贯流风机变斜式叶轮和常规直叶轮的对比研究

本文对贯流风机变斜式叶轮和常规直叶轮进行了三维数值模拟和实验研究。结果表明贯流风机内部偏心涡的位置沿轴向具有明显的三维分布特征,两者偏心涡的圆周位置沿轴向不断变化,而直叶轮偏心涡的径向位置沿轴向的分布几乎没有变化。变斜式叶轮中偏心涡的位置更加靠近叶轮内圆周和风机的蜗舌。采用变斜式叶轮可以降低叶片通过频率噪声并改善音质。为验证本计算方法的可靠性,计算的流量和压力特性曲线和实验结果进行了比较,吻合良好。     

贯流风机涡结构与噪声特性的数值研究

本文采用大涡模拟对空调室内机中贯流风机的内流进行了数值计算,结果显示了以偏心涡为代表的复杂非定常流动细节.计算结果表明,贯流风机气流两次进出叶轮,叶片尾缘、蜗舌处出现明显的脱落涡结构.叶轮周围监测点上出现了三个特征频率,分别对应叶片通过频率、叶片脱落涡频率以及蜗舌后缘的脱落涡频率,不同的特征点上表现出不同的频谱特性.另外,通过LEE方程中的声源项分布得到了贯流风机的主要噪声源区域,继而对蜗舌和叶轮等主要音源表面的远场辐射噪声频谱进行了分析,为后续的实验研究提供参考.     

斜蜗舌对贯流风机内流的影响及降噪机制研究

本文提出采用一种新型的不等距蜗舌(这里统称为斜蜗舌)在提高风机的外特性性能的同时,相对降低噪声.通过试验与数值模拟,比较直叶片式,斜叶片式贯流风机分别用直蜗舌和斜蜗舌时内流、外特性及噪声频谱.采用三维Navier-Stokes方程和κ-ε两方程湍流模型对内部流场进行数值分析,发现与采用常规蜗舌的贯流风机不同的是斜蜗舌贯流风机偏心涡位置随着蜗舌间隙的变化而发生改变.本文旨在探讨斜蜗舌对贯流风机内流的影响及降噪的机制.     

贯流风扇偏心涡非定常特性研究

本文应用大涡模拟计算并描述了贯流风扇内部旋涡流动的非定常变化细节.研究结果表明,贯流风扇叶片绕流流态复杂,吸力面存在分离流动,叶片出口形成明显的尾迹区.在蜗舌一侧存在偏心涡,由核心区域和外围区域组成.其中偏心涡的核心区域由两至二三个叶道内气流在内径处分离产生的旋涡团组成,在流动过程中涡量由上游的脱落涡得到补充.偏心涡的外围区域由蜗舌附近回流的旋涡团组成,引起蜗舌表而压力脉动,产生干涉噪声.干涉噪声频谱在低频带上具有较大声压级,最大声压级处的频率和叶轮出口侧叶道的脱落涡频率相关.     

贯流叶轮的旋转模态分析

应用旋转模态理论和CFD方法研究贯流叶轮的离散噪声特性,并分析贯流风机远场噪声主要呈现宽频的原因.设计了三种不同的蜗壳匹配方案,以控制贯流风机内主要的涡结构。通过采用CFD方法计算不同方案中贯流风机内部涡流动结构主要位置,确定出贯流叶轮上下游发生干涉的叶片数。根据模态分析理论,计算了不同蜗壳及蜗舌匹配方案中贯流叶轮的截止率。计算结果表明,由于叶轮内主流速度较低,使得贯流风机的离散噪声不明显。     

贯流风机内动静干扰发声机理的研究

本文通过实验与数值计算方法,探讨了贯流风机内动静干扰的现象及其诱导的噪声特性.文中给出了贯流风机流场的三维大涡数值计算结果,分析了声源场的特性,指出贯流风机流场具有较强的随机性。分别对直叶轮及斜叶轮气动性能及远场噪声进行实验测量,讨论了两种叶轮的优劣性。使用微压传感器对蜗舌出口处边界层压力脉动进行采集,给出了此处边界层辐射噪声源的相关分析.通过对实验结果分析指出声源脉动的宽频特性是被测风机噪声呈现宽频的主要原因。     

贯流风机内部偏心涡演化规律的数值分析

本文采用Navier-Stokes方程和Κ-ε两方程模型对不同负载时家用空调贯流风机内部偏心涡的演化规律进行了数值模拟。研究表明,随着出口外界负载的增加,贯流风机内部偏心涡增大,偏心涡卷吸的区域增强;同时偏心涡的涡核不断向远离蜗舌的方向移动。而在相同的出口背压下,提高或降低贯流风机的转速,偏心涡的涡核位置几乎不发生变化.     

数值模拟不等距叶片对贯流风机的影响

贯流风机的通过频率(BPF)是其重要的噪声频率.降低BPF噪声可以降低基频处的声压级,其中一种方法是采用不等距叶片.本文采用3种叶片距分布形式,采用realizable k-ε两方程和大涡模拟(LES)湍流模型模拟了风机的内流场,计算线性欧拉方程(LEE)中声源项得到声源位置及强度,采用基于Lighthill声类比的FW-H积分方程获得了叶轮和蜗舌处偶极子型的离散噪声频谱.比较了不同叶片距对风机性能,噪声特别是BPF噪声的影响.计算结果表明在对性能影响较小的情况下,不等距叶轮可降低BPF噪声和总A声级噪声.     

使用多孔蜗舌的贯流风机

将贯流风机的蜗舌替代为多孔板与容腔组合的结构,定性地研究其控制气动噪声的可行性。通过对气动特性和辐射声信号的实验测量,结合内部流场的非稳态雷诺平均数值模拟,分析了这种蜗舌改造对贯流风机的整体特性和内部流动特征的影响,结果表明多孔蜗舌对贯流风机的压力-流量曲线作用并不明显,但对风机的噪声有着重要的影响,改变蜗舌迎风面的穿孔率可以有效地控制贯流风机的噪声。     

贯流风机内部旋涡非定常演化的数值模拟

本文采用非定常三维Navier-Stokes方程、κ-ε两方程模型分析了贯流风机内部旋涡产生、发展、耗散、消失的演化过程。数值模拟显示:偏心涡产生于进气侧,随后横穿叶轮内部朝出气侧移动,最后位于出气侧叶片内圆周上。叶轮外圆周脱落的旋涡是不稳定的,它们互相融合,最后被吸入叶轮内部。数值模拟的结果显示偏心涡先于贯流而产生,是由于偏心涡的存在导致了贯流的产生,并非贯流形成了偏心涡。本文证实了ECK的旋涡理论和文献[3]的实验结果。     

空调风机叶道内旋涡流动分析及进气口偏心的影响

本文采用CFD方法,详细分析了空调用多翼离心风机叶道中的气流分布以及进气口偏心的影响。研究表明,风机叶道内存在大范围的气流分离现象。在后盘附近,存在分离现象的叶道约占2/3,主要分布在蜗壳内侧;而在“前盘”附近,几乎所有叶道都存在分离现象。在“前盘”附近,蜗舌下方的叶道中气流几乎停滞,蜗舌下游叶道为回流和尾缘旋涡所充满,至临近蜗壳出口侧,前缘旋涡逐步形成、发展并融合尾缘旋涡,最后衰减、消失。风机进气口向蜗壳内侧偏置适当距离, “前盘”附近叶道旋涡分布范围明显减小。     

尾缘凹陷轴流风轮内流特性分析与降噪研究

为减少空调室外机用低压轴流风轮叶片的颤振,改善音质,降低噪音和电机功率。本文设计了尾缘凹陷新型三叶轴流风轮,同时除对前缘局部加厚处理外,对叶片其他区域整体减薄。文中采用Navier-Stokes方程对新风轮和原风轮的内流及气动特性进行了三维数值模拟,同时对两者的流量压力曲线和噪音频谱进行了实验研究。研究表明:对轴流风轮叶片尾缘进行凹陷设计,对前缘以外的区域减薄设计,能够减轻风轮重量,降低电机负荷同时减弱转子尾迹;对叶轮前缘进行局部加厚处理可以减小叶尖颤振,降低叶片旋转频率峰值噪音,从整体上降低噪音,改善音质。     

Experimental and numerical investigation of the unsteady flow field and tone generation in an isolated centrifugal fan impeller

In spite of a low circumferential Mach number the sound of isolated centrifugal fan impellers is sometimes dominated by distinctive tones at blade passing frequency (BPF) and integer multiples. This paper reports on an experimental and numerical investigation intended to unveil the tone generating mechanism. The sound spectra from three impellers operating at a large range of speed were measured and decomposed into Strouhal and Helmholtz number dependent functions. This led to the preliminary conclusion that the BPF related tones are exclusively flow-induced. Based on hot-wire and blade pressure fluctuation measurements and a subsequent correlation analysis, coherent flow structures different from those associated with the principal azimuthal flow pattern due to the blades were detected. Eventually a numerical three-dimensional unsteady flow simulation revealed an inlet vortex. It takes on a helical form, with the vortex core slowly varying its position with respect to the impeller center. As the blades cut through that quasi-stationary helical vortex they encounter blade force fluctuations, producing the BPF tones. Slow spin of the vortex core and slow variation of vortex strength were identified as the reasons for amplitude modulation of the BPF tone.     

A numerical study on the flow and sound fields of centrifugal impeller located near a wedge

Centrifugal fans are widely used and the noise generated by these machines causes one of the serious problems. In general, the centrifugal fan noise is often dominated by tones at blade passage frequency and its higher harmonics. This is a consequence of the strong interaction between the flow discharged from the impeller and the cut-off in the casing. However, only a few researches have been carried out on predicting the noise because of the difficulty in obtaining detailed information about the flow field and considering the scattering effect of the casing. The objective of this study is to understand the generation mechanism of sound and to develop a prediction method for the unsteady flow field and the acoustic pressure field of the centrifugal impeller. A discrete vortex method is used to model the centrifugal impeller and a wedge and to calculate the flow field. The force of each element on the blade is calculated by the unsteady Bernoulli equation. Lowson's method is used to predict the acoustic source. In order to consider the scattering and diffraction effects of the casing, Kirchhoff-Helmholtz boundary element method (BEM) is developed. The source of Kirchhoff-Helmholtz BEM is newly developed, so the sound field of the centrifugal fan can be obtained. A centrifugal impeller and wedge are used in the numerical calculation and the results are compared with the experimental data. Reasonable results are obtained not only for the peak frequencies but also for the amplitudes of the tonal sound. The radiated acoustic field shows the diffraction and scattering effect of the wedge.     

Experimental and numerical studies on the discrete noise about the cross-flow fan with block-shifted impellers

The experimental and numerical studies have been carried out to investigate the blade passage frequency (BPF) noise of a cross-flow fan (CFF) with the block-shifted impeller. Firstly, the aeroacoustic and aerodynamic features about the five different block-shifted impellers have been obtained experimentally. Secondly, the dynamic pressure sensors were put in the noise generating surfaces to investigate the pressure fluctuations generated by the shifted blocks in the near-field through the cross-correlation analysis. Thirdly, the two-dimensional (2D) unsteady flow field has been simulated by commercial CFD software and the vortex flow patterns and the unsteady force of the blade have been analyzed to detect the noise source about the CFF. Finally, the noise properties about the CFF were predicted by a hybrid method through the Farassat’s equation and the surface pressure fluctuations were provided by the CFD simulations. A simplified theory model has also been built up at the same time. The comparisons are made between the results of hybrid method and the theory model to validate the correctness of the noise prediction methods. The accuracy of these results was also evaluated by the corresponding experimental ones. The results indicate that the impellers with different block-shifted angles are the same in aerodynamic performance but different in the BPF noise. The relations between the shifted angles and the BPF noise levels have been predicted and discussed for the noise reduction.     

多翼离心风机的三维数值分析

本文对一前弯多翼离心风机的内流场进行了三维数值分析。结果显示蜗壳内部的最大压力沿着轴线方向分布在不同的圆周位置,叶轮内部蜗舌上游区域存在着进口旋涡,蜗舌附近存在着明显的从叶片出口到进口的逆向回流,蜗舌间隙中存在着间隙涡,本文同时给出了一些典型位置上的速度和静压沿轴向的分布曲线,为验证本计算方法的可靠性,计算的流量和压力特性曲线和实验结果进行了比较,吻合良好。     

不同叶轮形式下离心泵噪声特性对比研究

针对具有无短叶片和有短叶片两种叶轮形式的离心泵,对设计状态下离心泵内部流场进行了全三维、非定常数值模拟,对比分析了其非定常流场特性和噪声辐射特性。流场分析表明:叶轮叶片和蜗舌的相互作用造成了叶片表面强烈的压力脉动,对长短叶片的叶轮形式,在局部增加长叶片表面压力脉动的同时,短叶片表面的压力脉动保持较低水平;同时能够有效降低泵体进口压力脉动,但出口压力脉动有所增强。以叶轮叶片表面作为声源辐射面,对比分析了两种叶轮的偶极子噪声辐射特性,结果表明:长短叶片结构通过改变声能在频域上的分布,从而能有效降低总声压级。     

轴流式弯掠动叶变工况气动──声学性能的实验研究

本文介绍了变工况下，两台具有相同几何参数（动叶弦长除外）的轴流试验风机进行的气动一声学性能的实验研究。一台动叶是常规（径向）动叶，另一台是弯掠动叶（其弦长在中往处增加２０．４％。实验表明：在相同转速条件下，弯掠动叶轴流风机与径向动叶风机相比，不仅提高了气动效率（３％左右），降低了气动噪声（２～４ｄＢ（Ａ）（在最高效率点处，弯掠动叶与径向动叶相比压升增加了１３．１％，流量增加了５％），而且还大幅度地扩大了稳定工作范围（２０％左右）。弯掠动叶在旋转失速工况下性能曲线平坦，并且其旋转失速特征参数明显不同于径向动叶。弯掠动叶的总声压级和噪声频谱也表明了弯掠动叶具有低噪声的特点。