低频段紧凑型同轴相对论返波振荡器

基于P波段新型三周期慢波结构同轴相对论返波振荡器设计思想,设计了一个L波段同轴相对论返波振荡器。粒子模拟表明,在二极管电压591 kV、电流8.2 kA、导引磁场0.8 T时,获得了1.50 GW的微波输出,频率为1.64 GHz,效率达31%,器件慢波结构尺寸仅为f96 mm207 mm。分析了该器件实际高频结构的电动力学特性,重点研究了纵向谐振模式、品质因数等特点,并结合P波段的研究结果,得到了该类器件的相关设计指标:慢波结构长度约为一个波长,波纹周期约5/13波长,外波纹深度约1/10波长,内波纹深度约1/30波长,电子束半径约0.7倍外波纹平均半径,器件的纵向工作模式为0.8模,对应的Q值约16。     

缺陷态同轴布拉格波导传输特性

采用基于Ansoft HFSS的电磁仿真平台,研究了一个工作于Ka波段（37.5 GHz附近）的缺陷态同轴布拉格波导在不同的开槽方式及缺陷位置条件下的传输特性。结果表明:该波导只有在内外导体壁单面开槽并引入缺陷,或者双面开槽且两个开槽面同时引入缺陷的条件下才能够有效地产生出传输通带;对于后者而言,将内外导体壁的波纹初始相位差设置为且让缺陷位于波导中间时,可以获得带宽极窄、阻带抑制范围较宽的传输通带,此时,给内外导体壁的缺陷引入适度的错位能够对通带的中心频率、带宽等性能指标起到微调作用,而引入大间距的错位则能够在禁带中产生出多个通带,从而起到多通道滤波的作用。     

椭圆外导体-矩形内导体同轴线的特性阻抗

本文提出用图形逼近和取尺寸上、下限值的几何平均值的方法,计算椭圆外导体-矩形内导体同轴线特性阻抗。矩形截面内导体的内切共焦椭圆和外接共焦椭圆,通过保角变换,变成同心圆。矩形变成近于矩形的闭合曲线,二同心圆分别为它的最小值和最大值,取二者的几何平均值,与同轴椭圆截面外导体同时变成的同心圆,构成一个标准同轴线,得到了特性阻抗公式。并由此推导出椭圆外导体-微带内导体、圆形外导体-方形内导体、圆形外导体-矩形内导体及圆形外导体-微带内导体等各种同轴线的特性阻抗的初等函数表示式。给出了上述几种同轴线的特性阻抗准确数值。 关键词：     

Effect of background plasma on electromagnetic properties of coaxial gyrotron cavity

We analyze the effect of the background plasma on the electromagnetic properties of coaxial resonators with a smooth and a corrugated inner conductors used in high-power gyrotrons. It is shown that the plasma produces different effects on the modes with different signs of the azimuthal index, leading to a decrease or an increase in the resonance frequencies. A modification of the distributions of electromagnetic fields and the electromagnetic energy density by the background plasma occurs in such a way that Ohmic losses decrease both on the inner and on the outer conductors. In the case of a smooth inner conductor, this is due to a decrease in the field strengths on the surface of the conductors. If the inner conductor is corrugated, the background plasma leads to an increase in the field strengths on its surface. Nevertheless, the relative Ohmic loss power decreases due to an increase in the energy density in the resonator (which is also caused by the background plasma). Calculations were mainly performed for a coaxial resonator of a gyrotron operating on the TE34.19 mode (Karlsruhe, Germany).     

外开槽同轴波导传播特性

 根据满足边界条件的一系列电磁场方程,采用场匹配法,详细推导了外开槽同轴波导的特征方程。在外开槽同轴波导光滑内同轴半径等于零的情形下,即变成外开槽圆波导,得到其特征方程。数值模拟了外开槽同轴波导及外开槽圆波导中TE₀₁模式的传播特性,得到了不同尺寸外开槽同轴波导开槽间隙半张角和槽深与特征根的变化关系。结果表明:开槽越深,间隙半张角越小,特征根值越小。     

多倍脉宽输出的螺旋重入脉冲形成线

提出了一种螺旋线重入结构的脉冲形成线,可实现多倍脉宽输出。该结构由储能外线和重入内线组成;重入内线的外屏蔽圆筒内表面呈阶梯状,内筒为均匀螺旋线结构,实现简单;储能外线与Tesla变压器一体化。结合采用螺旋重入和二级重入结构,给出了一组10 GW功率、百ns脉宽的重入型脉冲形成线设计,形成线采用Midel 7131合成酯绝缘介质,外筒内径1 m,长度2 m。     

同轴回旋行波放大器的理论和数值研究

 给出了一组描述同轴回旋行波放大器中波束相互作用的非线性自洽方程组，对该放大器的运行特性进行了研究。得到：在小信号区，辐射场的增益随同轴波导的内外半径比b/a的增加而增加，达到饱和时的辐射功率仅略有下降；内外导体管壁上的功率损耗密度随b/a的增加而减小。采用电压为90kV，电流为10A，纵向速度零散度为3%，速率比为1的电子束，在34.26～36.78GHz的频率范围内，计算得到了峰值功率约230kW的微波输出，相应的增益和效率分别为46.6dB和25.5%，带宽为7%，内外导体管壁上功率的最大损耗分别为80和56W/cm²。     

带有锥度结构的同轴开槽布拉格反射器研究

本文提出在Kα波段圆柱过模结构绕射辐射器件(RDG)中引入一种带有锥度结构的同轴内开槽布拉格反射器.采用复功率守恒技术(CCPT)对该反射器的频率响应特性进行分析.研究了相位匹配段长度,波纹槽深及锥度对反射器频率响应特性的影响,分析了波纹初始相位对反射器选模特性的影响,发现该反射器具有良好的模式选择特性.本文的研究工作为同轴Bragg反射器结构的研究提供了重要的理论分析手段. 关键词： 同轴Bragg反射器 频率响应特性 复功率守恒 绕射辐射振荡器     

具有圆柱内导体的矩形及槽形线的工作特性

利用椭圆函数,可将具有圆柱中心内导的矩形传输线变换成外导体为圆柱面而内导体则近似地为圆柱面的同轴线,然后利用圆柱谐波的有限多项,选取各个谐波的值,以使外圆柱面上的边界条件得到满足,而内圆柱面上的边界条件则只在有限多个点上成立,即解决了具有中心内导体的矩形线的一个传输线问题。同样地,利用三角函数,即可处理具有中心内导体的槽形传输线:转换成为接地平面与平行放置的近似圆柱面的一个布置,然后利用双极坐标的变换,用有限多项的直角坐标谐波以解决此具有中心圆柱体的槽形线问题。当此槽形线底部与中心圆柱的轴线间的距离趋于无限大时,我们即得到人的所熟知的两平板间具有中心内导体的传输线的结果。     

Mode selective properties of coaxial gyrotron resonators

In this paper, the mode-selective properties of coaxial gyrotron resonators are discussed for different cavity configurations. Expressions are derived for the ohmic loading of a coaxial conductor with longitudinal corrugations where the RF field inside the corrugations is fully taken into account, and for the diffractive quality factor in coaxial cavities with tapered inner conductor relative to that of an empty cylindrical cavity. The competing action of a kind of “surface mode” that appears in corrugated structures is investigated by considering its diffractive and ohmic quality factors. Additional mode competition problems that can arise in coaxial cavities with corrugated inner conductor due to second cyclotron harmonic interaction are investigated and solutions to the problem are proposed     

同轴波纹返波管色散特性研究及粒子模拟

 计算了同轴波纹慢波结构的色散特性，分析了波纹周期长度、波纹幅值大小以及同轴内导体半径对慢波结构色散特性的影响。研究表明内导体的存在使系统截止频率升高,系统尺寸可比普通波纹波导慢波系统更大, 并且可以采用大半径电子注并工作在低磁场状态。运用Magic软件对同轴波纹返波管进行了数值模拟, 发现同轴波导内场分布有利于注波互作用,在数值模拟基础上设计出高效率、低磁场的非均匀同轴波纹返波管,互作用效率达60%,聚束磁场小于1 T。     

矩形槽同轴布拉格结构的模式匹配分析方法及实验验证

基于模式匹配法建立了矩形槽同轴布拉格结构的全波耦合分析模型, 推导出了不同模式反射率和传输率的计算式, 并采用公开报道的实验数据验证了该理论模型. 在此基础上就本文理论与其他相关的理论方法进行了比较, 发现以前的理论近似模型由于忽略了矩形槽中的消失模而使传输率的频率响应曲线发生偏差. 本文建立的理论方法有望为矩形槽同轴布拉格结构的特性研究和工程实践提供一种理论分析手段. 关键词： 同轴布拉格结构 矩形波纹 模式匹配法 模式耦合     

0.14 THz双环超材料慢波结构表面波振荡器数值研究

本文研究了一种太赫兹波段双环超材料慢波结构, 并具有同轴引出结构的相对论过模表面波振荡器. 设计了超材料同轴过模慢波结构; 通过色散特性, 进行了模式选择和过模结构电子束电参数和几何参数的设计; 根据超材料同轴慢波结构的特点, 设计了具有同轴引出结构的末端同轴输出段. 粒子模拟结果表明, 在电子束电压为600 kV和电流为1.0 kA, 引导磁场为2.0 T 时, 同轴超材料慢波结构过模表面波振荡器输出稳定单频的0.141 THz电磁波, 峰值功率为316.8 MW.     

欧姆损耗对太赫兹频段同轴表面波振荡器的影响

为了研究欧姆损耗对太赫兹波段真空电子器件工作特性的影响, 本文推导了2.5维全电磁粒子模拟软件UNIPIC的表面阻抗边界条件, 并采用软件对不同金属材料慢波结构的同轴结构表面波振荡器进行了数值模拟研究, 分析了不同金属材料慢波结构器件的输出功率与电导率的关系, 模拟结果表明: 金属电导率对器件的输出功率有非常大的影响, 对于0.14 THz 同轴表面波振荡器, 铜材料和不锈钢材料慢波结构器件的输出功率分别下降13.4%和63.9%, 起振时间分别延迟0.4 ns 和15 ns.     

Electromagnetic field distributions in waveguide-based axial-type microwave plasma source

We present results from simulations of 2D distributions of the electromagnetic field inside a waveguide-based axial-type microwave plasma source (MPS) used for hydrogen production via methane reforming. The studies are aimed at optimization of discharge processes and hydrogen production. We derive equations for determining electromagnetic field distributions and next determine the electromagnetic field distributions for two cases – without and with plasma inside the MPS. For the first case, we examine the influence of the length of the inner conductor of the coaxial line on electromagnetic field distributions. We have obtained standing wave patterns along the coaxial line and found resonances for certain positions of the coaxial line inner conductor. For the case with plasma inside the MPS, we perform calculations assuming that distributions of plasma parameters are known. Simulations are done for several values of maximum electron density. We have found that for values of electron density greater than strong skin effect in the plasma is observed. Consequently, plasma may be treated as an extension of the inner conductor of the coaxial line. We have used FlexPDE software for the calculations.     

同轴线直馈的T2模四臂螺旋全向圆极化天线

基于T2模四臂螺旋,提出一种新型的全向圆极化天线。T2模全向圆极化天线无需采用复杂的馈电网络,而采用同轴线直接馈电,即同轴电缆的内、外导体依次交替馈电至天线的四个螺旋臂,巧妙实现了T2模四臂螺旋的馈电相位要求(0°-180°-0°-180°);为了提高天线的辐射效率,螺旋线采用线宽捷变技术(即螺旋臂的前面部分窄、后面部分宽);为了保持天线的圆极化特性,螺旋线末端加载吸收导线。对天线进行了仿真和测试,两者结果吻合好,天线的实测增益为10.5dBi、轴比为1.3dB,水平圆度为2.3dB。     

Capillary instability of the cylindrical interface between ferrofluids in a magnetic field with circular field lines

Capillary breakup of a viscous magnetic fluid layer subjected to a gradient magnetic field under hydroweightlessness is studied within the linear theory. The cylinder surface of a current-carrying conductor serves as the inner boundary of the layer. The outer boundary of the layer is the coaxial interface with an immiscible nonviscous fluid of lower permeability. The particular subject of investigation is the effect of the relative thickness of the layer and that of the magnetic Bond number on the characteristic time of growth of the fastest-increasing harmonic and on the size of droplets forming under the ultimate conditions of capillary breakup (i.e., at large and small Ohnesorge numbers).     

RF thermal and new cold part design studies on a TTF-Ⅲ input coupler for Project-X

An RF power coupler is one of the key components in a superconducting (SC) linac. It provides RF power to the SC cavity and interconnects different temperature layers (1.8 K, 4.2 K, 70 K and 300 K). The TTF-Ⅲ coupler is one of the most promising candidates for the High Energy (HE) linac of Project X, but it cannot meet the average power requirements because of the relatively high temperature rise on the warm inner conductor, so some design modifications will be required. In this paper, we describe our simulation studies on the copper coating thickness on the warm inner conductor with RRR values of 10 and 100. Our purpose is to rebalance the dynamic and static loads, and finally lower the temperature rise along the warm inner conductor. In addition, to get stronger coupling, better power handling and less multipacting probability, one new cold part design was proposed using a 60 mm coaxial line; the corresponding multipacting simulation studies have also been investigated.     

RF thermal and new cold part design studies on a TTF-Ⅲ input coupler for Project-X

An RF power coupler is one of the key components in a superconducting (SC) linac. It provides RF power to the SC cavity and interconnects different temperature layers (1.8 K, 4.2 K, 70 K and 300 K). The TTF-Ⅲ coupler is one of the most promising candidates for the High Energy (HE) linac of Project X, but it cannot meet the average power requirements because of the relatively high temperature rise on the warm inner conductor, so some design modifications will be required. In this paper, we describe our simulation studies on the copper coating thickness on the warm inner conductor with RRR values of 10 and 100. Our purpose is to rebalance the dynamic and static loads, and finally lower the temperature rise along the warm inner conductor. In addition, to get stronger coupling, better power handling and less multipacting probability, one new cold part design was proposed using a 60 mm coaxial line; the corresponding multipacting simulation studies have also been investigated.     

具有螺旋内筒和螺旋外筒的Blumlein线

提出了具有螺旋内筒和外筒的同轴Blumlein线的结构。采用横电磁波传输理论分析脉冲形成过程,该结构具有传统Blumlein线内外线独立传输的典型特征,给出了特征阻抗、慢波系数等参数的表达式;原理实验输出脉冲顶部平坦,顶宽占半宽的80%,输出辐值和半脉宽与理论计算基本一致,验证了该结构产生长脉冲的可行性;指出了该结构容易受周围环境导体的影响,外部环境导体距离越远对脉冲输出的影响越小,在螺旋外筒底部与接地导体平板之间填充铁氧体磁芯,可把两者距离从500mm缩减至100mm。