On sperner families in which nok sets have an empty intersection III

LetR be anr-element set and ℱ be a Sperner family of its subsets, that is,X ⊈Y for all differentX, Y ∈ ℱ. The maximum cardinality of ℱ is determined under the conditions 1)c≦|X|≦d for allX ∈ ℱ, (c andd are fixed integers) and 2) nok sets (k≧4, fixed integer) in ℱ have an empty intersection. The result is mainly based on a theorem which is proved by induction, simultaneously with a theorem of Frankl.     

The Cohen–Macaulay property of separating invariants of finite groups

In the case of finite groups, a separating algebra is a subalgebra of the ring of invariants which separates the orbits. Although separating algebras are often better behaved than the ring of invariants, we show that many of the criteria which imply the ring of invariants is non-Cohen–Macaulay actually imply that no graded separating algebra is Cohen–Macaulay. For example, we show that, over a field of positive characteristic p, given sufficiently many copies of a faithful modular representation, no graded separating algebra is Cohen–Macaulay. Furthermore, we show that, for a p-group, the existence of a Cohen–Macaulay graded separating algebra implies the group is generated by bireections. Additionally, we give an example which shows that Cohen–Macaulay separating algebras can occur when the ring of invariants is not Cohen–Macaulay.     

Principal bundles whose restriction to curves are trivial

Let k be an algebraically closed field and X a smooth projective variety defined over k. Let E_G be a principal G–bundle over X, where G is an algebraic group defined over k, with the property that for every smooth curve C in X the restriction of E_G to C is the trivial G–bundle. We prove that the principal G–bundle E_G over X is trivial. We also give examples of nontrivial principal bundle over a quasi-projective variety Y whose restriction to every smooth curve in Y is trivial.     

Weak local homeomorphisms and <Emphasis Type="Italic">B</Emphasis>-favorable spaces

Let X and Y be topological spaces such that an arbitrary mapping f: X → Y for which every preimage f ⁻¹ (G) of a set G open in Y is an F _σ-set in X can be represented in the form of the pointwise limit of continuous mappings f _n : X → Y. We study the problem of subspaces Z of the space Y for which the mappings f: X → Z possess the same property. Translated from Ukrains'kyi Matematychnyi Zhurnal, Vol. 60, No. 9, pp. 1189–1195, September, 2008.     

Schlicht Envelopes of Holomorphy and Foliations by Lines

Given a domain Y in a complex manifold X, it is a difficult problem with no general solution to determine whether Y has a schlicht envelope of holomorphy in X, and if it does, to describe the envelope. The purpose of this paper is to tackle the problem with the help of a smooth 1-dimensional foliation ℱ of X with no compact leaves. We call a domain Y in X an interval domain with respect to ℱ if Y intersects every leaf of ℱ in a nonempty connected set. We show that if X is Stein and if ℱ satisfies a new property called quasiholomorphicity, then every interval domain in X has a schlicht envelope of holomorphy, which is also an interval domain. This result is a generalization and a global version of a well-known lemma from the mid-1980s. We illustrate the notion of quasiholomorphicity with sufficient conditions, examples, and counterexamples, and present some applications, in particular to a little-studied boundary regularity property of domains called local schlichtness.      

A Gabriel Theorem for coherent twisted sheaves

The aim of this work is to give a generalization of Gabriel’s Theorem on coherent sheaves to coherent twisted sheaves on noetherian schemes. We start by showing that we can recover a noetherian scheme X from the category Coh(X, α) of coherent α-twisted sheaves over X, where α lies in the cohomological Brauer group of X. This follows from the bijective correspondence between closed subsets of X and Serre subcategories of finite type of Coh(X, α). Moreover, any equivalence between Coh(X, α) and Coh(Y, β), where X and Y are noetherian schemes, and , β Br ′(Y) induces an isomorphism between X and Y.     

Obstruction Theory and Coincidences in Positive Codimension

Let f, g ： X→Y be two maps between closed manifolds with dim X ≥ dim Y = n ≥ 3. We study the primary obstruction on（f, g） to deforming f and g to be coincidence free on the n-th skeleton of X. We give examples for which obstructions to deforming f and g to be coincidence free are detected by on （f, g）.     

An approximation theorem for sections of reflexive sheaves

 We show that, if X is a Stein manifold and D ? X an open set (not necessarily Stein) such that the restriction map has dense image, then, for any reflexive coherent analytic sheaf ℱ on X, the map has dense image, too. We also characterize the reflexivity of a torsion-free coherent sheaf on complex manifolds in terms of absolute gap sheaves or Kontinuit?tssatz. Received: 14 September 2001 / Revised version: 29 January 2002     

A Φ-Entropy Contraction Inequality for Gaussian Vectors

A beautiful result of Sarmanov (Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR 121(1), 52–55, 1958) says that for a Gaussian vector (X,Y), \operatorname Var(\mathbb E[f(Y)|X]) ￡ r²\operatorname Var(f(Y))\operatorname {Var}(\mathbb {E}[f(Y)|X])\le \rho^{2}\operatorname {Var}(f(Y)) for all measurable functions f, where ρ is the (linear) correlation coefficient between X and Y. We generalize this result to a general Φ-entropy (a nonlinear version of his result) by means of a previous result of D. Chafai based on Bakry–Emery’s Γ ₂-technique and tensorization.     

Finding rational points on bielliptic genus 2 curves

We discuss a technique for trying to find all rational points on curves of the form Y ²=f ₃ X ⁶+f ₂ X ⁴+f ₁ X ²+f ₀, where the sextic has nonzero discriminant. This is a bielliptic curve of genus 2. When the rank of the Jacobian is 0 or 1, Chabauty's Theorem may be applied. However, we shall concentrate on the situation when the rank is at least 2. In this case, we shall derive an associated family of elliptic curves, defined over a number field ℚα. If each of these elliptic curves has rank less than the degree of ℚα : ℚ, then we shall describe a Chabauty-like technique which may be applied to try to find all the points (x,y) defined over ℚα) on the elliptic curves, for which x∈ℚ. This in turn allows us to find all ℚ-rational points on the original genus 2 curve. We apply this to give a solution to a problem of Diophantus (where the sextic in X is irreducible over ℚ), which simplifies the recent solution of Wetherell. We also present two examples where the sextic in X is reducible over ℚ. Received: 27 November 1998 / Revised version: 4 June 1999     

The structure of dendrites with the periodic point property

In this paper we study the structure of dendrites with the periodic point property, i.e., dendrites X such that for any continuous map f: X → X and any subcontinuum Y ⊂ X the condition Y ⊂ f(Y) implies that Y contains a periodic point of f.     

The Cluster Function of Single-Valued Functions

Given a single-valued function f between topological spaces X and Y, we interpret the cluster set C(f;x) as a multivalued function F=C(f;⋅) associated to f – the cluster function of f. For appropriate metrizable spaces X and Y, we characterize cluster functions C(f;⋅) among arbitrary set-valued functions F and show that every cluster function F=C(f;⋅) admits a selection h of Baire class 2 such that F=C(h;⋅). Mathematics Subject Classifications (2000) Primary: 54C50, 54C60; secondary: 26A21, 54C65.This research was partially supported by DFG Grant RI 1087/2.     

Points of joint continuity and large oscillations

For topological spaces X and Y and a metric space Z, we introduce a new class N( X ×Y, Z ) \mathcal{N}\left( {X \times Y,\,Z} \right) of mappings f: X × Y → Z containing all horizontally quasicontinuous mappings continuous with respect to the second variable. It is shown that, for each mapping f from this class and any countable-type set B in Y, the set C _B (f) of all points x from X such that f is jointly continuous at any point of the set {x} × B is residual in X: We also prove that if X is a Baire space, Y is a metrizable compact set, Z is a metric space, and f ? N( X ×Y, Z ) f \in \mathcal{N}\left( {X \times Y,\,Z} \right) , then, for any ε > 0, the projection of the set D ^ε (f) of all points p ∈ X × Y at which the oscillation ω _f (p) ≥ ε onto X is a closed set nowhere dense in X.     

On the meromorphic convexity of normality domains in a Stein manifold

Let X be a Stein manifold. Then we prove that for any family ℱ⊂?(X) the normality domain Dℱ) is a meromorphically ?(X)-convex open set of X. Received: 4 November 1999     

Two theorems about maximal Cohen–Macaulay modules

This paper contains two theorems concerning the theory of maximal Cohen–Macaulay modules. The first theorem proves that certain Ext groups between maximal Cohen–Macaulay modules M and N must have finite length, provided only finitely many isomorphism classes of maximal Cohen–Macaulay modules exist having ranks up to the sum of the ranks of M and N. This has several corollaries. In particular it proves that a Cohen–Macaulay lo cal ring of finite Cohen–Macaulay type has an isolated singularity. A well-known theorem of Auslander gives the same conclusion but requires that the ring be Henselian. Other corollaries of our result include statements concerning when a ring is Gorenstein or a complete intersection on the punctured spectrum, and the recent theorem of Leuschke and Wiegand that the completion of an excellent Cohen–Macaulay local ring of finite Cohen–Macaulay type is again of finite Cohen–Macaulay type . The second theorem proves that a complete local Gorenstein domain of positive characteristic p and dimension d is F-rational if and only if the number of copies of R splitting out of divided by has a positive limit. This result relates to work of Smith and Van den Bergh. We call this limit the F-signature of the ring and give some of its properties. Received: 6 May 2001 / Published online: 6 August 2002 Both authors were partially supported by the National Science Foundation. The second author was also partially supported by the Clay Mathematics Institute.     

A Note on Proper Maps of Locales

Let X and Y be completely regular locales. We show that the properness of a localic map f: X → Y can be characterized in terms of extension between compactifications.     

A note on the rank of semigroups

The rank of a semigroup $\mathcal{A}The rank of a semigroup A\mathcal{A} of functions from a finite set X to X is the minimum of |f(X)| over f ? Af\in \mathcal{A}. Given a finite set X and a subset Y of X, we show that if A\mathcal{A} is a semigroup of functions from X to X and ℬ a transitive semigroup of functions from Y to Y, then the rank of A\mathcal{A} divides that of ℬ provided that f(X)⊆Y for some f ? Af\in \mathcal{A} and that each function in ℬ is the restriction of a function in A\mathcal{A} to Y. To prove this, we generalize a result of Friedman which says that one can partition Y into q subsets of equal weight where q is the rank of ℬ. When one extends a transitive automaton by adding new states and letters, a similar condition guarantees that the rank of the extension divides the original rank.     

Distributive extensions of modules

Let X be a submodule of a module M. The extension is said to be distributive if X ∩ (Y + Z) = X ∩ Y + X ∩ Z for any two submodules Y and Z of M. We study distributive extensions of modules over not necessarily commutative rings. In particular, it is proved that the following three conditions are equivalent: (1) is a distributive extension; (2) for any submodule Y of the module M, no simple subfactor of the module X/(X∩Y ) is isomorphic to any simple subfactor of Y/(X∩Y) (3) for any two elements x ∈ X and m ∈ M, there does not exist a simple factor module of the cyclic module xA/(X ∩ mA) that is isomorphic to a simple factor module of the cyclic module mA/(X ∩ mA). __________ Translated from Fundamentalnaya i Prikladnaya Matematika, Vol. 12, No. 3, pp. 141–150, 2006.     

ℱ-subnormal and ℱ-subabnormal chains in finite groups

The class ℱ_pc of all finite groupsG is defined such thatX≤G implies that there exists an ℱ-subnormal subgroupS ofG containingX such thatX is ℱ-subabnormal inS, where ℱ is a saturated formation, closed under taken subgroups. Groups in ℱ_pc are characterized by ℱ-projectors and ℱ-covering subgroups. Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 19760001) and the Natural Science Foundation of Guangxi Autonomous Region.     

Kodaira dimension of irregular varieties

Let f:X→Y be an algebraic fiber space with general fiber F. If Y is of maximal Albanese dimension, we show that κ(X)≥κ(Y)+κ(F).