球状介孔锆铝复合氧化物甲醇催化剂载体的制备及性能

以Zr(NO₃)₄·5H₂O和Al(NO₃)₃·9H₂O为原料,采用葡萄糖水热法制备了一系列球状介孔复合氧化物(ZrO₂)_xAl₂O₃(x=0、 0.18、 0.42、 0.76和1.26),其结构和性能经扫描电子显微镜、低温N₂吸脱附、NH₃吸脱附表征。以(ZrO₂)_xAl₂O₃为载体,制备了铜锌基甲醇催化剂,其结构经X 射线衍射和N₂O化学滴定表征,并考察了催化剂在合成气合成甲醇反应中的催化性能。结果表明：当n(ZrO₂)/n(Al₂O₃)=0.42时,复合氧化物ZA2具有较大的孔径和较弱的表面酸强度,以其作为载体合成的铜锌基甲醇催化剂CZn/ZA2的活性铜比表面积较高。在5 MPa、 250 ℃反应条件下,甲醇的时空收率达到1.44 g·mL^-1·h^-1,活性比传统C307甲醇合成催化剂提高约2.1%。     

Al源种类对微乳液法制备固体超强酸催化剂异构化性能的影响

分别以拟薄水铝石、γ-Al₂O₃、Al₂O₃、Al(NO₃)₃·9H₂O为Al源,通过微乳液法制备了一系列Pt-S₂₈O^2-/ZrO₂-Al₂O₃催化剂,并利用XRD、FT-IR、BET、H₂-TPR等手段对其进行了表征,考察了Al源种类对Pt-S₂₈O^2-/ZrO₂-Al₂O₃固体超强酸催化剂结构和酸性的影响,并以正戊烷异构化反应为探针,考察了Al源种类对催化剂异构化性能的影响。结果表明,不同Al源制备的催化剂均能够稳定ZrO₂四方晶相,增大催化剂的比表面积;除以拟薄水铝石为Al源制备的催化剂外,其他催化剂的氧化还原性能均有所提高。以Al(NO₃)₃·9H₂O为Al源制备的催化剂具有最大的比表面积和更多的超强酸,表现出最佳的异构化性能,在反应压力2.0 MPa、氢烃物质的量比4∶1、质量空速(WHSV)1.0 h^-1、反应温度220 ℃条件下,异戊烷产率达到59.5%。     

稀土冠醚类络合物的研究(Ⅲ)——硝酸钪与邻苯二酮-17-冠-5及邻苯二酮-14-冠-4固态络合物的合成与性质

制得硝酸钪与两种冠醚的固态络合物,确定其组成为Sc(NO₃)₃·C₁₆H₂₀O₇·H₂O及Sc(NO₃)₃·C₁₄H₁₆O₆·H₂O。研究了冠醚本身及其钪的相应络合物的合成及有关性质。     

微波水热制备Fe-Zr催化剂及其CO加氢制烯烃性能研究

以ZrO(NO3)2·2H2O和Fe(NO3)3·9H2O为原料,采用微波水热法制备了不同Fe2O3/ZrO2物质的量比的Fe-Zr催化剂,并经K改性,研究了其催化CO加氢一步法合成低碳烯烃性能。采用XRD、SEM、TEM和N2吸附-脱附等手段对其物相、形貌和比表面积等进行了表征。结果表明,与共沉淀法相比,微波水热制备的Fe-Zr催化剂颗粒粒径均一,具有相对较小的比表面积和较大的孔径;在CO加氢反应中,Zr助剂的添加显著改善了产物分布,Fe、Zr间适宜的相互作用和相对较大的孔径,有利于抑制CH4的生成,提高烯烃选择性。随着Fe2O3/ZrO2物质的量比的降低,Fe、Zr间相互作用逐渐增强,烯烃选择性和收率先增加后降低。当Fe2O3/ZrO2物质的量比为75∶25时,在340℃、1.5 MPa、1 000 h-1和H2/CO物质的量比为2的条件下,烯烷比(O/P)达4.86,总烯烃收率达62.57 g/m3。     

CoMo/ZrO2-Al2O3催化剂的制备及其加氢脱氧性能

以ZrOCl₂·6H₂O和Al₂(SO₄)₃为原料,采用超声波共沉淀法制得一系列不同ZrO₂质量分数的ZrO₂- Al₂O₃复合氧化物载体;并以该复合氧化物为载体,采用等体积浸渍法制得Co和Mo质量分数分别为6.0%和16.0%的CoMo/ZrO₂-Al₂O₃催化剂。BET、XRD、H₂-TPR和NH₃-TPD等表征结果表明,ZrO₂-Al₂O₃复合氧化物载体具有较高的比表面积与较大的孔容、孔径,随着复合载体中ZrO₂质量分数的增加,复合载体比表面积逐渐减小。ZrO₂-Al₂O₃复合载体能高度分散活性组分,钴钼负载量接近其在载体上的单层分散阈值。相比于CoMo/Al₂O₃,CoMo/ZrO₂-Al₂O₃催化剂具有较高的还原性能和较多的表面酸性活性中心,由此导致其在苯酚加氢脱氧(HDO)反应中,具有较高的加氢脱氧活性和苯选择性。
     

喷雾热解制备稀土超细粉末(Ⅰ)——氧化钇粒子形态与形成机理

对Y(NO₃)₃·6H₂O的差热和热重分析表明,Y(NO₃)₃·6H₂O经脱水和热分解在580C以上完全分解为Y₂O₃.在此基础上,以Y(NO₃)₃·6H₂O为前驱体,采用喷雾热解过程制备出粒度为0.50～1.50μm的立方相球形Y₂O₃粉末.通过对产物粒子粒度的理论计算与实验结果的比较,推测Y₂O₃粒子形成机理符合液滴-粒子转变机理(One-Droplet-One-Particlemechanism).本喷雾热解过程同样适用于其它稀土超细粉末的制备,粒子粒度可以通过调节液滴尺寸和溶液浓度等操作条件进行控制.     

预处理Fe基催化剂CO加氢合成低碳烯烃选择性影响研究

研究了Fe₂O₃在CO和H₂气氛下预处理对催化剂物相、表面组成和性质的影响及CO加氢合成低碳烯烃反应行为。结果表明,300℃ H₂预处理后催化剂主要物相结构为Fe₃O₄和α-Fe,250℃ CO预处理后主要物相为Fe₃O₄,随着CO预处理温度的升高,有碳化铁生成。表面碳化物含量随着CO预处理温度的升高而增加。CO较H₂预处理表面碱性增强,CO₂和CO吸附显著增加,随着预处理时间的延长,表面积炭降低了CO₂和CO吸附。经CO预处理的催化剂具有较高的烯烃选择性,H₂预处理的催化剂烯烃选择性相对较低。     

稀土冠醚类配合物的研究(Ⅺ)——硝酸钪、钇与二苯并-24-冠-8的固态配合物的合成及性质

以无水乙腈为反应介质,合成了硝酸钪及硝酸钇与DB24C8的固态配合物,确定其组成为Sc(NO₃)₃·DB24C8·2H₂O和[Y(NO₃)₃]₄·(DB24C8)₃·8H₂O,并对冠醚及其配合物的某些性质进行了对比研究。     

六水合硝酸镁增塑改性淀粉-聚乙烯醇复合膜的合成与性能

以六水合硝酸镁[Mg(NO₃)₂·6H₂O]为增塑剂, 采用流延法制备了增塑改性的淀粉-聚乙烯醇(PVA)复合膜, 并研究了改性后淀粉-PVA复合膜的性能. 研究结果表明, Mg(NO₃)₂·6H₂O与淀粉和PVA发生一定的相互作用, 破坏了淀粉和PVA中的结晶结构. 因此, Mg(NO₃)₂·6H₂O的加入可提高淀粉与PVA间的相容性, 改变了淀粉-PVA复合膜的力学性能, 使其拉伸强度下降, 断裂伸长率提高.     

Efficient regeneration of aldehydes from their corresponding 1,3-oxathiolanes in the absence of solvent

A mild and efficient method for the oxidative deprotection of 1,3-oxathiolanes with Fe（NO₃）₃·9H₂O and Cu（NO₃）₂·3H₂O in the absence of solvent is reported.     

铈源对甲醇水蒸气重整制氢CuO/CeO2催化剂的影响

采用沉淀法合成了CeO_2载体,再经浸渍法负载活性组分得到CuO/CeO_2催化材料,探究了铈源(Ce(NO_3)_3·6H_2O、Ce Cl_3·6H_2O、Ce(NH_4)_2(NO_3)_6、Ce(SO_4)_2·4H_2O)对CuO/CeO_2催化性能的影响。通过采用XRD、SEM、N_2O滴定、BET和H_2-TPR等表征手段对催化材料的结构和性质研究发现,四种铈源合成的CuO/CeO_2催化材料在Cu比表面积、还原性能以及活性组分和载体间的相互作用方面存在着明显差别。其中,由Ce(NO_3)_3·6H_2O合成的CuO/CeO_2催化材料的Cu比表面积较大,CuO还原温度较低,CeO_2载体与CuO之间相互作用较强,在甲醇水蒸气重整反应过程中,表现出较佳的催化活性,在反应温度为553 K,水醇比n(H_2O)/n(MeOH)为1.2,甲醇水蒸气气体空速(GHSV)为1760 h~(-1)时,甲醇的转化率为100%,重整气中CO摩尔含量为0.84%。     

Gold and Silver Nanoparticles Supported on Metal-organic Frameworks: a Highly Active Catalyst for Three-component Coupling Reaction

Engineering metal-organic frameworks(MOF) for heterogeneous catalysts have been of extreme interest since they have large pore size within the crystalline framework and well defined pore architecture. Ni-containing MOF Ni₂(3,5-Pydc)₂(H₂O)₈·2H₂O(1·H₂O) was prepared by solvothermal method from 3,5-pyridinedicarboxylic acid, D-camphoric acid and Ni(NO₃)₂·6H₂O in dimethylformamide(DMF)/water(volume ratio 2:1). And two gold and silver functionalized 1·H₂O catalysts were prepared by impregnation method. Catalysts 2.53%Au/MOF and 4.23%Ag/MOF were in-depth characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction, powder X-ray diffraction(PXRD), thermogravimetric analysis(TGA), transmission electron microscopy(TEM), and inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy(ICP-AES). Their catalytic performance was examined in one-pot synthesis of structurally divergent propargylamines via three component coupling of aldehyde, alkyne, and amine(A³) in 1,4-dioxane. The results show that the catalysts all displayed high reactivities, and a selectivity of 100% for propargylamines. Catalysts 2.53%Au/MOF and 4.23%Ag/MOF have proved to be applicable to a wide range of substrates. Catalysts 2.53%Au/MOF and 4.23%Ag/MOF can be easily recycled and used repetitively at least 3 times with a slight drop in activity. These features render the catalysts particularly attractive in the practice of propargylamines synthesis in an environmentally friendly manner.     

One Dimensional Iron Molybdophosphate Anionic Chains with Different Structural Arrangements Reflecting a Flexibility Character

Structural comparison of a new compound[(bpp)₃H₆]Fe₂^IIIFe₂^IIMo₂₄^V(H₂PO₄)₈(HPO₄)₄(PO₄)₄O₄₈(OH)₁₂· (H₂O)₄·2H₂O(1)[bpp=1,3-di(4-pyridyl)propane] with our previously reported two compounds[(bpy)₃Fe^II]₃· Fe₂^IIIFe₂^IIMo₂₄^V(H₂PO₄)₈(HPO₄)₄(PO₄)₄O₄₈(OH)₁₂(H₂O)₄·12H₂O(2) and[(bpy)₃Fe^II]₂Fe^IIFe^IIIMo₁₂^V(H₂PO₄)₂(H_2-xPO₄)·(H_1+xPO₄)(HPO₄)₂(PO₄)₂O₂₄(OH)₆(H₂O)₂·9H₂O(x=0―1)(3)(bpy=2,2'-bipyridine), which all exhibit one-dimensional mixed-valence iron molybdophosphate anionic chains constructed by alternating connection of Fe^III ions and magic[Fe^II(Mo₆P₄O₃₁)₂] units, reveals that the non-hydrogen atomic ratios of Mo:Fe:P:O within the polymeric anionic chains are the same for all the three compounds, while the polymeric anionic chains of the different compounds bear different numbers of negative charges. And therefore there exist different numbers of counter cations per {Fe₂^III[Fe₂^II(P₁₆Mo₂₄^VO₁₂₄)]} unit found in the titled compounds. It discloses that not only are the spatial assembling of counter cations and polymeric inorganic chains of three compounds quite different, but also the O―Fe^III―O bond angles and Fe^III―O bond lengths of the three different inorganic chains exhibit small differences. What is more important is that such small changes in bond length and bond angle in the assemblage of Fe^III―O bonds lead to the considerable fluctuations of inorganic chains in their structural conformation within the three compounds, reflecting an interesting phenomenon of “flexibility" in the pure inorganic one dimensional mixed-valence iron molybdophosphate chains.     

Ru-Ni/Al2O3催化马来酸二甲酯加氢性能研究

以Al₂O₃为载体,RuCl₃·xH₂O及Ni（NO₃）₂·6H₂O为活性组分前驱体,采用吸附-沉淀法制备系列Ru-Ni/Al₂O₃催化剂,以马来酸二甲酯（DMS）催化加氢为探针反应,考察了活化条件和Ni的添加量对催化剂性能的影响。随Ni负载量的升高,Ru-Ni/Al₂O₃催化剂活性呈现先升高后降低的趋势,在Ni：Ru的原子比为6：1时（催化剂Ru₁Ni₆/Al）催化活性最高。催化剂Ru₁Ni₆/Al在氢气中200 ℃直接还原后的平均转化率与氢气中400 ℃还原后的平均转化率接近,达到了单组分Ru/Al催化剂的1.5倍以上。XPS、XRD、H₂-TPR数据表明,Ru与Ni之间发生了较强的相互作用,Ni的加入促进了金属Ru在载体上的分散,提高了催化活性。     

铝源对Ni/Al2 O3催化剂结构及其CO2-CH4重整性能的影响

以三种不同铝源采用溶液燃烧法制备了系列Ni/Al_2O_3催化剂,通过XRD、H_2-TPR、NH_3-TPD、N_2吸附-脱附、TGDTG和TPH等分析方法对反应前后催化剂进行了表征,研究了铝源对Ni/Al_2O_3催化剂结构、表面性质及其CO_2-CH_4重整性能的影响。结果表明,以Al(NO_3)_3·9H_2O为铝源制备的NiNO-AlNO催化剂比表面积较大,达102 m~2/g;高温还原峰面积大,峰型更为弥散;且载体Al_2_O_3具有一定的结晶性。而以Al_2(SO_4)_3·18H_2O和AlCl_3·6H_2O为铝源制备的NiNO-AlSO和NiNO-AlCl催化剂,其载体以无定型Al_2O_3存在,活性组分Ni晶粒粒径大、分散性差,还原峰面积较小,与载体的相互作用较弱。其中,由于硫酸铝较为稳定,需要在更高温度下才能转化为Al_2O_3,且所制备NiNO-AlSO催化剂中残留有含硫物质,使得其表面酸性较强。评价结果显示,NiNO-AlNO催化剂活性较高,稳定性好,CH4转化率为31.21%,CO_2转化率为48.97%。积炭分析结果发现,NiNO-AlNO催化剂表面积炭量最少,沉积炭主要以无定型态存在,具有良好的抗积炭性能。     

Design and synthesis of hybrid solids based on the tetravanadate core toward improved catalytic properties

Five inorganic–organic hybrid vanadates based on tetravanadate cores, transition metals and N-donor ligands have been designed and synthesized under hydrothermal conditions, namely, [Zn(eIM)_3]_2V_4O_(12)(1), [Zn(pIM)_3]_2V_4O_(12)H_2O(2), [Zn(ipIM)_3]_2V_4O_(12)(3), [Co(e IM)_3]_2V_4O_(12)H_2O(4), [Cu(eIM)_2(H+2O)]_2V_4O_(12)(_5)(eIM = 1-ethylimidazole, p IM = 1-propylimidazole, ip IM = isopropylimidazole). All compounds were fully characterized by single-crystal XRD, powder XRD, elemental analysis, TGA, and FT-IR spectroscopy.The hybrid zinc vanadates(1–3) and cobalt vanadate(4) exhibit interesting 2D folded structures and the hybrid copper vanadate(5) presents a 1D chain configuration. All compounds can catalyze olefin epoxidation reactions when using TBHP(TBHP = tert-butyl hydroperoxide) as an oxidant in acetonitrile.The introduction of transition metal ions into tetravanadate cores not only improved the catalytic activity but also fulfilled the heterogeneous catalytic behavior. 1–5 all exhibit extraordinary efficiency in converting olefins to the corresponding epoxides with high conversion and selectivity(particularly,conv. up to 97.1%, sele. up to 100% for 1). Leaching test was also carried out to prove the heterogeneous behavior.