Mp图与M1图选用不同基本结构的力法分析

在传统的结构力学力法教学中,无论是力法基本方程的建立还是方程中系数和自由项的求解,都要求在同一基本结构上进行. 本文通过实例计算和比较,采用公式叠加原理分析了当$M_p$图与$\overline M_1$图分别选自不同的基本结构时,力法基本方程的物理意义以及计算过程的科学意义. 结果显示在力法计算中,基于不同的基本结构求解超静定问题,可简化力法的计算过程. 用本文方法开展教学,有利于学生对力法的深入理解和掌握.     

基于弯矩图计算超静定轴力的新方法

某些超静定结构,当弯矩图确立后,应用静力平衡条件无法绘出轴力图.分析该类结构的基本特征和受力特点,利用某些刚架在结点集中力作用下无弯矩、只有轴力的特点和力法的思想,提出解算已知弯矩图轴力超静定结构的计算方法.算例表明该方法简化了力法的计算过程,将其应用于教学,有利于学生对力法的深入理解.     

对“用位移法计算超静定结构”论述的商榷

对“用位移法计算超静定结构”论述的商榷徐昌文（上海建筑材料工业学院,上海２００４３４）综观《结构力学》各种教材,一般都有如下的论述：力法和位移法是计算超静定结构的两个基本方法．用位移法解超静定结构是取结点位移作为基本未知量,以单跨超静定梁的组合体作为...     

基于力等价结构的复杂超静定结构求解新方法研究

超静定结构内力计算是结构力学课程学习的重点和难点,当超静定次数较多时,采用传统方法计算时难度极大且不易理解。本文总结提出了力等价结构思想,力等价结构与原结构在内力、变形上完全等价,基于该思想提出了复杂超静定结构内力计算的新方法,并将其应用到位移法、混合法求解多次超静定的复杂结构算例中。通过与传统方法对比,验证了所提力等价结构思想的可行性。所提方法可大大降低复杂超静定结构基本未知量的数目,简化计算过程,提高求解效率。

     

定性定量速画超静定结构的弯矩图

绘制超静定结构的弯矩图形,是土木类专业的主要内容.掌握快速绘制弯矩图的方法,对于土木工程师进行结构的受力分析、计算、校核和检验以及参加注册工程师的考试,都有着非常重要的意义.该文是在多年理论教学与工程实践的基础上,对传统的速画弯矩图的方法进行了总结,归纳出一些进一步提高速画弯矩图的方法.算例表明这些方法简化了超静定结构弯矩图的绘制过程,将其应用于教学,有利于学生对超静定结构的深入理解.     

弯矩图确定后轴力不能直接解算问题的探讨

某些超静定结构,当弯矩图确立后,应用静力平衡条件无法实现对整个结构的支座反力 及内力的完全解算. 通过对此类结构受力特征的分析,定义出现此类情况结构的基本特征, 并在结构力学范畴内,对比可以解决此类问题的计算方法,提出解决思路,给出简便的解算 公式.     

超静定结构支座反力计算的单位支座位移法

将单位支座位移法推广应用于超静定结构的未知支座反力计算,建立并证明了相应的退化虚位移方程,推导指出超静定结构支座反力的影响线即为相应单位支座位移所引起的位移曲线。而且,展示了几个求解超静定梁支座反力的算例. 本文工作可供大学生和教师们在结构力学相关知识的学习和教学中借鉴参考.     

静定结构受力分析中约束力换算公式与二力杆的妙用1)

对于满足两刚片规则或三刚片规则的简单静定结构,可以证明,用平衡方程进行受力分析时,必可做到一个方程解一个未知力。本文在一个方程解一个未知力的基础上,进一步提出了约束力换算公式及二力杆转化思路,使静定结构的受力分析更加简化。     

关于“用过渡法计算超静定结构”论述的商榷

本文指出“基本结构”与“基本体系”是两个不同的概念,在论述“用过渡法计算超静定结构”时,二者应同时给出．     

一种超静定变截面梁的力法计算技巧

力法计算变截面超静定梁的弯矩图时,在选取基本结构后,用图乘法计算相关系数的过程中,分割图形数目多,计算量大容易出错.针对这个问题,提出了一种变截面处铰化分解杆件的技巧,用来减少图乘次数,降低计算量,提高计算效率.该技巧可广泛应用于变截面超静定梁弯矩图为折线的情况,在授课过程中使学生概念清晰,易于接受,且有助于提高计算正确率,值得推广.     

Aerodynamic force and flow structures of two airfoils in flapping motions

Aerodynamic force and flow structures of two airfoils in a tandem configuration in flapping motions are studied, by solving the Navier-Stokes equations in moving overset grids. Three typical phase differences between the fore- and aftairfoil flapping cycles are considered. It is shown that: (1) in the case of no interaction (single airfoil), the time average of the vertical force coefficient over the downstroke is 2.74, which is about 3 times as large as the maximum steady-state lift coefficient of a dragonfly wing; the time average of the horizontal force coefficient is 1.97, which is also large. The reasons for the large force coefficients are the acceleration at the beginning of a stroke, the delayed stall and the “pitching-up” motion near the end of the stroke. (2) In the cases of two-airfoils, the time-variations of the force and moment coefficients on each airfoil are broadly similar to that of the single airfoil in that the vertical force is mainly produced in downstroke and the horizontal force in upstroke, but very large differences exist due to the interaction. (3) For in-phase stroking, the major differences caused by the interaction are that the vertical force on FA in downstroke is increased and the horizontal force on FA in upstroke decreased. As a result, the magnitude of the resultant force is almost unchanged but it inclines less forward. (4) For counter stroking, the major differences are that the vertical force on AA in downstroke and the horizontal force on FA in upstroke are decreased. As a result, the magnitude of the resultant force is decreased by about 20 percent but its direction is almost unchanged. (5) For 90°-phase-difference stroking, the major differences are that the vertical force on AA in downstroke and the horizontal force on FA in upstroke are decreased greatly and the horizontal force on AA in upstroke increased. As a result, the magnitude of the resultant force is decreased by about 28% and it inclines more forward. (6) Among the three cases of phase angles, inphase flapping produces the largest vertical force (also the largest resultant force); the 90°-phase-difference flapping results in the largest horizontal force, but the smallest resultant force.     

Adaptive force density method for form-finding problem of tensegrity structures

A numerical method is presented for form-finding of tensegrity structures. Eigenvalue analysis and spectral decomposition are carried out iteratively to find the feasible set of force densities that satisfies the requirement on rank deficiency of the equilibrium matrix with respect to the nodal coordinates. The equilibrium matrix is shown to correspond to the geometrical stiffness matrix in the conventional finite element formulation. A unique and non-degenerate configuration of the structure can then be obtained by specifying an independent set of nodal coordinates. A simple explanation is given for the required rank deficiency of the equilibrium matrix that leads to a non-degenerate structure. Several numerical examples are presented to illustrate the robustness as well as the strong ability of searching new configurations of the proposed method.     

Sizing optimization of truss structures by method of centers and force formulation

This paper describes a new approach to optimum weight design of truss structures. The force method is incorporated in an optimization algorithm based on the method of center points. Design variables are the member cross-sectional areas and the redundant forces evaluated for each independent loading condition acting on the structure. The optimization method utilizes the largest hyperspheres inscribed within the feasible space. The method of hyperspheres has been enhanced here to handle the compatibility equality constraints as well. By including the analysis step in the optimization cycle there is no longer the need to perform separate structural analyses thus saving computation time. The viability and efficiency of the proposed method are demonstrated for truss structures subject to multiple loading conditions and constraints on member stresses, nodal displacement and minimum gage. Numerical results are compared with those reported in the literature.     

Bifurcations in basic models of delayed force control

Nonlinear Dynamics - Basic single-degree-of-freedom mechanical models of force control are presented to achieve desired contact forces between actuators and objects. Nonlinear governing equations...     

谈运动学中的两个基本定义

讨论了点的牵连运动与刚体的定轴转动的定义, 并就这两个定义的科学性进行了阐述, 给出了一个建议.     

对图乘法的发展

将能量偏导数定理应用于力法中,探索了超静定结构力法计算的新思路．传统的力法是利用基本体系在基本未知力处的变形(连续)条件来建立力法方程的．为了克服传统力法中弯矩图乘时由于Mi和Mp图取自同一基本结构而产生的不便,利用卡氏第二定理,得到了力法的基本方程,证明了在力法中可以混合采用不同的基本结构来分别计算Mi和Mp,并分析了所得基本方程的物理意义．通过实例计算和比较,证明该方法完全正确,且大大简化了计算,使力法的实用性更进一步加强,有较大的使用价值．     

杆件修改与去除及内力变更时杆系结构分析的矩阵力法

采用矩阵力法，引入假想初位移的概念，用原始结构在外荷载与某一组假想初位移联合作用下的效应，来替代部分杆件被修改、去除及内力变更的新结构胡该外荷载作用下的效应。这种方法的计算可以仅涉及被修改、去除及内力变更的那部分杆件，并且利用原始结构的计算成果来分析新结构，无须按常规方法从头开始再计算一篇。在许多情况下，这种做法的工作量有可能成倍地甚至几十倍地大幅度减少。文中附有算例，计算结果表明本文提出的简捷计算方法是正确的、可靠的和有效的。     

高层建筑结构抗震弹塑性简化方法的研究及其应用

以地震反应谱理论为依据，建立了可以考虑多阶振型影响的高层建筑结构弹塑性静力分析方法。在此基础上发展了较简单且较为精确的高层建筑结构弹塑性地震反应计算方法。最后给出的算例论证了本文简化方法的可能性及可行性。