First measurement of the double spin asymmetry in (-->)e(-->)p-->e(prime)pi(+)n in the resonance region

The double spin asymmetry in the (-->)e(-->)p --> e(prime)pi(+)n reaction has been measured for the first time in the resonance region for four-momentum transfer Q2 = 0.35-1.5 GeV(2). Data were taken at Jefferson Lab with the CLAS detector using a 2.6 GeV polarized electron beam incident on a polarized solid NH3 target. Comparison with predictions of phenomenological models shows strong sensitivity to resonance contributions. Helicity-1/2 transitions are found to be dominant in the second and third resonance regions. The measured asymmetry is consistent with a faster rise with Q(2) of the helicity asymmetry A1 for the F(15)(1680) resonance than expected from the analysis of the unpolarized data.     

Measurement of the Gerasimov-Drell-Hearn Integrand for 2H from 200 to 800 MeV

A measurement of the helicity dependence of the total inclusive photoabsorption cross section on the deuteron was carried out at MAMI (Mainz) in the energy range 200相似文献   

Polarized electron-proton scattering at highQ 2

We show that polarized electron-proton scattering is an excellent tool to measure helicity changing amplitudes. The asymmetry of polarized protons measured with longitudinally polarized electrons determines the ratio of Pauli (F ²) to Dirac (F ¹) form factors. For the leading Fock state the Pauli form factor originates only from helicity changing quarkgluon interactions which are zero for zero quark masses. Therefore at high momentum transfer the ratioF ²/F ¹ depends essentially on the up and down quark masses.     

First measurement of the helicity-dependent γ p?pη differential cross-section

The helicity dependence of the γ p↦pη reaction has been measured for the first time at a center-of-mass angle θ^* _η = 70^° in the photon energy range from 780 MeV to 790 MeV. The experiment, performed at the Mainz microtron MAMI, used a 4π-detector system, a circularly polarized, tagged photon beam, and a longitudinally polarized frozen-spin target. The helicity 3/2 cross-section is found to be small and the results for helicity 1/2 agree with predictions from the MAID analysis. Received: 19 December 2002 / Accepted: 10 March 2003 / Published online: 20 May 2003     

Measurement of the electric form factor of the neutron through d-->(e-->,e(')n)p at Q2 = 0.5 (GeV/c)(2)

We report the first measurement using a solid polarized target of the neutron electric form factor G(n)(E) via d-->(e-->,e(')n)p. G(n)(E) was determined from the beam-target asymmetry in the scattering of longitudinally polarized electrons from polarized deuterated ammonia ( 15ND3). The measurement was performed in Hall C at Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility in quasifree kinematics with the target polarization perpendicular to the momentum transfer. The electrons were detected in a magnetic spectrometer in coincidence with neutrons in a large solid angle segmented detector. We find G(n)(E) = 0.04632+/-0.00616(stat)+/-0.00341(syst) at Q2 = 0.495 (GeV/c)(2).     

Optical reflectivity of (SN)x-single crystals

The optical reflectivity of (SN)_x single crystals was measured in the visible region and the near infrared with light polarized parallel and perpendicular to the polymer chain axis. Whereas the reflectivity for light polarized perpendicular to the chain axis is approximately constant in this region, the reflectance for light polarized parallel to the chain axis exhibits a pronounced plasma edge at 2.72 eV. A simple Drude model was used to analyse the data. Differences between these results and those of previous film measurements are discussed.     

Energy bands in stannic oxide (SnO2)

The energy band structure of stannic oxide has been calculated by a self-consistent augmented plane wave (APW) method. The calculation predicts SnO₂ to be a semiconductor with an allowed direct band gap of 3·68 eV for light polarized perpendicular to the tetragonal axis, and of 4·07 eV for parallel polarized light; these values agree well with the measured values of 3·57 and 3·93 eV. The theory also predicts indirect and direct-forbidden optical transitions which are consistent with experiment.     

Spin-dependent processes involving a real photon

We calculate the helicity difference quark and gluon distributions in a polarized real photon using the Altarelli-Parisi equations. The corresponding helicity difference fragmentation functions to produce a real photon are dealt with in the same way. Both sets of results are presented in the form of simple parametrizations and the former used to investigate spin-spin asymmetries in the photoproduction of two high transverse momentum jets. These asymmetries are classed as “four jet” or “three jet” depending on whether any photon fragments are present in the final state along the beam axis. We find that the four-jet asymmetry should provide an experimental test for the presence of the anomalous polarized photon structure function while the three-jet asymmetry should provide new information about the spin structure of a polarized proton and in particular its gluon component.     

Deep inelastic scattering of neutrinos and antineutrinos by a polarized proton in the quark-parton model

Deep inelastic scattering of neutrinos and antineutrinos by polarized protons is considered in the quark-parton model. For processes with charged currents, a connection is obtained between the asymmetry of the differential cross sections corresponding to different spin directions of the target proton and the distribution functions of the polarized partons in the polarized proton (d for neutrinos and u for antineutrinos). It is shown that the presence of an x dependence of the asymmetry parameter corresponds to a difference between the distribution functions of partons with opposite helicity. For processes with neutral currents, relations are obtained between the asymmetry parameters and the constants that determine the helicity structure of the weak neutral quark current.Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Fizika, No. 4, pp. 41–45, April, 1980.I thank Professor B. K. Kerimov and A. É. Astratyan for a helpful discussion of the work.     

Permanent recording of light helicity on optically inactive metal surfaces

We report on an unusual permanent recording of light helicity on optically achiral metals. Following a number of circularly polarized (CP) or elliptically polarized (EP) femtosecond laser pulses, well-defined periodic surface structures are found on metal surfaces. These surface structures show different orientation when formed by left CP/EP compared with right CP/EP light. The formation of these structures is attributed to the interference between the incident light and the excited surface plasmons. To our knowledge, this is the only phenomenon that can permanently record light helicity with an optically inactive material.     

Spin asymmetries for large-pt jet production in two-photon processes

Relying on the hard scattering formalism we estimate cross sections and spin asymmetries for large-p_t jet production from two-photon processes in collisions of electrons and positrons of definite helicity states. We use distribution functions of polarized partons in polarized electrons obtained in a modified leading logarithmic approximation as well as spin-dependent parton cross sections according to lowest-order QCD calculations. Detecting at least one forward or backward hadronic jet, topologies of jets can be observed different from the 2 large p_t production.     

On the Decay Analysis of Electroproduced Higher-Spin Hadrons

We study exclusive electroproduction of two hadrons where one or both of the hadrons is a higherspin resonance whose decay is analysed. Interesting electroproduction experiments of this type are discussed. A complete formal apparatus is given for the decay analysis of spin-J particles produced in this way with polarized or unpolarized electron beams and targets. The cases J = 1, 3/2, 2 and 5/2 are worked out in detail. A conventional helicity frame analysis in terms of s-channel helicity amplitudes is given. Also we rearrange the formalism for use in the Gottfried-Jackson frame with everything given in terms of t-channel helicity amplitudes. The t-channel formalism makes it possible to completely separate the contributions from longitudinal and transverse virtual photon t-channel helicity states when only the laboratory azimuthal angle between the lepton and hadron planes is variable.     

First Measurement of the Gerasimov-Drell-Hearn Sum Rule for 1H from 0.7 to 1.8 GeV at ELSA

To verify the fundamental Gerasimov-Drell-Hearn (GDH) sum rule for the first time experimentally, we measured the helicity dependent total photoabsorption cross section with circularly polarized real photons and longitudinally polarized nucleons in the photon energy range 0.68-1.82 GeV with the tagged photon facility at ELSA. The experiment was carried out with a 4pi detection system, a circularly polarized tagged photon beam, and a frozen spin polarized proton target. The contribution to the GDH sum rule in this photon energy range is [49.9+/-2.4(stat)+/-2.2(syst)] microb.     

A unified treatment of electromagnetic decays,electroproduction, and pair production in e+e− annihilation for hadrons of arbitrary spin

We gather together in a unified notation formulas for electromagnetic decay rates of resonances and cross sections for electroproduction and e⁺e^? annihilation for all those processes which can be expressed in terms of matrix elements of the electromagnetic current between single particle (or resonant) helicity states. We show in complete generality how to decompose such helicity matrix elements into form factors which are free of all kinematic singularities and constraints simultaneously at both physical thresholds, and relate them to the familiar multipole moments and to some others which have been used in data analysis. Tables are given of the form factor decomposition of the helicity matrix elements for many cases of actual and potential practical interest.     

Excitation of the isovector E2 giant resonance in the 142Ce(p, γo) reaction

Unpolarized and polarized proton radiative capture in ¹⁴²Ce is investigated in the frame of the direct-semidirect model in the energy region above the E1 giant resonance. Effects related to the presence of the isovector E2 giant resonance are discussed by a detailed analysis of the E1-E2 interference process and γ-ray angular distribution asymmetries. In spite of the large, screening, direct E2 component, the results suggest recognizable effects due to the collective E2 excitation, provided a polarized proton beam is used.     

一种可能的InP(100)(4×2)表面原子结构模型

对于用氩离子刻蚀并在磷气氛中退火得到的InP(100)(4×2)再构表面,用HREELS测得表面的In—H和P—H键几乎是同时形成的,而用偏振光UPS观察时,P的悬挂键电子态并不具有沿原胞两个周期方向的对称性质。根据这些结果,可以推测InP(100)的富In表面存在In的空位,与In空位相邻的P原子悬挂键发生了转向。我们提出了一种失列-二聚物原子结构模型。它可以定性地解释所观察到的实验事实。 关键词：     

HELAS and MadGraph/MadEvent with spin-2 particles

Fortran subroutines to calculate helicity amplitudes with massive spin-2 particles (massive gravitons), which couple to the standard model particles via the energy momentum tensor, are added to the HELAS (HELicity Amplitude Subroutines) library. They are coded in such a way that arbitrary scattering amplitudes with one graviton production and its decays can be generated automatically by MadGraph and MadEvent, after slight modifications. All the codes have been tested carefully by making use of the invariance of the helicity amplitudes under the gauge and general coordinate transformations.     

Contribution of superstring <Emphasis Type="Italic">Z</Emphasis>′ boson on the polarization effects in proton proton collisions

In this work we investigate the single- and the double-spin asymmetries at the collisions of polarized protons pp → (γ ^*, Z ⁰, Z′) + X within the scope of QCD, the electroweak interaction and superstring E ₆ theory. The helicity amplitude method is used. Analytical expressions for the single- and the double-spin asymmetries are obtained and their dependence on the transverse momentum of the lepton pair is investigated at the three different values of invariant masses of the lepton pair. The pure contribution coming from the superstring Z′ boson on the single- and double- spin asymmetries has been extracted. The results obtained allow investigation of the spin structure of the proton.     

Conversion of spin into directed electric current in quantum wells

A nonequilibrium population of spin-up and spin-down states in quantum well structures has been achieved applying circularly polarized radiation. The spin polarization results in a directed motion of free carriers in the plane of a quantum well perpendicular to the direction of light propagation. Because of the spin selection rules the direction of the current is determined by the helicity of the light and can be reversed by switching the helicity from right to left handed. A microscopic model is presented which describes the origin of the photon helicity driven current. The model suggests that the system behaves as a battery which generates a spin polarized current.