Hyperreflexivity of bilattices

The notion of a bilattice was introduced by Shulman. A bilattice is a subspace analogue for a lattice. In this work the definition of hyperreflexivity for bilattices is given and studied. We give some general results concerning this notion. To a given lattice L we can construct the bilattice \(\sum {_L} \). Similarly, having a bilattice Σ we may consider the lattice \(\mathcal{L}_\Sigma \). In this paper we study the relationship between hyperreflexivity of subspace lattices and of their associated bilattices. Some examples of hyperreflexive or not hyperreflexive bilattices are given.     

A duality theory for bilattices

Recent studies of the algebraic properties of bilattices have provided insight into their internal strucutres, and have led to practical results, especially in reducing the computational complexity of bilattice-based multi-valued logic programs. In this paper the representation theorem for interlaced bilattices without negation found in [19] and extended to arbitrary interlaced bilattices without negation in [2] is presented. A natural equivalence is then established between the category of interlaced bilattices and the cartesian square of the category of bounded lattices. As a consequence a dual natural equivalence is obtained between the category of distributive bilattices and the coproduct of the category of bounded Priestley spaces with itself. Some applications of these equivalences are given. The subdirectly irreducible interlaced bilattices are characterized in terms of subdirectly irreducible lattices. A known characterization of the join-irreducible elements of the "knowledge" lattice of an interlaced bilattice is used to establish a natural equivalence between the category of finite, distributive bilattices and the category of posets of the form . Received February 2, 1998; accepted in final form September 2, 1999.     

Non-Operator Reflexive Subspace Lattices

In [2] various types of closedness of subspace lattices were studied. In particular, the authors defined operator reflexivity which can be regarded as a one-point closedness of the lattice. They asked if all subspace lattices are operator reflexive. In this work we give an example that the answer is negative. The second author was supported by grant no. 201/06/0128 of GA CR.     

A Note on Reflexivity

We prove some new results on Hadwin's general version of reflexivity that reduce the study of E-reflexivity (or E-hyperreflexivity) of a linear subspace to a smaller linear subspace. By applying our abstract results, we present a simple proof of D. Hadwin's theorem, which states that every C^∗-algebra is approximately hyperreflexive. We also prove that the image of any C^∗-algebra under any bounded unital homomorphism into the operators on a Banach space is approximately reflexive. We introduce a new version of reflexivity, called approximate algebraic reflexivity, and study its properties.     

Trattazione rapida dei problemi al contorno relativi alle equazioni differenziali lineari a derivate parziali

Let Σ andS be two real Hilbert spaces and Σ₀ a subspace of Σ. Moreover, supposeT:S→Σ be a bounded linear operator whose rangeT (S) is contained in Σ₀, andE:S→Σ be a linear operator such that the productE T:S→S is a bounded operator with a closed range. In this framework we present an artifice from which the alternative theorem for the equationE u=q(u?Σ₀,q ?S) follows. It is worthwhile to note thatEu=q may represent a boundary value problem for elliptic equations.     

On Hamiltonian stationary Lagrangian spheres in non-Einstein K?hler surfaces

Hamiltonian stationary Lagrangian spheres in K?hler-Einstein surfaces are minimal. We prove that in the family of non-Einstein K?hler surfaces given by the product Σ₁?×?Σ₂ of two complete orientable Riemannian surfaces of different constant Gauss curvatures, there is only a (non minimal) Hamiltonian stationary Lagrangian sphere. This example, defined when the surfaces Σ₁ and Σ₂ are spheres, is unstable.     

Best simultaneous approximation in L∞(μ, X)

Let Y be a reflexive subspace of the Banach space X, let (Ω, Σ, μ) be a finite measure space, and let L_∞(μ, X) be the Banach space of all essentially bounded μ ‐Bochner integrable functions on Ω with values in X, endowed with its usual norm. Let us suppose that Σ₀ is a sub‐σ ‐algebra of Σ, and let μ₀ be the restriction of μ to Σ₀. Given a natural number n, let N be a monotonous norm in ?ⁿ . We prove that L_∞(μ, Y) is N ‐simultaneously proximinal in L_∞(μ,X), and that if X is reflexive then L_∞(μ₀, X) is N ‐simultaneously proximinal in L_∞(μ, X) in the sense of Fathi, Hussein, and Khalil [3]. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

自反算子代数的模和交换子以及一阶上同调空间

设L是赋范线性空间上的子空间格,一个子空间是自反AlgL-模的充分必要条件被得到,当L是完全分配子空间格时,自反AlgL-模的二次交换子被描述,进而,本文引入V-生成子稠格,这是一种严格地包含了完全分配格和五角格的格类。当L是可换的V-生成子稠格时,模模交换子C(AlgL;M)和代数AlgLatM都被分解成直和,并且满足条件H~1(AlgL,B(H))=0的一阶上同调空间H~1(AlgL,M)被刻划。     

Ranges of bimodule projections and reflexivity

We develop a general framework for reflexivity in dual Banach spaces, motivated by the question of when the weak^? closed linear span of two reflexive masa-bimodules is automatically reflexive. We establish an affirmative answer to this question in a number of cases by examining two new classes of masa-bimodules, defined in terms of ranges of masa-bimodule projections. We give a number of corollaries of our results concerning operator and spectral synthesis, and show that the classes of masa-bimodules we study are operator synthetic if and only if they are strong operator Ditkin.     

Rank-one operators in reflexive one-sided<Emphasis Type="Italic">A</Emphasis>-submodules

In this paper, we first characterize reflexive one-sided A-submodulesU of a unital operator algebraA inB(H) completely. Furthermore we investigate the invariant subspace lattice LatR and the reflexive hull RefR, whereR is the submodule generated by rank-one operators inU; in particular, ifL is a subspace lattice, we obtain when the rank-one algebraR of AlgL is big enough to determined AlgL in the following senses: AlgL = Alg LatR and AlgL = RefR.     

Réflexivité d’une extension d’un opérateur normal par un opérateur nilpotent

Let T be an extension of a one to one normal operator A by a nilpotent operator N. In this paper we calculate the defect of reflexivity of T. We give a necessary and sufficient condition to insure the reflexivity of such extensions. In particular, it is shown that T is reflexive when N is reflexive.     

Yet on linear structures of norm-attaining functionals on Asplund spaces

In this paper, we show that if an Asplund space X is either a Banach lattice or a quotient space of C(K), then it can be equivalently renormed so that the set of norm-attaining functionals contains an infinite dimensional closed subspace of X^* if and only if X^* contains an infinite dimensional reflexive subspace, which gives a partial answer to a question of Bandyopadhyay and Godefroy.     

Strong Reflexivity of Abelian Groups

A reflexive topological group G is called strongly reflexive if each closed subgroup and each Hausdorff quotient of the group G and of its dual group is reflexive. In this paper we establish an adequate concept of strong reflexivity for convergence groups. We prove that complete metrizable nuclear groups and products of countably many locally compact topological groups are BB-strongly reflexive.     

A local duality principle for the Baire classes of functions

A local dual of a Banach space X is a closed subspace of X^∗ that satisfies the properties that the principle of local reflexivity assigns to X as a subspace of X∗∗. We show that, for every ordinal 1?α?ω₁, the spaces Bα[0,1] of bounded Baire functions of class α are local dual spaces of the space M[0,1] of all Borel measures. As a consequence, we derive that each annihilator Bα^⊥[0,1] is the kernel of a norm-one projection.     

Reflexive algebras with finite width lattices: Tensor products,cohomology, compact perturbations

Reflexive algebras play a central role in the study of general operator algebras. For a reflexive algebra the associated invariant subspace lattice has structural importance analogous to that of the algebraic commutant in the study of ¹-algebras. Tomita's tensor product commutation theorem can be restated in the form Alg($\text{L}$₁ ? $\text{L}$₂) = Alg $\text{L}$₁ ? Alg $\text{L}$₂, where each $\text{L}$_i is a reflexive ortho-lattice. This same formula is proved (for n-fold tensor products) in the setting when each $\text{L}$_i is a nest. Thus, in particular, a tensor product of nest algebras is again a reflexive algebra. Lance has shown that the Hochschild cohomology of nest algebras vanishes; modifications of his arguments show that cohomology vanishes for arbitrary CSL algebras whose lattices are generated by finitely many independent nests. This appears to be the strongest possible result in this direction. The class of irreducible tridiagonal algebras with finite-width commutative lattices is investigated and it is shown that these algebras have nontrivial first cohomology. Finally, it is shown that if $\text{L}$ is a finite-width commutative subspace lattice and $\text{K}$ is the set of compact operators then the quasitriangular algebra Alg $\text{L}$ + $\text{K}$ is closed in the norm topology. This extends to arbitrary finite-width CSL algebras a result obtained for nest algebras by Fall, Arveson, and Muhly.     

Jordan Derivations of Reflexive Algebras

Let ${\mathcal L}Let L{\mathcal L} be a subspace lattice on a Banach space X and suppose that ú{L ? L: L_- < X}=X{\vee\{L\in\mathcal L: L_- < X\}=X} or ${\land\{L_- : L \in \mathcal L, L>(0)\}=(0)}${\land\{L_- : L \in \mathcal L, L>(0)\}=(0)} . Then each Jordan derivation from AlgL{\mathcal L} into B(X) is a derivation. This result can apply to completely distributive subspace lattice algebras, J{\mathcal J} -subspace lattice algebras and reflexive algebras with the non-trivial largest or smallest invariant subspace.     

Ehrhart Series,Unimodality, and Integrally Closed Reflexive Polytopes

An interesting open problem in Ehrhart theory is to classify those lattice polytopes having a unimodal h*-vector. Although various sufficient conditions have been found, necessary conditions remain a challenge. In this paper, we consider integrally closed reflexive simplices and discuss an operation that preserves reflexivity, integral closure, and unimodality of the h*-vector, providing one explanation for why unimodality occurs in this setting. We also discuss the failure of proving unimodality in this setting using weak Lefschetz elements.     

Réflexivité d'une extension d'un opérateur sous-normal par un opérateur algébrique

A bounded linear operator on a Hilbert space is said to be reflexive if the operators which leave invariant the invariant subspaces of T are wot-limits of polynomials in T. In this paper we give a necessary and sufficient condition for an extension of a subnormal operator by an algebraic one to be reflexive.We also give a formula for the reflexivity defect of such extensions.