GFRP复合三明治板在高速弹体冲击下的弹道极限预测（英文）

研究了玻璃纤维复合三明治板在圆柱形平头弹体打击下的预测弹道极限的理论预测方法。建立了玻璃纤维复合三明治板的三阶段侵彻模型,包括侵彻面板阶段、侵彻复合材料夹芯层阶段和侵彻内板阶段。基于高速弹体侵彻下靶板的局部变形假设建立了理论关系,将弹体侵彻复合材料夹心层时视为刚体处理,面板和背板的侵彻阶段考虑了弹体的墩粗效应和靶板的绝热剪切效应。基于能量平衡原理,推导了复合材料三明治板的弹道极限,并将理论计算结果与实验结果进行对比和分析,研究了不同侵彻速度、弹体质量和夹心层厚度对弹道极限的影响。结果表明,理论计算结果与实验结果具有较好的一致性。     

圆柱形通道结构橡胶声障板

本文介绍了具有圆柱通道的橡胶水声反声障板的机理，通过静态近似得到此种橡胶声学参数的计算公式，测试了相关材料的动态力学性能，并对障板的声学特性进行了理论计算和分析，给出了不同频率下的反声性能随材料损耗因子、剪切模量及厚度的变化规律，并对模型进行了试验验证。     

锥头弹丸撞击下固支金属厚靶的侵彻与穿透的理论研究(英文)

研究了在不同速度的刚性锥头弹丸撞击下固支金属厚靶的侵彻和穿透性能。假定靶板的变形是局部化的,且冲击能量仅通过侵彻过程吸收,同时假定弹体在侵彻过程中表面所受靶体的平均压力是由基于空穴膨胀理论的靶体材料弹塑性变形所引起的静态阻力以及速度效应引起的动阻力两部分组成,认为侵彻过程中靶体对弹体的静阻力要进行自由表面效应修正,而且动阻力是瞬时侵彻速度的函数。获得了锥头弹丸在侵彻和贯穿过程中的弹道极限速度和残余速度的公式。将理论预测与实验结果进行比较,发现两者符合得很好。     

掠过流作用下穿孔板的声阻抗

应用三维时域数值方法研究掠过流对穿孔板声阻抗的影响。建立了掠过流作用下穿孔板声阻抗计算的计算流体动力学(CFD)模型,通过时域计算得到掠过流作用下穿孔板的声阻抗,分析结构参数和掠过流马赫数对穿孔板声阻抗的影响。根据计算结果拟合掠过流作用下穿孔板声阻抗的近似表达式,利用获得的穿孔声阻抗新公式预测穿孔管消声器的传递损失,数值预测和实验结果吻合良好。计算结果表明,掠过流对穿孔板的声阻抗和穿孔管消声器的消声性能有明显影响。     

微透镜阵列的铸塑复制技术

在光刻热熔成型以及电铸复制得到的微透镜阵列镍板基础上,采用静态铸塑技术,得到了高质量的PMMA微透镜阵列。本文介绍了静态铸塑的聚合反应理论基础、模具设计以及工艺过程。最后对微透镜阵列的复制精度进行分析,结果表明复制精度优于0.5μm.     

两相自然循环系统静态流量漂移及其实验验证

本文基于均相模型,运用非线性分岔理论,计算预测了两相自然循环系统静态分岔(流量漂移)解图。定义了对应系统静态分岔点的理论最大输热能力限,讨论了实际流量漂移发生点。同时分析了系统的迟滞效应及系统压力、入口阻力等对分岔解图的影响。首次用针对性实验验证了两相自然循环静态分岔及其迟滞现象;对有关参数效应亦进行了实验验证研究。     

双层弹性支撑板的水下宽带隔声

为实现水下宽带隔声,提出了一种由弹性元件支撑两块刚性端板构成的双层弹性支撑板结构。采用弹簧振子振动分析法和声传播理论,建立了平面波入射的水下隔声理论模型,分析了结构参数对隔声量的影响规律,结果表明足够小的弹性元件单位面积弹性系数或足够大的端板单位面积质量都可以连续一致地提高隔声量.仿真分析了双层弹性支撑板的振动位移和声输入阻抗,比较了双层弹性支撑板与连续介质层的隔声特性,结果表明,降低弹性元件质量,有助于在低频段消除半波全透射现象.在同厚度、同质量、同静态压缩率条件下,双层弹性支撑板能更好的降低两侧流体的振动及声耦合,隔声频带更宽,带内一致性更好,隔声量更大.      

厚金属靶在弹丸打击下的侵彻与穿透

 给出了预测厚金属靶在不同形状弹头弹丸大速度范围内打击下侵彻与穿透的简单分析方程。在方程的建立过程中，假定变形是局部化的、冲击能量仅由侵彻过程吸收，并进一步假定靶材料对弹丸的平均阻（压）力由两部分组成：一部分基于空穴膨胀理论由于靶材料弹-塑性变形所产生的准静态凝聚阻力；另一部分是考虑了速度效应后的动压力。推导出了预测靶侵彻深度和弹道极限的方程表达式，并与金属靶在不同形状弹头弹丸大速度范围内打击下侵彻与穿透的实验进行了比较。理论预测与实验结果吻合得很好。     

微穿孔板几何参数估算及其对吸声性能的影响

不规则孔微穿孔板几何参数无法直接获知,造成吸声性能计算困难,故提出一种微穿孔板几何参数估算方法。将不规则孔等效处理为圆孔,利用马氏理论关于圆孔微穿孔板的基本理论,建立了微穿孔板几何参数估算模型;将参数估算结果用于吸声性能预测,理论计算与实验结果吻合。根据微穿孔板几何参数对高吸声性能区域的影响,探讨了马氏理论适用极限与微穿孔板几何参数的关系,以及微穿孔板受粉尘污染后吸声性能演变规律。将微穿孔板参数点取在面积较大的高吸声性能区域中间部位,可获得较大的马氏理论适用极限;微穿孔板参数点位于高吸声性能区域右上部位时,一定程度的粉尘污染不会降低吸声性能.      

固支方板对水中爆炸作用的动态响应研究

 分析研究了在装药水中爆炸产生的强冲击载荷作用下固支方板的塑性动力响应过程。通过对水中爆炸理论和板的大变形理论分析，应用能量原理和Lagrangian函数，推导出反映固支方板在冲击载荷作用下变形的最终挠度的解析解。水中爆炸对固边方板破坏的实验在自制的水箱中进行。对不同的装药重量和炸距情况下方板的变形情况进行了理论计算，并对实验结果和误差来源进行了分析。实验结果和理论结果具有较好的一致性。     

Investigation of area mobility of a finite thin plate subject to a uniform velocity excitation

Methods for theoretically calculating area mobility of a finite thin plate are derived for a typical excitation pattern,uniform velocity excitation,over a contact area.In the derivation,the contact area is discretised into sub-regions and the excitation and response continuously distributed over these sub-regions are simplified as acting at the centers of the sub-regions.Therefore,according to the concept of effective point mobility,the theoretical formula for area mobility of a finite thin plate subject to a uniform velocity excitation is obtained.According to the relation between complex power and area mobility,the measurement method of a finite plate is also obtained by means of transfer point mobility.When comparing results generated by theoretical calculation to patterns measured in experiment,consistent patterns are found,suggesting that the proposed methods are practical.The results of calculation show that the accuracy of theoretical calculation increases with the number of sub-regions and is influenced by the moment caused by the experiment device,especially when the excitation frequency is high.     

受均布速度作用的有限板面导纳研究

针对接触面积上典型的激励形式,均布速度激励,推导有限薄板上面导纳的理论计算方法。在推导过程中,将接触面积离散为较小的子面积,连续分布的激励和响应简化为作用在子面积中心的激励和响应,再利用有效点导纳的定义,获得有限薄板受均布速度激励的面导纳的理论计算公式;根据接触面积上复功率与面导纳的关系,推导出由传递点导纳获得有限板面导纳的测量方法。通过比较理论计算结果和实验测量结果,证明两种方法可行。对计算结果进行的分析还表明,子面积数的增加可以提高理论计算的精度,而测量精度在激励频率较高时受测量装置产生的弯矩影响较大。      

正交加筋板声透射的板梁理论模型研究

为了研究正交加筋板的声透射问题,基于经典薄板和梁振动理论,建立了正交加筋板声透射的板梁理论模型。首先通过分析加强筋的受迫弯曲和扭转运动,求得了平板和加强筋线接触之间的反力和反力矩,然后将其引入到平板振动控制方程中,得到了正交加筋板声振方程,最后采用空间谐波展开法求解该方程得到了传声损失的表达式;在此基础上,首先研究了无限大平板和单向加筋的隔声性能,通过与解析解及两种简化模型的计算结果作对比,验证了所建理论模型的有效性;并进一步研究了加筋形式对正交加筋板隔声性能的影响。结果表明:选择合适的加筋形式可以有效避开结构的隔声波谷。      

极紫外波段微通道板光电子产出理论分析与实验测量

基于微通道板的光子计数探测器在天文方面得到广泛的应用。该文针对微通道板在极紫外波段的光电子产出进行深入研究,给出了材料光电子产出的理论模型,利用导出的光电子产出公式分析了影响微通道板电极和铅玻璃两种材料光电子产出的因素。理论分析结果表明:材料厚度大于20nm及入射角大于掠入射的临界角是获得较高光电子产出的最佳条件,除去几个特殊波长,两种材料的光电子产出在极紫外波段随波长的增加而减小。利用激光等离子光源量子效率测量装置测量了微通道板光电子产出的波长响应特性,实验结果与理论计算结果基本一致。     

Finite element modeling of heating phenomena of cracks excited by high-intensity ultrasonic pulses

A three-dimensional thermo-mechanical coupled finite element model is built up to simulate the phenomena of dynamical contact and frictional heating of crack faces when the plate containing the crack is excited by high-intensity ultrasonic pulses.In the finite element model,the high-power ultrasonic transducer is modeled by using a piezoelectric thermal-analogy method,and the dynamical interaction between both crack faces is modeled using a contact-impact theory.In the simulations,the frictional heating taking place at the crack faces is quantitatively calculated by using finite element thermal-structural coupling analysis,especially,the influences of acoustic chaos to plate vibration and crack heating are calculated and analysed in detail.Meanwhile,the related ultrasonic infrared images are also obtained experimentally,and the theoretical simulation results are in agreement with that of the experiments.The results show that,by using the theoretical method,a good simulation of dynamic interaction and friction heating process of the crack faces under non-chaotic or chaotic sound excitation can be obtained.     

Equivalent circuits and directivity patterns of air-coupled ultrasonic transducers

Air-coupled transducers for producing ultrasonic radiation in gases are studied. The transducer consists of a circular thin plate in flexural vibration and a sandwich longitudinal electromechanical vibrator that is attached to the center of the plate. The lowest-order axially symmetric flexural vibrational mode of a circular thin plate is analyzed. The equivalent circuits of the circular plate in flexural vibration and the compound transducer are presented and the frequency equation is derived. The radiated ultrasonic field of the circular thin plate in flexural vibration is calculated and the directivity pattern is obtained theoretically. Some transducers of this type are designed according to the frequency equation, and their resonance frequencies are measured. The measured resonance frequencies are in good agreement with the theoretical results, and the calculated radiation ultrasonic field is also in good agreement with the measured results of a previous work.     

软X射线聚焦波带片相对衍射特性的实验研究

通过测量软X射线相位型和振幅型聚焦波带片的一级衍射强度,实验得到了自行研制的两种相位型软X射线聚焦波带片的相对衍射特性。测量实验装置简单,调节相对容易。选择合适的针孔大小可使得接收信号有足够的信噪比。对波带片聚酰亚胺衬底的厚度进行了归一化。分别将3个镍和锗波带片的一级衍射强度与金波带片进行了比较。在3.2nm工作波长,研制的镍、锗软X射线相位型波带片的平均一级衍射效率分别是软X射线振幅型金波带片一级衍射效率的1.60和1.26倍,与理论值1.77和1.34很接近。测试结果表明,我们制作的相位型波带片具有较高精度。     

Low-frequency magnetic energy harvest using multiferroic composite plates

It is shown with a theoretical bending model that a laminated plate with piezoelectric and piezomagnetic layers can be used to harvest magnetic energy at relatively low frequencies. The output electric power and the energy conversion efficiency are calculated. The load dependence of the magnetoelectric coupling coefficient is obtained.     

Natural frequencies and mode shapes of flexural vibration of plates: laser-interferometry detection and solutions by Ritz's method

This paper presents an experimental and theoretical study of flexural symmetric vibration modes of a linear elastic plate. A laser interferometer is used as detector of the free vibration of a rectangular parallelepiped-shaped aluminium plate. The vibration spectrum gives the lowest natural frequencies of the sample. Assumption that the vibration of the plates may be described by some approximate theories is proven to be inconsistent. The Ritz method, with products of powers of the co-ordinates as basis functions, is applied to obtain the lowest flexural natural frequencies. Three-dimensional solutions are obtained, unlike those provided by simpler theories. The experimental results are compared with the numerical predictions and a good agreement is obtained. Finally, forced motion is applied to the centre of the plate and the out-of-plane and in-plane displacement components for the first symmetric mode are measured. A good fit of the calculated values to the experimental values is found.     

测量石英晶体光轴方向厚度的光谱分析法

基于石英晶体的旋光色散原理,提出了一种测量石英晶体光轴方向厚度的光谱分析方法。利用光学矩阵方法对测量原理进行了分析,指出通过测量由两个正交的偏光镜和待测石英晶体所组成的系统的透射曲线就可以精确计算出待测石英晶体的厚度。在实验的过程中进行了误差分析,分析表明选取长的测量波段、低的扫描速度、短的响应时间和小的狭缝宽度都有利于提高测量精度,并从理论上证明所得厚度的精度高于电子数显千分尺的测量精度。利用三种不同的方法对两块不同厚度的石英晶体进行了测量,测量结果表明利用提出的方法所得厚度的精度可以达到0.1μm,与理论分析的结果相一致。