对苯二甲酸镁作为钠离子电池的有机负极材料

报道了对苯二甲酸镁作为钠离子电池负极材料的研究. 以对苯二甲酸和氢氧化镁为原料,采用酸碱中和反应制备了含结晶水的对苯二甲酸镁（MgC₈H₄O₄·2H₂O）,该材料对钠离子电池表现出了较好的电化学活性、优异的倍率性能以及良好的循环稳定性. 在0.5C（1C=300 mA·g^-1）倍率下循环50 周以后,可逆容量由114mAh·g^-1降至95 mAh·g^-1,容量保持率高达83%;在2C的倍率下有高达90 mAh·g^-1的可逆比容量. 另外,在氮气气氛中,400 ℃进行后续热处理得到了不含结晶水的对苯二甲酸镁（MgC₈H₄O₄）,探讨了结晶水对其电化学性能的影响. 结果表明,MgC₈H₄O₄·2H₂O的比容量、倍率性能以及循环稳定性都明显优于不含结晶水的对苯二甲酸镁.     

单斜Li3V2(PO4)3/C复合材料的制备及其电化学性能

以LiOH·H2O、V2O5、H3PO4和蔗糖为原料,采用软化学法制备了锂离子电池正极材料Li3V2(PO4)3/C.通过X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)对产物的结构和形貌进行表征,采用恒电流充放电、电化学阻抗考察了产物的电化学性能.结果表明.当煅烧温度达到700℃时,杂质相衍射峰消失,所得的样品为纯相的单斜Li3V2(PO4)3.颗粒粒度为1～2 μm;在3.0～4.5 V电压范围内以0.2C倍率充放电,首次放电比容量达到148.2 mAh·g-1,第50次循环比容量仍为144 mAh·g-1,容量保持率为97%,具有良好的循环性能;另外,样品还具有很好的倍率性能和高温性能.     

锂硫电池用碳化钛涂层隔膜性能探究

为提高锂硫电池的比容量和循环性能,本文使用纳米碳化钛（TiC）作为涂层制备得到TiC/Celgard涂层隔膜,并探究其对锂硫电池性能的影响. 电化学性能测试结果表明,涂层隔膜能有效提高电池在不同倍率下的比容量以及电池的循环性能,在2C倍率下仍表现出650 mAh·g-1的比容量,0.5C循环100周容量仍能保持在843.1 mAh·g-1.     

片状LiV3O8软模板辅助溶胶-凝胶法制备及其在水系锂离子电池中的性能研究

负极材料是目前制约水溶液锂离子电池的关键.采用十二烷基苯磺酸钠软模板辅助的溶胶凝胶法制备了片状LiV3O8材料.XRD和SEM测试表明,目标材料为纯相的片状结构LiV3O8,属单斜晶系,P21/m点群.组装LiMn2O4//Li2SO4//LiV3O8水溶液锂离子电池,测试发现片状LiV3O8具有较高的倍率性能和较好的循环寿命.在0.1C下,LiV3O8的放电比容量为154 mAh·g-1.在1C、5C和10C时,放电容量分别为134 mAh·g-1、78 mAh·g-1和54 mAh·g-1.1C前170周循环的容量保持率约60%.     

高容量正极材料0.08LiCo0.75Al0.25O2-0.92LiNiO2的合成与电化学性能研究

在恒定pH值下将层状钴铝双羟基复合金属氧化物(CoAl-LDH)均匀包覆在球状Ni(OH)2表面,与LiOH.H2O混合均匀后,经高温煅烧制得钴铝酸锂包覆镍酸锂0.08LiCo0.75Al0.25O2-0.92LiNiO2正极材料.电化学测试表明,0.08LiCo0.75Al0.25O2-0.92LiNiO2正极比容量高,具有良好的倍率性能和循环寿命,其0.1C放电比容量为211 mAh·g-1,0.5C放电比容量为195.6 mAh·g-1,3C放电比容量为161 mAh·g-1,0.5C 30周期循环后容量保持率为93.2%,明显优于LiNiO2和钴酸锂包覆镍酸锂0.08LiCoO2-0.92LiNiO2正极.     

锂离子电池正极材料LiLa_x Mn_(2-x)O_4的高温固相合成及其电化学性能

以LiAc,MnAc2和LaCl3为原料,通过高温固相两段烧结合成法制备了4种LiLaxMn2-xO4(Fx,x=0,0.02,0.04,0.06),其结构和形貌经XRD和SEM表征。结果表明,LiLa0.02Mn1.98O4(即F0.02)为纯尖晶石结构,表面形貌为球形。采用活性炭为导电剂制备了Fx的锂离子电池正极材料(Ex),并用循环伏安法研究了Ex的电化学性能。结果表明,E0.02在0.1 C倍率充放电时的首次放电容量为75 mAh·g-1;0.5 C倍率循环充放电时,放电比容量为79 mAh·g-1;经过20次0.2 C倍率循环充放电时,容量保持在80 mAh·g-1。     

负载Cr_2O_3的H_2Ti_2O_5·H_2O纳米管的制备及其作为锂离子电池正极材料的电化学性能

限制纳米电极材料倍率性能的一个重要因素是,在大电流下充放电时,纳米结构可能坍塌,造成容量迅速衰减.通过异价离子的掺杂或第二相的负载有可能弥补纳米材料的这一缺陷.本文以含有Cr2O3的锐钛矿TiO2为原料,通过超声化学-水热法,制备了负载Cr2O3的H2Ti2O5·H2O纳米管.采用X射线衍射(XRD)和透射电镜(TEM)对制得的H2Ti2O5·H2O/Cr2O3纳米管的晶体结构和微观形貌进行了表征和分析.恒流充放电测试显示,H2Ti2O5·H2O/Cr2O3(5%(w,质量分数))纳米管作为锂离子电池阳极材料具有优异的循环稳定性及倍率性能.在150mA·g-1的电流密度下,H2Ti2O5·H2O/Cr2O3纳米管的首次放电容量达到288mAh·g-1;120次循环后,充放电容量仍保持在145mAh·g-1.在1500mA·g-1的电流密度下,首次放电容量为178mAh·g-1;600次循环后,充放电容量保持在80mAh·g-1以上;继续在150mA·g-1电流密度下充放电30个循环,充放电容量达到155mAh·g-1,显示出充放电容量的可回复性.循环伏安测试结果表明,H2Ti2O5·H2O/Cr2O3纳米管的充放电过程由法拉第赝电容反应控制.该一维纳米结构在锂离子电池和非对称电容器领域显示出良好的应用前景.     

高倍率尖晶石型Li4Ti5O12/TiN锂离子电池负极材料的合成及其电化学性能

以乙酰丙酮(ACAC)螯合剂、聚乙二醇(PEG)为分散剂,采用溶胶-凝胶法合成了尖晶石型Li4Ti5O12/TiN材料.考察了TiN膜对尖晶石型Li4Ti5O12锂离子电池负极材料电化学性能的影响.利用X射线光电子能谱(XPS)对Li4Ti5O12表面的TiN膜进行了分析.X射线衍射(XRD)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)分析表明,Li4Ti5O12/TiN材料为结晶良好的亚微米纯相尖晶石型钛酸锂.电化学性能测试表明,该材料的首次放电比容量为173.0mAh·g-1,并且具有良好的循环性能,以0.2C、1C、2C、5C倍率放电进行测试,10次循环后比容量分别为170.6、147.6、135.6、111.0 mAh·g-1,较之表面无TiN膜的钛酸锂材料表现出更好的倍率特性.循环伏安曲线(CV),交流阻抗图谱(EIS)进一步论证了TiN膜改善了尖晶石型Li4Ti5O12锂离子电池负极材料的电化学性能.     

锂离子电池负极材料Li4Ti5O12的半固相法制备及碳包覆改性

由半固相法制得锂离子电池负极材料Li4Ti5O12,并研究了Li4Ti5O12的碳包覆改性.采用XRD、SEM、TEM以及HRTEM观察和分析产物的相结构与形貌.采用恒流充放电、循环伏安法和交流阻抗技术测试了材料的电化学性质.结果表明,Li4Ti5O12因颗粒团聚电化学性能严重下降,该电极在0.1C和0.5C首周期放电容量分别为121.7和87.6 mAh·g-1;碳包覆Li4Ti5O12/C材料呈球形分布,能抑制颗粒团聚,该电极倍率<0.5C时的放电比容量大于180 mAh·g-1,超过Li4Ti5O12的理论放电比容量(175 mAh·g-1);在1C、5C和10C倍率下,其容量仍保持在136、79.9和58.3 mAh·g-1,碳包覆改性材料具有优异的循环寿命和高倍率性能.     

一种新的流变相法制备锂离子电池纳米-LiVOPO_4正极材料(英文)

采用新型流变相法制备锂离子电池正极材料纳米-LiVOPO4.采用X射线衍射、扫描电子显微镜以及电化学测试等手段对LiVOPO4的微观结构、表面形貌和电化学性能进行了表征.结果表明,采用流变相法制备的LiVOPO4由粒径大约在10-60nm的小颗粒组成.首次放电容量,首次充电容量以及库仑效率分别为135.7mAh·g-1,145.8mAh·g-1和93.0%.0.1C(1C=160mA·g-1)放电时,60次循环后,放电容量保持在134.2mAh·g-1,为首次放电容量的98.9%,平均每次循环的容量损失仅为0.018%.而1.0C和2.0C放电时的放电容量达到0.1C放电容量的96.5%和91.6%.随着放电次数的增加,电荷转移阻抗增加,而锂离子在电极中的扩散系数达到10-11cm2·s-1数量级.实验结果显示采用流变相法制备的LiVOPO4是一种容量高、循环性能好、倍率性能好的锂离子电池正极材料.     

氟化石墨材料的改性及其电化学性能研究

本文以商用氟化石墨为原料,通过水合肼还原的方法对氟化石墨（CF_x）进行改性处理,系统研究了不同水合肼用量对材料电化学性能的影响. 采用XRD、SEM、EDS、XPS、交流阻抗（EIS）和恒流放电测试技术,对改性氟化石墨材料的物相及电化学性能进行了分析研究. 结果表明,采用改性氟化石墨材料制备的锂/氟化碳（Li/CF_x）电池的电压滞后现象得到明显改善,且不同水合肼用量对材料的电化学性能有重要影响. H-CF_x-2（CF_x：C₂H₆O：N₂H₄·H₂O 的比例为1：2：1）材料的综合性能最佳,在0.1C 倍率下,材料的克比容量达到794.5 mAh·g^-1,平台电压为2.53V,电压滞后现象的低波电压为2.37 V.     

稀土冠醚类络合物的研究(Ⅲ)——硝酸钪与邻苯二酮-17-冠-5及邻苯二酮-14-冠-4固态络合物的合成与性质

制得硝酸钪与两种冠醚的固态络合物,确定其组成为Sc(NO₃)₃·C₁₆H₂₀O₇·H₂O及Sc(NO₃)₃·C₁₄H₁₆O₆·H₂O。研究了冠醚本身及其钪的相应络合物的合成及有关性质。     

二价与四价金属离子等摩尔共掺杂的锂离子电池正极材料LiMn_(1.9)Mg_(0.05)Ti_(0.05)O_4的制备与表征

以氢氧化锂、乙酸锰、硝酸镁和钛酸丁酯为原料,以柠檬酸为螯合剂,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了二价镁离子与四价钛离子等摩尔共掺杂的尖晶石型锂离子电池正极材料Li Mn1.9Mg0.05Ti0.05O4.采用热重分析(TGA),X射线衍射(XRD),扫描电子显微镜(SEM),透射电子显微镜(TEM)和电化学性能测试(包括循环伏安(CV)和电化学交流阻抗谱(EIS)测试)对所得样品的结构、形貌及电化学性能进行了表征.结果表明:780°C下煅烧12 h得到了颗粒均匀细小的尖晶石型结构的Li Mn1.9Mg0.05Ti0.05O4材料,该材料具有良好的电化学性能,在室温下以0.5C倍率充放电,在4.35-3.30 V电位范围内放电比容量达到126.8 m Ah·g-1,循环50次后放电比容量仍为118.5m Ah·g-1,容量保持率为93.5%.在55°C高温下循环30次后的放电比容量为111.9 m Ah·g-1,容量保持率达到91.9%,远远高于未掺杂的Li Mn2O4的容量保存率.二价镁离子与四价钛离子等摩尔共掺杂Li Mn2O4,改善了尖晶石锰酸锂的电子导电和离子导电性能,使其倍率性能和高温性能都得到了明显的提高.     

One Dimensional Iron Molybdophosphate Anionic Chains with Different Structural Arrangements Reflecting a Flexibility Character

Structural comparison of a new compound[(bpp)₃H₆]Fe₂^IIIFe₂^IIMo₂₄^V(H₂PO₄)₈(HPO₄)₄(PO₄)₄O₄₈(OH)₁₂· (H₂O)₄·2H₂O(1)[bpp=1,3-di(4-pyridyl)propane] with our previously reported two compounds[(bpy)₃Fe^II]₃· Fe₂^IIIFe₂^IIMo₂₄^V(H₂PO₄)₈(HPO₄)₄(PO₄)₄O₄₈(OH)₁₂(H₂O)₄·12H₂O(2) and[(bpy)₃Fe^II]₂Fe^IIFe^IIIMo₁₂^V(H₂PO₄)₂(H_2-xPO₄)·(H_1+xPO₄)(HPO₄)₂(PO₄)₂O₂₄(OH)₆(H₂O)₂·9H₂O(x=0―1)(3)(bpy=2,2'-bipyridine), which all exhibit one-dimensional mixed-valence iron molybdophosphate anionic chains constructed by alternating connection of Fe^III ions and magic[Fe^II(Mo₆P₄O₃₁)₂] units, reveals that the non-hydrogen atomic ratios of Mo:Fe:P:O within the polymeric anionic chains are the same for all the three compounds, while the polymeric anionic chains of the different compounds bear different numbers of negative charges. And therefore there exist different numbers of counter cations per {Fe₂^III[Fe₂^II(P₁₆Mo₂₄^VO₁₂₄)]} unit found in the titled compounds. It discloses that not only are the spatial assembling of counter cations and polymeric inorganic chains of three compounds quite different, but also the O―Fe^III―O bond angles and Fe^III―O bond lengths of the three different inorganic chains exhibit small differences. What is more important is that such small changes in bond length and bond angle in the assemblage of Fe^III―O bonds lead to the considerable fluctuations of inorganic chains in their structural conformation within the three compounds, reflecting an interesting phenomenon of “flexibility" in the pure inorganic one dimensional mixed-valence iron molybdophosphate chains.     

Synthesis and Characterization of Zinc Succinate, Zn(C4H4O4)

Ｉｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎ　　Ｓｕｃｃｉｎａｔｅｉｏｎ (Ｃ4Ｈ4Ｏ4) 2 -(—ＯＯＣＣＨ2 ＣＨ2 ＣＯＯ— )ｉｓａｖｅｒｓａｔｉｌｅｌｉｇａｎｄｓｉｎｃｅｅａｃｈｏｆｔｈｅｆｏｕｒｔｅｒｍｉｎａｌｃａｒｂｏｘｙｌｏｘｙｇｅｎｓｉｓａｂｌｅｔｏｐａｒｔｉｃｉｐａｔｅｉｎｃｏｏｒｄｉｎａｔｉｏｎｔｏｃｅｎｔｒａｌｍｅｔａｌａｔｏｍ(ｓ)ｉｎａｄｄｉｔｉｏｎｔｏｔｈｅｆｌｅｘｉｂｉｌｉｔｙｏｆｔｈｅＣ—Ｃｂｏｎｅ .Ｓｕｃｈｃｏｏｒｄｉｎａｔｉｎｇｖｅｒｓａｔｉｌｉｔｙｈａｓｂｅｅｎｒｅｆｌｅｃｔｅｄｉｎｓｅｖｅ…     

Measurement of Solid-liquid Equilibria in Quaternary System Li+, K+//SO42-, B4O72--H2O at 288 K

In order to utilize the brine resources in China, the solid-liquid equilibria in quaternary system Li⁺, K⁺//SO₄^2-, B₄O₇^2--H₂O at 288 K was studied by the isothermal solution equilibrium method. Solubilities and densities of solutions were determined experimentally. According to the experimental data, the equilibrium phase diagrams, density-composition diagram and corresponding water content diagram of the quaternary system were plotted. Double salt KLiSO₄ was found in the reciprocal quaternary system Li⁺, K⁺//SO₄^2-, B₄O₇^2--H₂O at 288 K. The quaternary system has three invariant points, seven univariant curves and five fields of crystallization. The five crystallization regions correspond to Li₂B₄O₇·3H₂O, Li₂SO₄·H₂O, K₂B₄O₇·4H₂O, K₂SO₄ and KLiSO₄, respectively. The crystallization field of salt Li₂B₄O₇·3H₂O is the largest, whereas that of Li₂SO₄·H₂O is the smallest. The experimental results show that Li₂SO₄·H₂O has a strong salting-out effect on other salts.     

Studies on Organo-Phosphorus, -Arsenic and -Antimony Polytungstates and Polymolybdates (Ⅶ)——Preparation and Properties of p-Aminophenylarsenic Polymolybdates

In order to investigate the influence of organic groups on the types of organoarsenic polymolybdates, the reations of p-aminophenylarsonic acid with sodium molybdate were tested at pH=3-5. Six salts were prepared and characterized. (1) (CN3H8)4 [(p-NH3C6H4As)2Mo6O25] · H2O, (2) (CN3H6)4 [(p-, NH3C6H4As )2Mo6O25 ] · 6H20, (3) Cs4 [(p-NH3C6H4As)2Mo6O25] · 4H2O, (4) C(CH3)4N]4[(p-NH3C6H4As)2Mo6O25] · 5H2O, (5) [(n-C4H9)4N]3Na[(p-NH3C6H4As)2Mo6O25] · 2H2O, (6) Ba2 NH3C6H4As)2Mo6O25] · 10H2O. The IR, UV spectra, and electrochemical behavior are reported and discussed. They should belong to the same type as that for phenyl derivative or the nitrophenyl derivatives. But the ammo groups can accept protons, so that the anion' s charge decreases. Very similar to the tungsten congener (CN3H6)4[(p-NH3C,H4As)2W6O25] · 4H2O, [(RAs)2Mo6O25]4- type of complexes are formed.     

一个钼钒二聚体簇合物的合成及其性能

以NH₄VO₃, H₃PMo₁₂O₄₀·xH₂O, Cu(NO₃)₂和哌嗪为主要原料,采用水热方法,合成了一个新的钼钒二聚体簇合物--(H₂NC₄H₈NH₂)₆［Mo^VI₁₆V^V₁₂P₂O₈₄］·5H₂O(1),其结构和性能经UV-Vis, IR, X-射线衍射、光电子能谱及热重分析表征。1属单斜晶系,P2(1)/c空间群, 晶胞参数a=20.450(4) , b=24.989(5) , c=20.450(4) , β=93.89 °, V=10 427(4) ³, Fw=4 159.18, Dc=2.650 g·cm^-3, μ=3.018 mm^-1, F(000)=7 952, Gof=1.029。晶体结构解析表明：1由两个单元Keggin型簇核［PMo₈V₆O₄₂］^7-聚合而成一个二聚体簇［P₂Mo_l6V₁₂O₈₄］^14-,该二聚体簇核和有机配体哌嗪之间通过复杂的氢键相互作用,展示三维超分子网络结构。     

Thermal decomposition study on mixed ligand thymine complexes of divalent nickel(II) with dianions of some dicarboxylic acids

Thermal decomposition of mixed ligand thymine (2,4-dihydroxy-5-methylpyrimidine) complexes of divalent Ni(II) with aspartate, glutamate and ADA (N-2-acetamido)iminodiacetate dianions was monitored by TG, DTG and DTA analysis in static atmosphere of air. The decomposition course and steps of complexes [Ni(C₅H₆N₂O₂)(C₄H₅NO₄)²⁻(H₂O)₂]·H₂O, [Ni(C₅H₆N₂O₂)(C₅H₇NO₄)²⁻(H₂O)₂]·H₂O and [Ni(C₅H₆N₂O₂)(C₆H₈N₂O₅)²⁻(H₂O)₂]·1.5H₂O were analyzed. The final decomposition products are found to be the corresponding metal oxides. The kinetic parameters namely, activation energy (E*), enthalpy (ΔH*), entropy (ΔS*) and free energy change of decomposition (ΔG*) are calculated from the TG curves using Coats–Redfern and Horowitz–Metzger equations. The stability order found for these complexes follows the trend aspartate > ADA > glutamate.