电子离散发射模型的基础理论

通过建立电子的离散发射模型并解析求解泊松方程,研究了两平行板电容器之间电子发散注入时电势的分布情况。结果表明：电子注的进入对无电子时两平板之间的电势产生了周期性和非周期性扰动,周期性扰动的平均效果为零,所以电子注产生的扰动主要由非周期性扰动体现。当电子的入射角度在0°～90°时,扰动出现了4个尖峰,除此之外电子注入对电势的扰动基本上为零,这从理论上解释了MICHELL的九粒子发射模型。     

二次电子发射系数对含有超广延分布电子的等离子体器壁电势的影响

采用一维模型研究本底电子为麦氏分布的等离子体中存在部分超广延分布的高温电子情况下的二次电子发射系数对器壁电势的影响。数值模拟结果表明：当器壁二次电子发射系数较小时,器壁电势随着超广延分布电子与本底电子的浓度比值、温度比值、以及超广延参量这些参数的增加而减小;当器壁二次电子发射系数较大时,器壁电势则随着超广延分布电子与本底电子的浓度比值、温度比值、以及超广延参量值的增加而增加。     

基于双光注入锁定1550 nm垂直腔表面发射半导体激光器产生可调谐毫米波

基于自旋反转模型, 对双光注入下1550 nm 垂直腔表面发射半导体激光器(1550 nm-VCSEL)的非线性动力学行为进行了理论分析和数值仿真研究. 结果表明: 当一个中心波长位于1550 nm 的副VCSEL(S-VCSEL)同时受到来自两个主VCSELs (M-VCSELs)的光注入时, 在适当的注入条件下, S-VCSEL可处于双光注入锁定态. 此时, S-VCSEL中的两偏振模式均呈现频率为两注入光频率之差的周期性振荡, 输出的光谱仅包含两个主频率部分, 即光谱具有单边带特征. 因此, 基于双光注入下S-VCSEL的周期性振荡可以获得两个相互正交的光毫米波. 通过调节两个M-VCSELs之间的频率差异可使毫米波频率在较大范围内连续可调, 通过调节系统参量可以控制毫米波功率以及调制深度. 关键词： 垂直腔表面发射激光器 双光注入 毫米波 调制深度     

宽束冷阴极离子源分时中和技术的研究

离子束辅助镀膜沉积过程中,绝缘薄膜表面的电荷积累效应严重影响了薄膜质量。通过对宽束冷阴极离子源引出栅部分的改进,采用分时引出电子和离子方法,使正负电荷中和,以消除薄膜表面的放电现象,并对引出电子束的束流密度、能量、发射角等参数进行了测试。实验结果表明：在引出电压为600V时,电子的平均能量为100eV左右;引出电子束的发射角可以达到±40°,在±15°范围内的束流密度波动小于±5%。引出电子的束流密度较同参数下的离子束流密度小,通过调节脉冲电源的占空比,可达到很好的中和效果。     

双注磁控注入电子枪

为了增加回旋管的功率,采用双注磁控注入电子枪产生相对论电子注。与双阳极磁控注入电子枪相比,双注磁控注入电子枪产生双束电子注,在不影响电子注质量的基础上,增加电子枪的电流;电子枪产生相同电流时,双注磁控注入电子枪电子注电流小,电子注电子之间的空间电荷效应小,能够降低电子注的速度零散,提高电子注的质量。采用MAGIC软件数值模拟双注磁控注入电子枪,设计出一支大束流、低速度零散的双注磁控注入电子枪。     

双注磁控注入电子枪

为了增加回旋管的功率,采用双注磁控注入电子枪产生相对论电子注。与双阳极磁控注入电子枪相比,双注磁控注入电子枪产生双束电子注,在不影响电子注质量的基础上,增加电子枪的电流;电子枪产生相同电流时,双注磁控注入电子枪电子注电流小,电子注电子之间的空间电荷效应小,能够降低电子注的速度零散,提高电子注的质量。采用MAGIC软件数值模拟双注磁控注入电子枪,设计出一支大束流、低速度零散的双注磁控注入电子枪。     

一种平面宽带发射换能器的设计

本换能器是由多个纵向振动子组成的平面发射阵。振子共振频率有三种,由低至高依次为f_1,f_2,f_3,获得了一个倍频程的宽带发射。其工作频率为50kHz至100kHz,发射电压灵敏度为162.5±2.5dB。声源级SL>200dB(0dB=1μPa/v·m)。水平束宽为7°—14°,垂直束宽为20°—40°。 本文对发射电压灵敏度的频率响应和指向性图作了理论分析,结果与实验相符     

表面传导电子发射显示器件电场分布的理论研究

利用电磁理论对表面传导电子发射显示器件的单个子像素在笛卡尔坐标系内建立合理的电学物理模型，对内部电场强度和电势进行了深入研究，推导出了模型不同部分的面电荷密度、电场强度和电势的表达式.为了形象地表征其电学特性，利用MATLAB 6.5对电场强度和电势的分布情况进行了模拟，从理论上对模拟曲面给出了合理的解释，分析了子像素内部电子的发射机理和电学行为，并与电子多重散射模型和惯性离心模型进行了对比，解释了SED阳极电流形成的重要原因.在误差允许的范围内，本模型有关电场强度分布的结论与惯性离心模型一致. 关键词： 表面传导电子发射显示 遂穿效应 面电荷密度 电场强度     

光脉冲注入下VCSEL的偏振开关特性

基于描述主、副垂直腔表面发射激光器（M-VCSEL,S-VCSEL）动态特性的速率方程,研究了M-VCSEL在脉冲电流调制下,输出光脉冲的偏振特性,以及S-VCSEL在M-VCSEL输出光脉冲的注入下,其偏振开关特性.研究结果表明：M-VCSEL在周期性脉冲电流的作用下,将产生周期性光脉冲输出;S-VCSEL在该光脉冲的注入下,输出光将在两个互相垂直的方向之间发生周期性转化,且变化周期与M-VCSEL所受到的调制脉冲电流周期相同;通过改变M-VCSEL驱动脉冲电流的调制幅度,可控制S-VCSEL输出的垂直偏振抑制比. 关键词： 垂直腔表面发射激光器（VCSEL） 光脉冲 偏振开关     

太赫兹源场致发射电子源

通过粒子模拟(PIC)软件模拟计算了在ps级别下二极与三极结构碳纳米管场致发射的电流密度与电子注聚焦性能。阳极电压在2 kV时,二极结构下电流密度达到1.85 A/cm2;三极结构下,栅压700 V时发射电流密度达到2.3 A/cm2,且在一定的三极结构参数与电极电压下,可以获得较好的电子注聚束效果。通过碳纳米管二极管发射实验,获得了6.6 A/cm2的发射电流密度,总发射电流达到52.1 mA,可以为太赫兹器件提供连续发射的电子注。     

周期场聚焦电子束

引言 自从发现“强聚焦效应”可以应用在粒子加速器内以后,人们知道利用周期磁场能把离子束控制得更细,于是可以减少磁铁的需要量。因此近年来为了改建或新设计各种类型粒子加速器,对周期场聚焦离子束或电子束方面曾进行了很多研究工作。另一方面人们也开始研究用周期电场和磁场聚焦各种电子管内的电子束,例如行波管内电子束的聚焦等。聚焦电子束的主要特点在於必要考虑空间电荷。     

Scalar particles in a narrow-band periodic potential

A system of an infinite number of spinless particles in a narrow-band periodic potential is treated. The dimension of the space is arbitrary, the tight-binding approximation is used, and it is assumed that the filling fraction is nearly one electron per atom. After a preliminary discussion of the Hartree approximation, the full Schrödinger equation is considered and a rigorous spectral perturbation theory in the kinetic energy term is set up. To get rid of the lack of relative boundedness of this perturbation, a vacuum state is constructed and its energy renormalized to zero, and passage is made to an excitonic representation in which the quasiparticles appear naturally as local perturbations of the vacuum. In this representation, relative boundedness is recovered and Rayleigh-Schrödinger expansions can be used to find cluster expansions for all local observables.     

Sb-capping and decapping of MBE-grown GaSb(100)

We present a study of GaSb(100) surfaces grown by molecular beam epitaxy, protected by an Sb cap during ambient storage, and annealed in ultra-high vacuum. The surface structure, composition and electronic transitions are investigated with low energy electron diffraction, Auger electron spectroscopy, and electron energy loss spectroscopy. Successful Sb-decapping is achieved by annealing at 300° C for 30 min. It leads to a (2 × 3)−c(2 × 6) reconstructed surface with less residual damage and higher Sb concentration than surfaces prepared by sputtering and annealing.     

激光驱动飞片超高速发射技术实验研究

介绍了影响激光驱动超高速发射技术的各种因素。分析了激光能量、激光光束空间分布对飞片发射速度及完整性的影响和飞片靶镀膜工艺对飞片速度及完整性的影响。结果表明：空间分布为“平顶型”的激光束有利于发射出完整的飞片。在膜与基底之间增加过渡层Cr可以大大提高膜与基底之间的附着力,从而提高飞片的发射速度。实验上利用波长1 064 nm、脉宽10 ns、能量835 mJ的激光使厚度5 μm、直径1 mm的铝飞片的发射速度达到10.4 km/s。大大提升了对微米级空间碎片速度的发射能力。     

Beam lifetime measurement and analysis in Indus-2 electron storage ring

In this paper, the beam lifetime measurement and its theoretical analysis are presented using measured vacuum pressure and applied radio frequency (RF) cavity voltage in Indus-2 electron storage ring at 2 GeV beam energy. Experimental studies of the effect of RF cavity voltage and bunched beam filling pattern on beam lifetime are also presented. An equation of stable beam current decay is evolved and this equation closely follows the observed beam current decay pattern. It shows that the beam is stable and the beam current decay is due to the beam–residual gas interaction (vacuum lifetime) and electron–electron interaction within a bunch (Touschek lifetime). The estimated vacuum, Touschek and total beam lifetimes from analytical formulations are also compared with the measured beam lifetime.     

Electron beam halo formation in high-power periodic permanentmagnet focusing klystron amplifiers

Electron beam halo formation is studied as a potential mechanism for electron beam losses in high-power periodic permanent magnet focusing klystron amplifiers. In particular, a two-dimensional (2-D) self-consistent electrostatic model is used to analyze equilibrium beam transport in a periodic magnetic focusing field in the absence of a radio frequency (RF) signal, and the behavior of a high-intensity electron beam under a current-oscillation-induced mismatch between the beam and the periodic magnetic focusing field. Detailed simulation results are presented for choices of system parameters corresponding to the 50-MW, 11.4-GHz periodic permanent magnet (PPM) focusing klystron experiment performed at the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center (SLAC). It is found from the self-consistent simulations that sizable halos appear after the beam envelope undergoes several oscillations, and that the residual magnetic field at the cathode plays an important role in delaying the halo formation process     

真空二极管辐射微波的机理分析

在研究真空开关的过程中,发现真空二极管能辐射出宽带微波.这种器件只由带触发装置的阴极和平板阳极组成,不存在金属波纹慢波结构,所以真空二极管的辐射机理与等离子体填充微波器件不同,不能直接套用等离子体填充微波器件的相关理论.本文描述了真空二极管产生辐射的物理过程,建立了真空二极管辐射的数学模型,通过求解波动方程得到产生辐射的色散关系,并绘制出了色散曲线.将理论分析得到的色散曲线与已经测得的微波辐射进行比较,两者能很好地符合.理论分析和实验结果表明,电子束和磁化等离子体的相互作用是真空二极管产生微波辐射的原因.     

周期椭圆螺线管聚焦带状电子注的理论研究和粒子模拟

带状电子注真空器件是一种很有潜力的高功率微波毫米波器件,其中带状电子注的稳定传输和聚焦是该器件的关键。针对带状电子注的聚焦和传输,提出采用周期椭圆螺线管结构来稳定传输高椭圆率的带状电子注。通过理论分析,得到椭圆螺线管的磁场分布情况,研究了该磁场下带状电子注的运动情况,并且推导出带状电子注在周期椭圆螺线管结构中稳定传输的条件。最后,采用粒子模拟验证了该稳定传输条件。     

Finite diffraction models for electron bandstructures

Truncations of the infinite determinant resulting from the plane wave expansion method for an electron in a periodic potential are analysed to determine how well they can reproduce the low-lying eigenvalues or energy bands. The availability of rigorous expansions for the solutions of the Mathieu equation, essentially the Schrödinger equation for an electron in a one-dimensional cosine potential, suggests that problem for definitive comparisons. Since the only models which can reproduce the fundamental quadratic behaviour of bands at the zone centre have symmetric (odd) sets of reciprocal lattice vectors, the lowest order candidate has an odd determinant of size 3 × 3 through the reciprocal lattice vectors which define the 1st. Brillouin zone of the one-dimensional lattice. As zone centred determinants are not symmetric about zone boundaries they will not give a vanishing group velocity at that point and the effects of truncation will be at their worst. The 3 × 3 or cubic model factorises at the zone centre and a detailed analysis in closed form is straightforward. Agreement with the rigorous results is better than 1% everywhere. The next largest model, with a 5 × 5 determinant, gives errors which are several orders of magnitude smaller throughout the 1st. Brillouin zone. In addition it is found that even the 3 × 3 model gives much better results for the lowest eigenvalue than does second order perturbation theory. Numerical comparisons are also made for the group velocity and (inverse) effective mass using a Hellman-Feynmann approach to calculate the derivatives. Extensions to complex periodic potentials and higher dimensions are briefly discussed.