物面单反射镜波前分割三光束全息干涉计量研究

提出了一种用于分析物体三维位移场的全息干涉计量新方法。该方法将一个小平面反射镜贴于被测物体的表面，用三束呈空间分布的发散光波，在干版的三个不同区域或同一部位，记录被测物体的三个独立的双曝光干涉图。这些干涉图被由小平面反射镜运动造成的参考光虚点光源的位移所调制。基于对这种调制的理论分析，导出计算参考光虚点光源和被测物体三维位移的二个线性方程组。     

基于双磨头的磁流变抛光机床与工艺研究

针对传统单磨头磁流变抛光技术的不足,提出了一种新的双磨头磁流变抛光方法,并研制了一台八轴数控双磨头磁流变抛光机,具备了大口径平面、非球面及连续位相板的超精密、高效率加工能力。分别研究了大、小磨头材料去除特性及面形修正能力,不仅获得了稳定、有效的大、小抛光斑,而且获得了超精的大、小平面工艺样件。50 mm小平面经小磨头一次连续抛光,在 45 mm内其面形精度PV由0.21 收敛至0.08 、RMS由0.053 收敛至0.015 ;430 mm430 mm大平面经大磨头3次迭代抛光,在410 mm410 mm内其面形精度PV由0.4 收敛至0.1 、RMS由0.068 收敛至0.013 。由此表明,所研制的双磨头磁流变抛光机床具有较好的材料去除特性和较强的面形修形能力。     

锑化铟单晶的小平面生长及孪晶

采用切克劳斯基技术,观察了按不同晶向从熔态生长InSb单晶时固液界面的形貌。实验表明,结晶面上{111}小平面的发展和性质与单晶体的外形及孪晶的形成有着密切的关系,采用一个闪锌矿结构的{1ll}面八面协及双八面体模型能成功地解释各种实验现象。 关键词：     

光学超外差法小平面角精密测量

文本用纵向塞曼双频稳频激光器作光源,提出了一种光学超外差法小平面角的精密测量方法.此方法采用相位干涉测量技术,测角灵敏度可达0.002”.优于其他平面角测量仪的测角灵敏度.     

GaAs晶体在不同应变下生长过程的分子动力学模拟

GaAs晶体的高质量生长对于制造高性能高频微波电子器件和发光器件具有重要意义.本文通过分子动力学方法对GaAs晶体沿[110]晶向的诱导结晶进行模拟,并采用最大标准团簇分析、双体分布函数和可视化等方法研究应变对生长过程和缺陷形成的影响.结果表明,不同应变条件下GaAs晶体的结晶过程发生显著变化.在初始阶段,施加一定拉应变和较大的压应变后,体系的晶体生长速率发生降低,且应变越大,结晶速率越低.此外,随着晶体的生长,体系形成以{111}小平面为边界的锯齿形界面,生长平面与{111}小平面之间的夹角影响固液界面的形态,进而影响孪晶的形成.施加拉应变越大,此夹角越小,形成孪晶缺陷越多,结构越不规则.同时,体系中极大部分的位错与孪晶存在伴生关系,应变的施加可以抑制或促进位错的形核,合适的应变甚至可以使晶体无位错生长.本文从原子尺度上研究GaAs的微观结构演化,可为晶体生长理论提供理论指导.     

物理学报第29卷1980年总目录

第 l期升华外延碳化硅p—n结的性质………………………………………………………冯锡淇骆宾章锑化铟单晶的小平面生长及孪晶………………………………俞振中 金 刚 陈新强马可军锑化铟单晶中杂质的反常分凝…………………………………俞振中 金 刚 陈新强马可军镁一锌时效合金中一维过渡相卢:的晶体学研究……………………………………苏千武许顺生衍射分析用的x射线管谱线纯度的定量测定…………………………………………………郭常霖托卡马克中等离子体频率附近的增强辐射现象……吴京生夏蒙棼 周如玲康寿万蔡诗东钕玻璃的光谱性质…………     

光的反射、漫射和散射

本文用“惠更斯─—菲涅耳原理”分析光的反射、漫射和散射三个概念,指出三者的区别和联系. 设波长为λ的单色平行光从空气射向线度为b的小平面(界面)上.λ射角为α.根据“惠更斯原理”,面上各点均发出次波,因此一部分光返回空气.我们考虑平行于③和④方向的光.这些光经透镜会聚于焦平面上P点. 令①光到达O点的光振动方程为 (假定振幅为1,以下同)则②光到达G点的光振动方程为 假定③光从O到P所经历的时间为to,则③光到达P点的光振动方程为 由于透镜不产生附加光程差,故④光到达P点的光振动方程为 这里 根据“惠更斯──菲涅耳原理”,P…     

162Lu的高自旋态及A=160区双奇核晕态能级的符号因子反转

利用¹⁴⁷Sm(¹⁹F,4nγ)¹⁶²Lu反应研究了¹⁶²Lu的高自旋态. 由7个带BGO康普顿抑制的高纯锗探测器和一个小平面探测器进行了在束γ测量,首次建立了双奇核¹⁶²Lu转晕带的能级纲图. 发现在低转动频率下,¹⁶²Lu的转晕带能级发生符号因子反转. 对质量数A=160核区双音核的转晕带重新进行了分析和考察,讨论了转晕带能级符号因子反转的系统性.     

激光烧蚀高纯Zn形成的微米金属球体对后续脉冲激光的耦合增强效应

脉冲激光束在低真空(约2 Pa)环境下聚焦到高纯Zn靶表面, 烧蚀区域不仅有中心深孔的宏观损伤, 而且还发现大量微米量级的类似足球形状的金属Zn球体结构附着生长在孔洞内侧表面. 实验过程中采用等离子体光谱诊断技术研究宏观和微观损伤对后续脉冲激光的影响程度. 与聚焦于金属Zn平滑表面相比, 宏观损伤可以使后续激光诱导的Zn原子334.5 nm谱线强度提高10.3%, 在此基础上大量Zn微米球体附着在内表面可以使谱线强度再提高34.3%. 因此, 推断这些金属Zn微球表面镶嵌着光洁的纳米量级六边形和五边形小平面, 可以对后续脉冲激光产生镜面反射, 使得激光能量汇聚并耦合增强, 提高烧蚀效率. 实验结果还表明, 这些微米球体的数目随着激光脉冲次数的增加而增多, 使得后续激光能够诱导产生更为致密高温的等离子体. 研究结果有望为激光-金属微孔技术提供新思路. 关键词： 脉冲激光烧蚀 微纳米结构 激光诱导等离子体     

深过冷条件下Co_7Mo_6金属间化合物的枝晶生长和维氏硬度研究

采用电磁悬浮和自由落体两种实验技术对二元Co-50%Mo过共晶合金中初生Co_7Mo_6金属间化合物的生长机理和维氏硬度进行了系统研究.电磁悬浮实验中,合金熔体获得的最大过冷度为203 K(0.12T_L),初生Co_7Mo_6枝晶生长速度与过冷度之间呈现幂函数关系.随着过冷度的增大,初生枝晶中Co元素含量单调递增,枝晶尺寸明显减小,并且其维氏硬度逐渐升高.在自由落体状态下,随着液滴直径的减小,合金熔体的过冷度和冷却速率均增大.当液滴直径减小到392μm以下时,初生Co_7Mo_6枝晶从小平面向非小平面形态进行转变.实验发现,深过冷条件下Co_7Mo_6化合物发生了显著的溶质截留效应,其维氏硬度与Co元素分布和形貌特征密切相关.     

Anomalous dispersed states of alloys caused by segregation of impurities at phase interfaces

The diffusion in alloys with tendency to impurity segregation at phase interfaces has been simulated by the Monte Carlo method. It has been shown that at the segregation energy higher than the critical value, dispersity of the system increases due to the suppression of coagulation of phase particles. The effect mathematically represents the violation of the Lifshitz-Slyozov kinetics of an infinite growth of phase particles, which is similar to the anomalous kinetics of grain growth in systems with an impurity. The existence of the equilibrium grain size due to the equilibrium grain size caused by the impurity segregation at grain boundaries was previously predicted by Weissmuller and is now confirmed experimentally. Thus, this study generalizes the Weissmuller effect to the thermodynamics of the decomposition in alloys.     

On the equilibrium segregation of interacting impurity atoms towards (100) metal surfaces: I. Theoretical considerations including first- and second-neighbor interactions

Experiments on the segregation of foreign atoms towards single crystal surfaces usually show long-range-order phenomena and/or strong deviations from the Gihbs-McLean behavior both indicating the presence and importance of interactions between the segregating atoms. Model calculations of segregation bulk isosteres for interacting impurity atoms segregating towards (100) metal surfaces are therefore presented based on an extended Ising model using the Monte Carlo method. Interactions between nearest and next-nearest neighbors are considered and bulk isosteres given for a number of combinations of values thereof. In a paper to follow the results of these calculations are to be applied to existing experiments and values for certain interaction enthalpies deduced.     

铝-0.1%镁合金中表现反常振幅效应的低频位错内耗峰

用低频扭摆测量了经过轻度冷加工的Al-0.l％Mg合金在室温时效过程中的内耗变化,观察到表现反常振幅效应的时效内耗峯。用经过充分时效而内耗已达到稳定值的试样进行升温和降温内耗测量,也在30—55℃的温度范围内观察到表现反常振幅效应的温度内耗峯。这些现象在高纯铝试样和经过完全退火的Al-0.l％Mg合金试样中都不出现。在Al-0.l％Mg合金中也能观察到以前在Al-0.5％Cu合金中所观察到的反常内耗现象,这就排斥了任何用在点阵中所发生的一般脱溶沉淀过程来解释这种反常内耗现象的可能性,困为在含0.1％Mg的铝合金中,在实验测量所涉及的温度范围内,是不能够在点阵中发生一般的脱溶沉淀过程的。为了解释铝镁合金中所呈现的反常内耗现象的特点,可以假设在铝镁合金中能够形成两种位错气团:一种是“镁原子-空位”对与位错所组成的气团,这种气团能够在应变时效过程中形成;另一种气团是镁原子与位错所组成的气团,当经过范性形变的试样的温度升高到100℃左右时,镁原子与空位脱离,在退火过程中就单独与位错形成气团。前一种气团对于位错的钉札较第二种为强,因而它的振幅内耗峯出现在较高的振幅值。     

Physical mechanisms in divertors and their impact on the core

The magnetic separatrix in a diverted tokamak determines the boundary between closed and open magnetic field lines. Even though the main influences on the physics of SOL and core regions may be different and shift from the plasma-neutral coupling and impurity radiation in the scrape-off layer (SOL) to anomalous plasma transport in the core, the influence of this boundary persists over some width, both into the core region and into the SOL. We give a short review of the progress in the divertor-SOL physics and discuss the links between edge core and SOL plasmas which are likely to have an important role in different edge-plasma phenomena.     

An Extended Extrinsic Mechanism for Anomalous Hall Effect

The extrinsic mechanism for anomalous Hall effect in ferromagnets is extended to include the contributions both from spin-orbit-dependent impurity scattering and from the spin-orbit coupling induced by external electric fields. The results obtained suggest that, within the framework of the extrinsic mechanisms, the anomalous Hall current in a ferromagnet may also contain asubstantial amount of dissipationless contribution independent of impurity scattering. After the contribution from the spin-orbit coupling induced by external electric fields is included, the total anomalous Hall conductivity is about two times larger than that due to spin-orbit dependent impurity scatterings.     

Interaction of Solute Impurity with Grain Boundary: The Impurity Drag Effect

An equation of grain boundary motion in a binary polycrystal is derived. The derivation is based on minimization of free energy of the total systems. The equation takes into account an impurity segregation at the grain boundary, grain boundary curvature and energy.As an example, we apply this equation to the analysis of the impurity drag effect problem. It is shown, that the sign of the impurity effect on grain boundary velocity (delay or acceleration) does not depend on kinetic coefficients. The sign of the effect is determined by a thermodynamic function which combines the grain boundary segregation coefficient, the derivative of grain boundary energy with respect to absorbed impurity concentration, and the derivative of bulk free energy with respect to bulk impurity concentration.     

Anomalous Hall effect in a two dimensional electron gas with magnetic impurities

Magnetic impurities play an important role in many spintronics-related materials. Motivated by this fact, we study the anomalous Hall effect in the presence of magnetic impurities, focusing on two-dimensional electron systems with Rashba spin-orbit coupling. We find a highly nonlinear dependence on the impurity polarization, including possible sign changes. At small impurity magnetizations, this is a consequence of the remarkable result that the linear term is independent of the spin-orbit coupling strength. Near saturation of the impurity spins, the anomalous Hall conductivity can be resonantly enhanced, due to interference between potential and magnetic scattering.     

Kinetics of impurity segregation at grain boundaries in polycrystals. II. Concentrated solution

The isothermal impurity segregation from a finite-size grain into an intergrain boundary region or at an external free surface is investigated when the impurity concentration in the boundary region is not small. Simple algebraic equations are obtained that describe the impurity concentration for the case of several competing and interacting impurities. The process of segregation of two impurities is discussed in detail, and it is shown that the concentration of one of them can have a maximum as a function of time. Fiz. Tverd. Tela (St. Petersburg) 40, 251–253 (February 1998)     

含有杂质的托卡马克等离子体输运的数值研究

应用一维输运模型数值研究杂质及中性粒子对托卡马克放电的影响,对含氧杂质的ST和HT-6B放电进行计算模拟,结果与实验符合很好。