ZnCl₂和KOH化学处理降低表面羧基、内酯基含量和增大碱性官能团量,而对于HNO₃化学处理可以增大表面羧基、内酯基含量,而碱性官能团略有增加）;改性处理影响碳纳米管去除苯酚效率：由于ZnCl₂和KOH改性处理降低碳纳米管表面羧基量,故其提高了苯酚去除率,而HNO₃处理则略减小碳纳米管的苯酚去除率,可能是由于碳纳米管结构和表面化学性质共同影响所致;碳纳米管的苯酚去除率均随苯酚溶液初始浓度的增大而减小;高温不利于吸附;热力学研究发现碳纳米管吸附苯酚过程是自发的和放热的,属于物理吸附;动力学研究表明,吸附过程符合准二级动力学方程。通过ZnCl₂和KOH化学处理,可以显著提高碳纳米管对苯酚的吸附性能。     

Adsorption of Carbon Dioxide on Activated Carbon

The adsorption of CO2 on a raw activated carbon A and three modified activated carbon samples B, C, and D at temperatures ranging from 303 to 333 K and the thermodynamics of adsorption have been investigated using a vacuum adsorption apparatus in order to obtain more information about the effect of CO2 on removal of organic sulfur-containing compounds in industrial gases. The active ingredients impregnated in the carbon samples show significant influence on the adsorption for CO2 and its volumes adsorbed on modified carbon samples B, C, and D are all larger than that on the raw carbon sample A. On the other hand, the physical parameters such as surface area, pore volume, and micropore volume of carbon samples show no influence on the adsorbed amount of CO2. The Dubinin-Radushkevich (D-R) equation was the best model for fitting the adsorption data on carbon samples A and B, while the Preundlich equation was the best fit for the adsorption on carbon samples C and D. The isosteric heats of adsorption on carbon samples A, B, C, and D derived from the adsorption isotherms using the Clapeyron equation decreased slightly increasing surface loading. The heat of adsorption lay between 10.5 and 28.4 kJ/mol, with the carbon sample D having the highest value at all surface coverages that were studied. The observed entropy change associated with the adsorption for the carbon samples A, B, and C (above the surface coverage of 7 ml/g) was lower than the theoretical value for mobile adsorption. However, it was higher than the theoretical value for mobile adsorption but lower than the theoretical value for localized adsorption for carbon sample D.     

A new integrated method for characterizing surface energy heterogeneity from a single adsorption isotherm

To characterize surface energy heterogeneity of fine particles, this paper presents an integrated strategy from a single adsorption isotherm. By coupling the well-known integral equation method and derivative isotherm summation (DIS) procedure based on a patchwise model, the newly proposed strategy could calculate adsorption energy distributions (AEDs) for different surface patches. Correspondingly, the surface heterogeneity of materials can be described by weighted summation of patch AEDs, that is, the total AED. The validity of this new method is confirmed by both tests of rutile nanoparticles and multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs). The total AED obtained by the new method agrees well with the result from solving the integral equation directly, and it shows that AED peaks can be assigned to specific energy patches of real surface exactly. Furthermore, a detailed comparison showed that some artificial oscillation in the results can be identified with the new strategy, and the patches with low area and high surface energy could be characterized as well. In conclusion, this strategy constructs a correspondence between derived AEDs and different patches of real surface, so it will be more effective to understand surface heterogeneity by using the adsorption probe method.     

Heterogeneity of multiwalled carbon nanotubes based on adsorption of simple aromatic compounds from aqueous solutions

The surface heterogeneity of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) is studied on the basis of adsorption isotherms from dilute aqueous phenol and dopamine solutions at various pH values. The generalized Langmuir–Freundlich isotherm equation was applied to investigate the cooperative effect of the surface heterogeneity and the lateral interactions between the adsorbates. The theoretical isosteric heats of adsorption were obtained assuming that the heat of adsorption profile reveals both the energetic heterogeneity of the adsorption system and the strength of the interactions between the neighboring molecules. The adsorption energy distribution functions were calculated by using algorithm based on a regularization method. The great advantage of this method is that the regularization makes no assumption about the shape of the obtained energy distribution functions. Analysis of the isosteric heats of adsorption for MWCNTs showed that the influence of the surface heterogeneity is much stronger than the role of the lateral interactions. The most typical adsorption heat is 20–22 kJ/mol for both phenol and dopamine. After purification of nanotubes, heat value for phenol dropped to 16–17 kJ/mol. The range of the energy distribution is only slightly influenced by the surface chemistry of the nanotubes in the aqueous conditions.     

Fluoride and lead adsorption on carbon nanotubes

The properties and applications of CNT have been studied extensively since Iijima discovered them in 1991[1,2]. They have exceptional mechanical properties and unique electrical property, highly chemical stability and large specific surface area. Thus far, they have widely potential applications in many fields. They can be used as reinforcing materials in composites[3], field emissions[4], hydrogen storage[5], nanoelectronic components[6], catalyst supports[7], adsorption material and so on.…     

Analysis of Gibbs adsorption equation and thermodynamic relation between Gibbs standard energies of adsorption and micellization through a surface equation of state

The calculation of surface molecular areas through Gibbs adsorption equation has been questioned in some early works on the belief that these areas have been obtained from the apparently constant slope of the surface tension vs. logarithm of concentration curve along the entire region at which surface tension declines rapidly as the concentration increases. This premise leads to consider that Gibbs equation predicts that surface saturation is reached at the beginning of this region. However, through an analysis of the forementioned curve in accordance to Gibbs equation, it can be easily shown that surface saturation is attained at the end of the region. On the other hand, based on a thermodynamic model, it is also shown that the adsorption process, and thus, surface saturation, proceeds before micellization.     

Polymer/carbon nanotube nanocomposites: Influence of carbon nanotubes on EVA photodegradation

The influence of carbon nanotubes on the photodegradation of EVA/carbon nanotube nanocomposites was studied by irradiation under photooxidative conditions (at λ > 300 nm, at 60 °C and in the presence of oxygen). The influence of the nanotubes on both the photooxidation mechanism of EVA and the rates of oxidation of the matrix was characterized on the basis of infrared analysis. On one hand, it was shown that the carbon nanotubes act as inner filters and antioxidants, which contribute to reduction in the rate of photooxidation of the polymeric matrix. On the other hand, it was shown that light absorption could provoke an increase in the local temperature and then induce the photooxidation of the polymer. The competition between these three effects determines the global rate of photooxidation of the polymeric matrix. Several factors are involved, the concentration of the carbon nanotubes, the morphology of the nanotubes and the functionalization of the nanotube surface.     

Effect of chemical potential on the computer simulation of hydrogen storage in single walled carbon nanotubes

Hydrogen is a kind of clean, sustainable and renewable energy carrier. Of the problems to be solved for the utilization of hydrogen energy, how to store and transport hydrogen has been given high priority on the research agenda. Recently, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were reported to be very promising candidates for hydrogen uptake[1], which may have possibility to satisfy the benchmark set by the US Department of Energy (DOE) Hydrogen Plan for fuel cell powered vehicles: a gravimetric density …