法拉第电磁感应定律的理解和应用

为了表述电磁感应定律,设在ｔ１时刻穿过导线回路的磁通量是φ１,在ｔ２时刻穿过导线回路的磁通量是φ２,在△ｔ＝ｔ２－ｔ１时间内穿过回路磁通量的变化是△φ＝φ２－φ１,磁通量的变化率反映了磁通量变化的快慢和趋势．１法拉第电磁感应定律 公式：式中φ用Ｗｂ,ｔ用Ｓ,的单位是Ｖ,式中的负号代表感应电动势的方向． 感应电动势和磁通量是标量,它们的正负都是相对于某个正方向而言的．所谓正方向是人为约定的,用以与实际方向作比较的． 因为的正方向是选取回路的绕行方向,而磁通量选取的正方向是曲面的法线方向．这里就有了两…     

感性与理性的和谐统一--构建和谐课堂的点滴体会

1感性认识与理性认识的和谐统一 在教育理念不断更新发展的今天，有一个新的课堂环境和课堂教学理念，是每一个教育工作者自身发展的一项重要任务．特别是在高中物理学科的课堂教学中，构建人与自然的和谐统一，就要从身边的自然环境出发，立足于感性认识为本，再升华为理性认识，把二者有机结合起来，才能让学生获得一个情感与理论上的和谐统一，提高学生对物理学科的浓厚兴趣．     

弄清电磁感应相关问题的四原则

在电磁感应现象中,总是同时存在相互关联的诸多因素,如磁生电与电生磁、原电流与感应电流、原磁场与感应磁场、原磁场力与感应磁场力、导线切割磁感线的外力与感应电流的安培力、回路总的感应电动势与局部感应电动势等等．如何建立正确的物理模型进行分析,哪是主要因素？哪是次要因素？     

浅谈感应电流的特性及其应用——兼谈楞次定律的创新教学

 众所周知,质量守恒(物质不灭)定律和能量守恒(能量不灭)定律是自然界中的两条普遍适应的最基本的定律。质量守恒(物质不灭)定律在化学问题的研究中得到普遍应用,能量守恒(能量不灭)定律则在物理问题中得到普遍应用。一、感应电流的特性笔者在高中物理电磁感应一章的教学中,应用能量的观点对电磁感应现象进行分析研究,发现、概括和归纳了感应电流的特性,在教学中提出了感应电流的特性这一新概念与新观点:引导学生揭示了感应电流的特性及其具有的物理本质,并归纳出了应用感应电流的特性解决相关问题的方法。应用能量的观点对电磁感应现象进行分析,我们不难发现感应电流具有这样的特性:“感应电流总是要阻碍它本身的产生”。     

对楞次定律中“阻碍”二字的进一步理解

楞次定律的内容:感应电流具有这样的方向,即感应电流的磁场总要阻碍引起感应电流的磁通量的变化. 这里"阻碍"二字的内涵非常丰富,能否准确把握这两个字的涵义,关系到在遇到具体问题时能否正确分析有关问题,能否迅速得到相关结论.下面从两个方面来加以阐述"阻碍"二字: 一、从磁通量变化的角度来看: 感应电流的磁场总要阻碍原磁通量的变化.     

电单极子和磁单极子的统一模型

证明磁单极子和电单极子可以在Hopf丛(S³=S²×S¹)的基础上统一生成,该丛有结构群U(1).它在底流形S²上的联络可以分为电单极型和磁单极型两类.磁荷有量子化条件而电单极子就是磁量子数n=0时的解.这样,电单极子和磁单极子在理论上具有同一性.它们是同一事物的两种不同的形态.通过映射的伦移引入时间坐标,从而使电单极子成为Minkowski空间中的一个〈活化〉的模型.它具有Lorentz变换下的不变性.     

走向统一的自然力——电力与磁力的统一(I)

电闪雷鸣,是人类早在远古时期就注意到的自然现象,因此,电磁相互作用,可以说是人类最先接触到的自然力.开始人们对电和磁是分开认识的,后来经过奥斯特发现“电动生磁”和法拉第发现“电磁感应”, 人们才将“电”和“磁”联系起来,最终导致麦克斯韦提出电磁理论,统一了“电力”和“磁力”.本讲座,将详细介绍“电力”和“磁力”走向统一的研究历程.     

浅谈化抽象为形象的物理教学艺术

物理概念和物理规律是人们通过对大量实验、客观实体等进行高度抽象和概括的基础上而形成的，它反映了事物的本质和事物之间变化发展的必然规律．如何在教学中把抽象的概念和规律具体化、形象化一直是物理教育研究的重要课题．本人结合多年教学经验概括总结出以下几点心得．     

动生电动势与感生电动势的统一

利用相对论质能关系、不同参考系中电磁场的变换关系和牛顿第二定律,先研究了一般的电源电动势在不同参考系之间的变换,再推导出相对论中的感生电动势和动生电动势公式,从而使它们达到了定量的统一.     

The Coefficient of Restitution Does Not Exceed Unity

We study a classical mechanical problem in which a macroscopic ball is reflected by a non-deformable wall. The ball is modeled as a collection of classical particles bound together by an arbitrary potential, and its internal degrees of freedom are initially set to be in thermal equilibrium. The wall is represented by an arbitrary potential which is translation invariant in two directions. We then prove that the final normal momentum can exceed the initial normal momentum at most by O(■mkT), where m is the total mass of the ball, k the Boltzmann constant, and T the temperature. This implies the well-known statement in the title in the macroscopic limit where O(■mkT) is negligible. Our result may be interpreted as a rigorous demonstration of the second law of thermodynamics in a system where a macroscopic dynamics and microscopic degrees of freedom are intrinsically coupled with each other.     

Model Unity and the Unity of Consciousness: Developments in Expected Float Entropy Minimisation

The unity of consciousness, or, more precisely, phenomenal unity, is an important property of consciousness and an important area of research in mathematical consciousness science and the scientific study of consciousness. Due to the numerous aspects and complexity of consciousness, the property tends to engender loose or inadequate characterizations. In this article, we introduce the concept and mathematical formulation of model unity. A system has model unity if a single relational model, stretched across the whole system, is optimal. Alternatively, model unity may only be present for subsystems, although there may still be unity at some higher level. As a development in the theory of expected float entropy minimisation, such relational models provide an interpretation of system states and the theory may help to provide insights into questions such as why experience of the visual field is unified and why different people do not have a unified consciousness, for example. This article constitutes a relatively small initial study of model unity. Four investigations were undertaken and are given as examples. A postulate is also given, distilling the foundations of EFE minimisation into a clear statement allowing others to consider whether or not the postulate identifies a self-evident fundamental property of consciousness.     

The Spectral Action Principle

We propose a new action principle to be associated with a noncommutative space . The universal formula for the spectral action is where is a spinor on the Hilbert space, is a scale and a positive function. When this principle is applied to the noncommutative space defined by the spectrum of the standard model one obtains the standard model action coupled to Einstein plus Weyl gravity. There are relations between the gauge coupling constants identical to those of SU(5) as well as the Higgs self-coupling, to be taken at a fixed high energy scale. Received: 1 October 1996 / Accepted: 15 November 1996     

The Equivalence Principle Revisited

A precise fomulation of the strong Equivalence Principle is essential to the understanding of the relationship between gravitation and quantum mechanics. The relevant aspects are reviewed in a context including General Relativity but allowing for the presence of torsion. For the sake of brevity, a concise statement is proposed for the Principle: An ideal observer immersed in a gravitational field can choose a reference frame in which gravitation goes unnoticed. This statement is given a clear mathematical meaning through an accurate discussion of its terms. It holds for ideal observers (time-like smooth non-intersecting curves), but not for real, spatially extended observers. Analogous results hold for gauge fields. The difference between gravitation and the other fundamental interactions comes from their distinct roles in the equation of force.     

The Generalized Uncertainty Principle

The uncertainty principle lies at the heart of quantum physics, and is widely thought of as a fundamental limit of the measurement precision of incompatible observables. Here it is shown that the traditional uncertainty relation in fact belongs to the leading order approximation of a generalized uncertainty relation. That is, the leading order linear dependence of observables gives the Heisenberg type of uncertainty relations, while higher order nonlinear dependence may reveal more different and interesting correlation properties. Applications of the generalized uncertainty relation and the high order nonlinear dependence between observables in quantum information science are also discussed.     

The Equivalence Principle Revisited

The validity of the equivalence principle is examined. Since classical physics is not valid for point particles, and a mass density over a finite volume tends to collapse, stabilizing forces are necessary. These cause a deviation from geodesic motion. That deviation is discussed in the light of recent results which provide approximate expressions for the self-force of a finite size particle due to both its mass and its charge. The equivalence principle appears to be violated.     

The Pauli Principle Revisited

By the Pauli exclusion principle, no quantum state can be occupied by more than one electron. One can state this as a constraint on the one electron density matrix that bounds its eigenvalues by 1. Shortly after its discovery, the Pauli principle was replaced by anti-symmetry of the multi-electron wave function. In this paper we solve a longstanding problem about the impact of this replacement on the one electron density matrix, that goes far beyond the original Pauli principle. Our approach uses Berenstein and Sjamaar’s theorem on the restriction of an adjoint orbit onto a subgroup, and allows us to treat any type of permutational symmetry. Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.     

The Principle of Equivalence and the Twin Paradox

No Heading The canonical twin paradox is explained by making a correct use of the principle of equivalence. The role of the principle of equivalence is to provide a physical agent i.e gravity which can supply the required extra aging to the rocket-bound sibling during its acceleration phase through a gravitational time-offset effect. We follow an approach where a novel variation on the twin paradox is used to connect gravity with the desynchronization in the clocks of two spatially distant, identically accelerated observers. It is shown that this approach removes certain drawbacks of an earlier effort which claims to exploit the equivalence principle in explaining the differential aging in the paradox. * Author to whom all correspondences should be made.