二维粗糙海面散射回波多普勒谱频移及展宽特征

基于二维线性海面模型及粗糙面电磁散射的一阶小斜率近似公式,研究了海面回波各阶多普勒谱的频移特性,得到了多普勒谱频移所对应的理论公式,与经典多普勒频移公式相比考虑到了风速、大尺度波浪轨道运动等因素对多普勒谱频移的影响;同时根据粗糙面的双尺度模型,基于多普勒谱频移的物理机理,给出了求解散射场多普勒谱展宽的理论公式.最后将理论公式计算所得结果与模拟结果及实测数据进行了比较,讨论了风速、入射波频率及入射角等因素对多普勒频移及多普勒谱展宽的影响.通过比较可以发现,给出的理论公式可以对多普勒谱频移和展宽进行一定程度的预测. 关键词： 粗糙海面 电磁散射 多普勒谱     

海面微波散射场多普勒谱特性研究

基于粗糙面电磁散射双尺度模型推导给出了海面微波散射场多普勒谱频移和谱宽的理论公式, 在该理论公式的推导过程中同时考虑了大尺度海浪的倾斜调制、遮蔽效应和曲率修正效应等因素的影响. 文中将理论公式计算结果与精确数值结果进行了比较, 并讨论了倾斜调制、遮蔽效应及曲率修正效应等因素对多普勒频移和谱宽的影响, 发现倾斜调制使水平极化散射回波多普勒频移显著增大, 从而导致水平极化回波多普勒频移比垂直极化回波多普勒频移大; 在中等入射角度区域, 遮蔽效应和曲率修正效应对多普勒谱并无显著影响, 而在掠射条件下, 遮蔽效应使得多普勒频移增大、谱宽变窄. 本研究对深入理解动态海面散射场频谱特性具有一定参考意义.     

基于Sagnac环梳状滤波编码的全光模数转换（英文）

提出一种基于多个并行Sagnac环梳状滤波器实现波长编码的方法,可用于孤子自频移全光模数转换的光学编码.仿真结果表明:该方法在1 601nm~1 707nm孤子自频移波段成功实现了5bits的光学编码,最大微分线性误差和积分线性误差分别为0.088LSB和0.482LSB.与其他波长编码方式相比,该方法结构简单、工作波长范围宽,并且具有非常好的编码位数扩展性.     

基于双声光移频器的外差式激光多普勒测振计

分析了单声光移频器构成的外差式激光多普勒测振计中声光移频器驱动信号的频率稳定性和信号功率对待测振动信号的影响.为了降低声光移频器驱动信号频率漂移的影响,提出双声光移频器构成的外差式激光多普勒测振计,并基于直接数字频率合成技术,以相位噪音低、初始相位可控的芯片AD9912为核心器件,完成了声光移频器驱动信号生成及处理模块的设计.开展了双声光移频器组成的外差式激光多普勒测振计的振动测量实验,结果表明,驱动信号生成装置可以驱动声光移频器正常工作,且测振计的本底噪音在0~10kHz频带范围内呈现平坦分布,0~1kHz频段内噪音得到明显抑制,较单声光移频器构成的外差式激光多普勒测振计有显著改善.     

基于双声光移频器的外差式激光多普勒测振计

分析了单声光移频器构成的外差式激光多普勒测振计中声光移频器驱动信号的频率稳定性和信号功率对待测振动信号的影响.为了降低声光移频器驱动信号频率漂移的影响,提出双声光移频器构成的外差式激光多普勒测振计,并基于直接数字频率合成技术,以相位噪音低、初始相位可控的芯片AD9912为核心器件,完成了声光移频器驱动信号生成及处理模块的设计.开展了双声光移频器组成的外差式激光多普勒测振计的振动测量实验,结果表明,驱动信号生成装置可以驱动声光移频器正常工作,且测振计的本底噪音在0～10kHz频带范围内呈现平坦分布,0～1kHz频段内噪音得到明显抑制,较单声光移频器构成的外差式激光多普勒测振计有显著改善.     

一种结合两类相位调制激光多普勒频移测量的方法

提出了一种新的激光多普勒频移测量方法,该方法以相位调制拍频信号振幅和相位作为自变量定义新函数,并以该函数作为多普勒频移鉴频参量,将两类相位调制激光多普勒频移测量方法结合.理论上将该方法的鉴频曲线、灵敏度曲线以及误差曲线等与两类相位调制方法的相应曲线进行比较,发现该方法不但继承了相位调制拍频信号振幅方法的工作方式,能够对小频移量进行测量,而且吸收了相位调制拍频信号相位方法的测量能力,具有更高的测量灵敏度和动态范围.通过实验对硬目标反射的频移可控信号光进行测量,证明了理论的正确性,而且通过调整平移参数,可以使该方法的测量动态范围提高约26.8%,更适合对高多普勒频移量进行测量.     

运动目标的多维度微运动特征提取研究

微多普勒特征提取作为一种常用的时频分析工具,对微动目标特征的提取重构具有重要意义.为了更好地研究多运动的微多普勒效应,提出了一种运动姿态分类方法.按照目标频移是否随时间变化可以将运动姿态分为频移时变运动和频移时不变运动.频移时变运动包括平移、翻滚和振动.针对这种运动应分析对比不同时间对应的瞬态频移,频移时不变运动主要为旋转运动.本文通过微多普勒效应理论结合电磁波频域模型,实现3D运动目标微动特性提取的仿真建立目标,分析不同环境条件例如晴天阴天、有无湍流对探测的影响,为后续实验研究奠定理论基础.开展基于收发同置系统的多特征运动目标的微多普勒频移探测实验,实验结果表明,不同目标位置上频移的幅度、正负性和谱线宽度旨在反演目标形状、运动姿态、运动方向和速度.利用FFTshift函数对一维数据进行解调分析,实现三维时间-频率-强度关系的研究.本研究实现了对目标宏观形状特性的测量以及微观运动信息的提取,为雷达探测和识别奠定基础.     

相位调制激光多普勒频移测量方法的改进

本文对现有相位调制激光多普勒频移测量方法进行了改进,通过定义新的鉴频参量来同时利用相位调制信号直流和交流分量中的有用信息进行多普勒频移测量.由于相位调制信号直流分量中包含着调制信号光的Fabry-Perot干涉仪光强透过率,所以这一改进本质上是将基于Fabry-Perot干涉仪的边缘技术激光多普勒频移测量方法的优势引入到相位调制测量方法中,以提高其自身的性能.理论上证明改进后的相位调制激光多普勒频移测量方法无需对信号光的光强进行测量,所以可以进一步简化探测系统的结构和较少噪声混入的通道.另外,通过对改进前后鉴频和测量灵敏度曲线进行对比,还证明了其具有更高的测量灵敏度和动态范围.实验上对硬目标反射的频移可控信号光进行测量,不但证明了理论的正确性,而且证明了改进后的相位调制激光多普勒频移测量方法,测量动态范围提高约1倍,测量标准偏差降低约35%.     

GNSS载波多普勒频移计算、分析及实验验证

全球卫星导航系统信号处理中,多普勒频移至关重要。本文对地心惯性坐标系下载波多普勒频移最大值计算进行了研究,其推导中没有考虑地球自转速度和地面用户位置的影响。本文针对这个问题进行分析,通过建立卫星和用户位置和速度之间的立体几何模型,提出了地心地固坐标系下任意用户位置载波多普勒频移最大值的精确计算方法。同时针对多普勒频移计算问题,通过构建卫星与用户之间的距离向量,提出了基于精密星历的任意用户位置载波多普勒频移计算方法。最后使用GNSS仿真数据和实测数据进行验证,两种方法的计算结果均和实验结果相符合。两种新方法能够解决地心地固坐标系下特定位置处的多普勒频移最大值和特定位置处载波多普勒频移的计算问题。     

相关时延及频谱不对称对声学多普勒测速偏差影响

研究了复协方差频移估计测速下相关时延及接收信号频谱幅值不对称对声学多普勒测速偏差的影响.不考虑测速公式简化误差,复协方差频移估计测速偏差可以简化为多普勒频移测量偏差.经推导,不考虑发射信号波束开角的窄带测频无偏、宽带测频有偏;考虑波束开角的窄带测频和宽带测频均有偏.相关时延不准确且频谱不对称是该偏差的重要来源.仿真分析...     

Doppler effect performance for multiple hops optical connections in LEO satellite constellations

Low earth orbit satellite constellations using laser inter-satellite links are recognized to be capable to satisfy the increasing broadband communication demands. However, Doppler in inter-satellite laser communications can degrade the performance of the optical space network. It is crucial to study the Doppler performance on the high precision system. The expression of Doppler wavelength shift for multiple hops laser inter-satellite links is proposed in the paper. The calculation of Doppler wavelength shift in multiple hops ISL is studied with the consideration of location, motion and onboard characters of the satellites. Theoretical and numerical analysis show different routing way between two certain distant satellites will lead to different Doppler wavelength shift and signal transmitting time, and the variation of Doppler wavelength shift is mostly depend on the number of laser inter-satellite links hops; reasonable onboard time delay can augment signal transmitting time with little influence to the Doppler wavelength shift. It is hoped that the study can help the routing selection of the optical space network and system compensation.     

Reversed Doppler effect in photonic crystals

Nonrelativistic reversed Doppler shifts have never been observed in nature and have only been speculated to occur in pathological systems with simultaneously negative effective permittivity and permeability. This Letter presents a different, new physical phenomenon that leads to a nonrelativistic reversed Doppler shift in light. It arises when light is reflected from a moving shock wave propagating through a photonic crystal. In addition to reflection of a single frequency, multiple discrete reflected frequencies or a 10 GHz periodic modulation can also be observed when a single carrier frequency of wavelength 1 microm is incident.     

Doppler characterization of laser inter-satellite links for optical LEO satellite constellations

Because of ensuring very low propagation delay between satellites, and providing global space-based broadband network services, low earth orbit (LEO) satellite constellations with laser inter-satellite links (ISLs) are considered to be the enabling technology to satisfy the increasing data traffic demand. However, significant Doppler can be observed by the onboard terminals on the ISLs, due to the high relative speed of the two communicating LEO satellites. This paper describes an analytic derivation of the Doppler wavelength shift measured by the terminal onboard a satellite on the signal transmitted through the ISLs. The Point-Ahead Mechanism of the optical ISLs is considered in the analytical expression of the Doppler wavelength shift. Then, in terms of the ISLs characteristics of the satellite constellations, the expression of Doppler wavelength shift is deduced into two aspects. First, for the full time accessing ISLs, it evolves as a function of the constellation parameters. Thus, the Doppler characterization for two kinds of interorbit full time accessing ISLs of LEO satellite constellations is analyzed. Second, for the intermittent accessing ISLs, the expression of Doppler wavelength shift is given as a function of the minimum ISL distance between two communicating satellites. And the visibility duration of the destination satellite at the source satellite is estimated for the intermittent ISLs. This work is helpful to evaluate the design of constellation networking.     

获取超短波长电磁辐射的新途径

在系统研究运动电子对迎面而来的圆偏振激光脉冲的汤姆逊散射的基础上，讨论了获取超短波长电磁辐射的两种新方案。其一是利用超强圆偏振激光在具有特定速度的电子的非线性散射所伴随的谐波频率上称，其二是利用激光在相对论电子反向散射所伴随的多普勒频移。     

Frequency modulation via the Doppler effect in optical fibers

We present the principle of optical frequency modulation via the Doppler effect obtained by rapidly stretching an optical fiber and thus modifying the optical path of the light propagating in the fiber. This procedure creates a pure frequency shift, with no degradation of the spectrum. Moreover, the effect is wavelength independent and can therefore be applied to any type of light source. We show an experimental realization in which a frequency excursion of ~100 MHz was obtained with a bobbin vibrating at 180 Hz.     

采用多量子阱光折变器件的新型相干光通信接收方案探索

探索一种采用多量子阱光折变器件的新型相干空间光通信接收方案,和传统的差拍方案相比,可以省掉繁琐的中频跟踪电子学系统,并对大气光通信传输常见的波面畸变、偏振面无规律变化及多普勒频移等干扰有所抑制。也报道该方案零拍接收以及器件性能研究的实验结果。     

Directional achromatic heterodyne fiber laser Doppler anemometer

The application of diode-pumped double-clad Nd:glass fiber lasers with high fundamental mode power for laser Doppler anemometry (LDA) will be presented. An acousto-optic modulator (AOM) is used as a diffractive beam splitter, so that the LDA calibration constant is wavelength independent, i.e., achromatic. Hence, broadband emitting powerful fiber lasers can also be employed. The directional discrimination of the LDA velocity measurement was achieved using the heterodyne technique with the frequency shift of the AOM element.     

Doppler effects due to thermal macromotion of ions in an rf quadrupole trap

The second-order Doppler shift is an important source of systematic error in rf quadrupole trapped ion frequency standards. This shift can be reduced by cooling the secular motion of the ion cloud with a light background gas at low pressure. Using a thermalized ion cloud model, it is possible to relate the Doppler shift to the temperature of the ion cloud. It is shown that, in practice, the measured frequency of the first-order Doppler sidebands can be used to determine the ion cloud temperature.     

光谱法测量等离子体离子温度和旋转速度

分析多普勒展宽和多普勒频移的区别，讨论了弦积分的线形分布和高斯分布的差异，利用光谱多道分析仪测量了碳227．1nm谱线的线形分布，通过选点拟合得出辐射粒子的离子温度和旋转速度径向分布。     

空时多普勒频移域运动小目标的抗干扰探测方法

有源声呐使用多普勒敏感信号可在多普勒频移域分离杂波、混响等干扰和运动目标,但低信干比时强干扰的时间旁瓣泄露和多普勒旁瓣泄露会淹没弱目标.针对该问题,提出了一种基于自适应最小均方(LMS)算法和宽带模糊函数(WAF)的运动小目标抗干扰探测方法.首先在空间多普勒频移域上利用基于LMS的自适应陷波器抑制干扰,然后在快时间多普...