气相色谱-质谱联用法测定调味品中苏丹红Ⅰ、Ⅱ色素

应用气相色谱-质谱联用方法的选择离子监测技术(GC-MS-SIM),测定了调味品辣椒粉和腌料中的苏丹红Ⅰ、Ⅱ色素。分别在0.58~18.9 mg.L-1及0.31~19.8 mg.L-1浓度范围内,方法具有良好的线性关系。样品的平均回收率为85.5%~95.4%(直接萃取法)及80.7%~88.1%(氧化铝柱净化法),RSD(n=5)为3.64%~7.14%。样品称量为5.0 g时,苏丹红Ⅰ、Ⅱ的检出限分别为0.005 8,0.007 6 mg.kg-1。     

气相色谱-质谱法测定洗涤用品中6种对羟基苯甲酸酯

提出了测定洗涤用品中6种对羟基苯甲酸酯的气相色谱-质谱法。采用乙酸乙酯对样品进行超声提取,提取液经HP-5MS毛细管色谱柱分离,采用电子轰击离子源-选择离子检测模式检测,外标法定量。6种对羟基苯甲酸酯的质量浓度的线性范围为0.1~10.0mg·L-1,方法检出限(3S/N)在0.1-0.8mg·kg-1之间。婴儿洗涤剂样品中6种对羟基苯甲酸酯的加标回收率在82.1%~107%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)在1.2%~4.1%之间。     

乳酸甲酯脱水体系中丙烯酸甲酯的气相色谱分析

用气相色谱测定了乳酸甲酯脱水体系中丙烯酸甲酯的含量。样品用乙醚稀释,改性聚乙二醇FFAP毛细管柱分离,经FID检测器检测,以丙烯酸乙酯为内标,采用内标标准曲线法定量,丙烯酸甲酯的线性范围为0~53 mg.L-1,相关系数为0.999 4,检出限为0.001 5 mg.L-1(S/N=2),样品的回收率为96.8%~99.0%,相对标准偏差为1.55%~3.12%(n=7)。     

反相高效液相色谱法测定不同产地布渣叶的3种水解黄酮苷元

提出了反相高效液相色谱法同时测定布渣叶的3种水解黄酮苷元槲皮素、山奈酚和异鼠李素的含量。采用Kromasil C18色谱柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm),以甲醇-0.4%(体积分数)磷酸溶液为流动相梯度洗脱,在368 nm波长处,对布渣叶的水解液进行了色谱分离测定。结果表明:槲皮素的质量浓度在1.97~19.7 mg.L-1,山奈酚在2.02~20.2 mg.L-1,异鼠李素在2.11~21.1 mg.L-1时分别与其峰面积呈线性关系。槲皮素、山奈酚和异鼠李素的加标回收率分别为93.0%~99.6%,92.6%~99.8%,92.5%~99.5%,相对标准偏差(n=6)分别为2.48%,2.80%,3.17%。     

自动顶空-气相色谱-质谱法测定血液中乙醇含量

提出了自动顶空-气相色谱-质谱联用检测血液中乙醇含量的方法。取一定量的血样或乙醇标准样品置于顶空瓶中(其中各加固定量的叔丁醇作为内标),在60℃及中速振摇的条件下平衡20 min,通过进样环定量地将一定量样品引入于气相色谱-质谱联用仪器中进行测定。乙醇和叔丁醇的保留时间分别为1.47 min和1.56 min。方法的线性范围为0.01~10.00 g.L-1,检出限(3S/N)为0.6 mg.L-1,测定下限(10S/N)为1.0 mg.L-1。乙醇的回收率在92%~105%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)小于7%。     

凝胶渗透色谱-气相色谱法测定豆瓣酱中6种防腐剂

提出了气相色谱法测定豆瓣酱中山梨酸、苯甲酸、对羟基苯甲酸甲酯、对羟基苯甲酸乙酯、对羟基苯甲酸丙酯、对羟基苯甲酸丁酯共6种防腐剂含量的方法。豆瓣酱样品用乙醚提取,所得提取液须经凝胶色谱净化大分子干扰物质。方法中采用Biobeads S-X3凝胶渗透色谱净化柱和乙酸乙酯-环己烷(1+1)混合溶液作流动相,采用Rxi(-17(0.25 mm×30 m,0.25μm)毛细管柱分离后,用氢火焰离子化检测器检测。6种防腐剂的质量浓度均在10.0~400 mg.L-1范围内与峰面积呈线性关系,方法的检出限(3S/N)在0.56~0.74 mg.kg-1之间。在3个浓度水平下对方法的回收率和精密度进行了试验,测定回收率在91.4%~98.8%之间,相对标准偏差(n=5)在2.9%~5.3%之间。     

小麦粉中过氧化苯甲酰与苯甲酸总量的毛细管气相色谱法测定

报道了测定小麦粉中作为增白剂的过氧化苯甲酰及残留苯甲酸总量的改进方法。小麦粉通过酸性乙醚．石油醚(60～90℃)萃取,其中过氧化苯甲酰同时被还原成苯甲酸,经石英毛细管气相色谱柱DB-WAX分离,氢火焰离子化检测器检测,以外标法定量。方法的相对标准偏差为4．8％～9．1％;线性范围为0．005～0．1g／L(r=0．996);检出限为2．0mg／L;回收率为90．0％～96．5％。将该法应用于小麦粉中过氧化苯甲酰及残留苯甲酸总量的分析,结果令人满意。     

电导抑制-梯度淋洗离子色谱法同时测定啤酒中多种有机酸和阴离子

建立了电导抑制-梯度淋洗离子色谱法测定啤酒中26种有机酸和阴离子的方法,通过对色谱柱、流速、p H值、淋洗液浓度等实验影响因素的研究,探索出了适合26种组分测定的多级梯度淋洗条件。结果表明,当流速为1.00 m L·min-1,p H值在5.3~6.5时,26种组分在0.01~1.00 mg·L-1浓度范围内具有良好的线性关系(0.99)。除了苯甲酸外,25种组分检出限(S/N=3)在0.00008~0.0785 mg·L-1之间;在0.10、0.20、1.00mg·L-1三个添加浓度水平下,回收率为80.47%~113.77%,RSD在0.46%~9.87%范围内。     

毛细管柱气相色谱法测定小麦粉中过氧化苯甲酰

合成了对甲苯磺酸三正丁铵,并以二氯甲烷为溶剂,用静态法涂敷于石英毛细管色谱柱上(30 m×0.53 mm i.d.,液膜厚度为1.2 μm)作为气相色谱的固定相,对柱性能进行了考察.试验表明此色谱固定相极性较强,对于小麦粉中过氧化苯甲酰有独特的分离作用,在3个不同的浓度水平上作方法的精密度试验,得到的相对标准偏差值在1.1%～5.0%之间,线性范围为10～100 mg·L-1(r=0.994),检出限为2.0 mg·kg-1;方法的回收率为90.5% ～95.0%.     

固相萃取-高效液相色谱法测定化妆品中苯甲酸和山梨酸

化妆品样品用甲醇提取使苯甲酸及山梨酸溶于溶剂中,经离心分离,取上层清液,通过反相C18固相萃取小柱纯化。取其流出液经过滤和脱气后,用于高效液相色谱法分析。取20μL进样,在Hypersil C18反相色谱柱(柱温30℃)上进行分离,所用流动相为甲醇与0.02 mol.L-1乙酸铵(15+85)混合溶液,流量为0.8 mL.min-1。采用紫外检测,检测波长为221 nm,测得苯甲酸和山梨酸的检出限(3S/N)分别为0.04,0.08 mg.L-1。用5 mg.L-1的苯甲酸和山梨酸标准溶液作精密度试验,测得两者的相对标准偏差(n=7)分别为2.8%及2.5%,向实际样品中加上述两种酸的标准溶液作回收试验,测得回收率在85.0%~106.7%之间。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.