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本文通过调节环境pH酸碱度改变聚电解质膜中氨基基团的键合状态,以控制聚电解质膜表面金纳米粒子的原位还原与自组装过程中的聚集行为,发现当聚电解质膜经pH为5.40的去离子水处理后可在其表面制备出片状金纳米结构;经pH为0.65的强酸溶液处理后,可在膜表面制备出树枝状的金纳米结构,且尺寸比pH为5.40条件下增大一倍;经pH为12.77的强碱溶液处理后,金纳米粒子的聚集状态发生改变,形成了球形纳米结构;对金纳米粒子形貌的调控机理进行了初步探讨. 相似文献
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在含有1 mmol/L H2PtCl6的0.1 mol/L H2SO4中,通过恒电位还原在铂盘电极表面原位沉积出球形、菱形、花状等不同形貌的Pt纳米颗粒。改变还原电位和时间实现了纳米铂的形貌及催化活性调控。实验表明,COD的电流响应信号与纳米Pt的形貌密切相关,"0.3 V还原2 min制备的花状纳米铂对COD的信号增强效应最强,显著提高了COD的响应电流。考察了pH值及安培检测电位的影响,构建了一种新型COD电化学传感器,检出限为1.8 mg/L,将其用于不同湖水COD浓度的测定,结果与国标法一致。 相似文献
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介质和力场协同作用对纳米纤维素形貌结构的调控 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
纤维素是一种由直链多聚糖通过糖苷键连接而成的巨型线性高分子,纤维素分子链通过氢键紧密排列形成纤维素晶体.由于纤维素晶体具有优良的化学可修饰性和机械性能等优点,纳米化加工的纤维素可广泛应用于日常生活和工业生产的各个领域.本文主要介绍了本课题组在机械剪切力作用下,实现纤维素纳米化并同时进行亲水或疏水改性的研究进展,重点介绍了介质极性对纤维素分子链之间相互作用的影响,并通过改变分子链之间的相互作用来调控纳米化纤维素的形貌和亲、疏水性.提出机械外力和环境极性协同作用下,晶面导向剥离纤维素的理论. 相似文献
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研究了水溶性聚乙二醇-6000(PEG-6000)、十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)及PEG-6000/SDS复合物对CaCO3晶体形貌的调控作用;采用傅立叶变换红外光谱仪、扫描电子显微镜和X射线衍射仪分析了CaCO3微观形貌及晶体结构.研究表明,SDS和PEG-6000之间产生协同效应,有利于调控形成特定形貌的CaCO3晶体;利用这种复合体系制备CaCO3晶体,可以有效地模拟生物矿化过程中阳离子的摄取或富集. 相似文献
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ZnS:Mn2+ polystyrene (PS) core-shell structures and ZnS:Mn2+ hollow spheres were prepared by a sonoehemical deposition approach. Transmission electron micrograph (TEM) studies show that the PS surface is covered by a thin shell consisted of ZnS: Mn2+ nanoparticles with an average size of 9 nm. ZnS: Mn2+ hollow spheres were obtained by heating the core-shell particles in air at 500 ℃ to drive off PS. The photoluminescence spectrum for the emission band of Mn2+ peaked at 540 nm, and a 45 nm blue shift compared to that of corresponding bulk sample, was discussed based on the Mn-O octahedral distortion induced by shell structure. 相似文献
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U. Sohling G. Jung D.U. Saenger S. Lu B. Kutsch M. Mennig 《Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology》1998,13(1-3):685-689
Mn2+-doped ZnS nanoparticles with different Mn-doping concentrations stabilized by hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) have been synthesized in ethanolic solutions and coatings. Their optical and structural properties have been characterized by means of UV-vis spectroscopy, luminescence spectroscopy, high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) and small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). Solutions and coatings exhibit a strong luminescence at 590 nm when excited with UV light showing that Mn2+ is incorporated into the ZnS nanoparticles. The highest luminescence intensity is obtained with an Mn2+ concentration of 2 mol%. HRTEM and SAXS investigations show that the particles are crystalline and are 3 ± 0.5 nm in size. Irradiation of the coatings with UV light leads to a photochemical oxidation of the particles, as shown by the decreasing absorption of the coating with irradiation time and a blue shift of the absorption maximum. Furthermore, the luminescence intensity first strongly increases and then decreases completely with UV-irradiation time. Both phenomena can be explained by the photochemical oxidation of the particles. 相似文献
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A. E. Raevskaya A. V. Korzhak A. L. Stroyuk S. Ya. Kuchmii 《Theoretical and Experimental Chemistry》2005,41(2):111-116
The spectro-optical properties of nanoparticles of ZnS have been studied and the structure of the long wavelength edge of the absorption bands of the semiconductor has been analyzed. The influence of the synthesis conditions on the size and optical properties of the nanoparticles of ZnS formed has been investigated. It has been established that oxidative photo-corrosion of zinc sulfide colloids is accompanied by a decrease in the average size of ZnS nanoparticles and an increase in the defectiveness of their surfaces.__________Translated from Teoreticheskaya i Eksperimental’naya Khimiya, Vol. 41, No. 2, pp. 105–109, March–April, 2005. 相似文献
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近年来,掺杂ZnS半导体纳米材料作为一类新型发光材料,因其独特的光学特性和在众多领域中的广阔应用前景而成为研究的热点。由于量子尺寸效应,随着纳米粒子粒径减小,掺杂ZnS纳米粒子量子产率增加、带隙能增大,导致吸收光谱和荧光激发光谱发生蓝移,而荧光发射光谱红移。本文详细讨论了影响掺杂ZnS纳米粒子发光性能和量子产率的因素,并综述了掺杂ZnS纳米材料制备及其应用的研究进展。 相似文献
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以L-半胱氨酸为表面修饰剂制备了稳定性和水溶性均优的ZnS∶Mn2+纳米晶,并应用于叶酸的检测。在pH 7.4的KH2PO4-Na2HPO4 缓冲溶液中,叶酸的加入使ZnS∶Mn2+体系的荧光发生猝灭,荧光强度的变化与叶酸浓度呈良好的线性关系,其线性范围为1.0×10-6~7.0×10-5 mol?L-1 (4.4×10-4~3.1×10-2 g?L-1),方法检出限为9.6×10-7 mol?L-1 (4.2×10-4 g?L-1)。该方法用于叶酸片剂和健康人尿液中叶酸的测定,结果满意。采用荧光光谱、紫外可见吸收光谱及X-ray光谱等研究了ZnS∶Mn2+纳米晶及其水溶液的特性,通过热力学参数对叶酸测定的可能机理进行了探讨。 相似文献
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Ordered ZnS semiconductor nanoparticles were in situ synthesized in metal halide perovskite organic/inorganic layered hybrids (CnH2n 1NH3)2ZnCl4 (n=10 and 12) by reaction of their spin-casting films with H2S gas. Transmission electron microscopy, UV-vis spectroscopy and small-angle X-ray diffraction were used to characterize the morphology and the structure of formed nanoparticles. Obtained results indicate an effective way to incorporate functional inorganic nanoparticles into structured organic matrices. 相似文献
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ZnS纳米粒子的固相合成及其光学性能 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
将不同的添加剂引入到低温固相反应中,快速合成了不同尺寸的ZnS纳米粒子。利用TEM表征了产物形貌,利用XRD研究了不同的添加剂、同一添加剂下不同的反应温度、不同反应时间对纳米粒子尺寸的影响。结果表明,不同的添加剂对粒子的尺寸影响较大,其中,十二烷基胺以其特殊的反应方式在较高温度下获得了较小的纳米粒子。另外,在PEG400存在条件下,反应温度和反应时间对粒子尺寸均有一定的影响。同时,对不同条件下所得产物的紫外-可见光吸收性能也进行了测试。 相似文献
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本文首先采用油水界面法制备发光纳米ZnS粒子,再通过物理混合法,将其分散在溶有小分子胶凝剂的有机溶液中,流延于玻璃基质表面,得到ZnS荧光薄膜。实验结果表明,ZnS纳米粒子的平均粒径大小约为200 nm,具有立方晶型结构,并且在杂化薄膜中具有良好的分散性;胶凝剂形成的网络结构对ZnS纳米粒子具有良好的限域效应,表现为稳定的发光性能;气敏实验表明,该杂化膜对挥发性有机单胺和二胺具有灵敏的选择性传感作用;且其灵敏度随着杂化薄膜中ZnS担载量的增大逐渐提高;可逆性实验表明该薄膜对乙二胺蒸汽具有良好的可逆响应性。 相似文献
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亲油性ZnS纳米微粒的合成 总被引:20,自引:0,他引:20
纳米微粒具有小尺寸效应、表面效应、量子效应和宏观量子隧道效应等一系列普通材料所不具备的特性 ,因而引起科技工作者的广泛重视 ,成为材料科学研究的热点 .制备纳米微粒的方法很多 [1~ 7] ,但由于纳米微粒的小尺寸效应及表面效应 ,通常制备的无机纳米微粒极易团聚 ,而且无机纳米微粒的非油溶性使其在摩擦学领域的应用受到很大限制 .本文采用表面修饰 [8~ 11] 方法 ,通过共沉淀的竞争反应 ,制备了表面为有机修饰剂双十六烷基二硫代磷酸 (DDP)修饰的无机 Zn S纳米微粒 ,并用红外光谱、 X射线光电子能谱和透射电子显微镜等分析手段对表… 相似文献
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A. E. Raevskaya A. V. Korzhak A. L. Stroyuk S. Ya. Kuchmii 《Theoretical and Experimental Chemistry》2005,41(4):241-246
We have studied the photochemical processes occurring in colloidal ZnS solutions containing zinc chloride and sodium sulfite
as additives. Irradiation of such systems leads to reduction of Zn(II), the rate of which increases as the size of the ZnS
nanoparticles decreases. Based on analysis of the kinetic curves for the reaction, we hypothesize that photoreduction of Zn(II)
is a two-electron process.
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Translated from Teoreticheskaya i Eksperimental'naya Khimiya, Vol. 41, No. 4, pp. 231–235, July–August, 2005. 相似文献