Implementation of ternary Shor's algorithm based on vibrational states of an ion in anharmonic potential

It is widely believed that Shor's factoring algorithm provides a driving force to boost the quantum computing research.However, a serious obstacle to its binary implementation is the large number of quantum gates. Non-binary quantum computing is an efficient way to reduce the required number of elemental gates. Here, we propose optimization schemes for Shor's algorithm implementation and take a ternary version for factorizing 21 as an example. The optimized factorization is achieved by a two-qutrit quantum circuit, which consists of only two single qutrit gates and one ternary controlled-NOT gate. This two-qutrit quantum circuit is then encoded into the nine lower vibrational states of an ion trapped in a weakly anharmonic potential. Optimal control theory(OCT) is employed to derive the manipulation electric field for transferring the encoded states. The ternary Shor's algorithm can be implemented in one single step. Numerical simulation results show that the accuracy of the state transformations is about 0.9919.     

A method of quantitative analysis based on ion bombardment induced secondary ion and photon emission

An absolute method of quantitative analysis using both secondary ion and photon emission is described. The method has been applied to the analysis of some NBS steel and Fe/Cr/Ni alloys, with good results. Enhancement of signal strength by means of an O⁺₂ beam or O₂ adsorption is not necessary for this method.     

A numerical method for the study of nonlinear stability of axisymmetric flows based on the vector potential

We develop in this paper a numerical method to simulate three-dimensional incompressible flows based on a decomposition of the flow into an axisymmetric part, in terms of the stream function and the circulation, and a non-axisymmetric part in terms of a potential vector function. The method is specially suited for the study of nonlinear stability of axially symmetric flows because one may follow neatly the raising of the different non-axisymmetric modes, their nonlinear development, and their nonlinear interaction. The numerical technique combines finite differences on a non-uniform grid in the axial direction, a Chebyshev spectral collocation technique in the radial direction, and a Fourier spectral method in the azimuthal direction for the non-axisymmetric vector potential. As an example to check the efficiency and accuracy of the method we apply it to the flow inside a rotating circular pipe, and compare the resulting travelling waves with previous stability results for this problem, for different values of the Reynolds and the swirl numbers.     

A method of quenching in fusing state under high static pressure used to study quasicrystals

Abstract

In this paper, a new method of quenching in fusing state under high static pressure (MQFSHP), which was developed in the beginning of 1986 by our group^1,2, used to study quasicrystals in alloys has been introduced.     

基于压缩表示的离子刻蚀仿真三维表面演化方法

为了研究表面演化过程的机理, 提出了一种基于压缩表示的三维表面演化方法来模拟等离子体刻蚀工艺,并着重探讨了对离子刻蚀的仿真. 为了解决三维元胞自动机内存需求量大的问题, 该方法将二维数组和动态存储方式相结合, 既实现元胞信息的无损压缩存储, 又保持三维元胞间的空间相关性. 实验结果也表明该方法不仅节省了大量内存, 而且在高分辨率条件下查找离子初始碰撞的表面元胞效率较高, 满足高分辨率仿真的要求. 将该方法应用于实现刻蚀工艺三维表面仿真中, 模拟结果与实验结果对比验证了该方法的有效性. 关键词： 等离子体刻蚀 元胞自动机 表面演化方法 高分辨率仿真     

Change of electrostatic potential of mean force between two curved surfaces due to different salt composition,ion valence and size under certain ionic strength

Change of an electrostatic potential of mean force (EPMF) between two cylindrical rod surfaces with salt composition, ion valence, and ion size at a constant ionic strength of 0.3 M is studied by a classical density functional theory (CDFT) in a primitive model electrolyte solution. Several novel observations are made: (i) strength of a so-called like charge attraction (LCA) reduces in an invariable manner with the salt solution changing from single 2:1 electrolyte to mixture of 2:1 and 1:1 type electrolytes of varying concentration ratios; the change is even over entire range of the composition variation under low surface charge strength, and tends to be insensitive to the composition variation in the presence of the divalent counter-ion, and more and more drastic at a critical point the divalent counter-ion disappears, respectively, as the surface charge strength becomes big enough. (ii) Both monovalent counter-ion and co-ion diameters have only a marginal effect on both the LCA strength and equilibrium distance, and the former “abnormally” affects less than the latter. (iii) Depending on the surface charge strength considered, the divalent counter-ion diameter influences the LCA strength in solution comprised of 2:1 type and 1:1 type electrolytes, monotonously or non-monotonously. All of these findings provide forceful support for a recently proposed hydrogen-bonding style mechanism explaining the LCA.     

基于量子遗传算法的认知无线电决策引擎研究

提出了基于量子遗传算法的认知无线电决策引擎，设计了待优化的多目标函数，利用量子遗传算法调整优化无线电参数，运用多载波系统对算法性能进行了仿真分析.实验结果表明该方法在收敛速度、收敛精度和算法稳定性上都明显优于经典遗传算法，在种群规模较小时仍然能获得很好性能，适合于实际实现.不同权重设置模式下仿真结果表明该方法能够在多个目标函数间进行权衡，参数调整结果与当前对目标函数的偏好一致.     

A morphological study of vicinal surface growth based on a hybrid algorithm

A hybrid algorithm that combines a phase-field model and a lattice gas model evolving according to a kinetic Monte-Carlo (KMC) simulation scheme is used to investigate the dynamics of vicinal surface growth during vapor phase epitaxy. The algorithm is computationally far more efficient than pure KMC schemes, and this gain in efficiency does not correspond to a loss in information on the kinetics of individual atoms. We present numerical studies on the temperature dependence of macroscopic properties of the growing surface, evaluating the relevant stochastic processes (attachment, detachment, diffusion and island dynamics) as a function of their rates. We show that the temperature at which step flow is replaced by island nucleation depends on incoming flux, diffusion parameters and interstep distance. Moreover, we validate these finding by comparison to experiments and by analytical investigations.     

一种颗粒底部压力不趋向饱和的粮仓系统

随着深度的增加竖直圆筒容器中的颗粒物质会把自己的重量逐渐转移到容器的侧墙壁上,使容器底部的压力出现不随筒中颗粒材料高度的增加而增加的饱和现象.但值得注意的是,圆筒中的颗粒柱体并不总是表现为这个称为粮仓效应的力学状态.例如当改变侧墙壁的力学环境使其无法承担颗粒的重量时,柱底部的压力显然将随其高度的增加而线性地增加.本文分析讨论了Janssen模型假设对这类处于静力平衡下,但违反粮仓效应的颗粒系统的行为预测. 关键词： 颗粒物质 粮仓 静摩擦 应力     

A method based on a nonlinear generalized Heisenberg algebra to study the molecular vibrational spectrum

We propose a method, based on a generalized Heisenberg algebra (GHA), to reproduce the anharmonic spectrum of diatomic molecules. The theoretical spectrum generated by GHA allows us to fit the experimental data and to obtain the dissociation energy for the carbon monoxide molecule. Our outcomes are more accurate than the standard models used to study molecular vibrations, namely the Morse and the q-oscillator models and comparable to the perturbed Morse model proposed by Huffaker [CITE], for the first experimental levels. The dissociation energy obtained here is more accurate than all previous models.     

基于平面波算法的二维声子晶体带结构的研究

介绍了平面波算法计算声子晶体带结构的分析过程，计算了二维双组分液相体系声子晶体的带结构.结果表明，四氯化碳/水银体系比水银/四氯化碳体系更容易产生带隙.随分散相填充分数f的增加，四氯化碳/水银体系声子晶体带隙宽度ΔΩ先增加，后减小，当f=0229时，有最大值ΔΩ=0549；水银/四氯化碳体系的带隙宽度一直增大，当f=0554时，有最大值ΔΩ=0515；f一定时，改变分散相单元的几何尺寸和点阵常数，带隙宽度ΔΩ保持不变. 关键词： 声子晶体 声子带隙 平面波算法 带结构     

A categorization method of infrared polarization and intensity image fusion algorithm based on the transfer ability of difference features

The fusion of infrared polarization and intensity image can significantly improve the detection performance of target, and the fused image is more suitable for human visual perception and further image-processing tasks. In this paper, a new categorization method of infrared polarization and intensity image fusion algorithm based on the transfer ability of difference feature is proposed. Firstly, the difference feature between two kinds of image and the characteristics of different fusion algorithms are analyzed and summarized. Second, an evaluation vector of fusion algorithm for difference feature transform ability is constructed. Thirdly, the transfer ability of fusion algorithm for difference feature is estimated by the evaluation vector, and the degree of transfer ability of fusion algorithm for difference feature is analyzed. Finally the fusion algorithms are classified by the degree of transfer ability of fusion algorithm for difference feature. The results shows that the proposed fusion algorithm categorization method helps select fusion algorithms in actual scene.     

Correction factor based on the ratio of the magnesium atom to ion background signals used for evaluating robustness in inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry

The ratio of the magnesium ion to atom signals with wavelengths of 280.270 and 285.213 nm, respectively, is frequently employed to estimate plasma robustness in inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry. To guarantee a rigorous and accurate calculation of this indicator of the plasma condition, a correction for the difference in the response of the instrument at the two wavelengths of magnesium has been frequently applied. However, the literature reviewed shows inconsistencies in the values of the correction factor used. Also it is notable the lack of information concerning the procedures to calculate such correction factor.

In this paper, we propose a simple method for the best estimate of the correction factor from an appropriate measurement of the magnesium atomic and ion background signals, when a blank solution, contaminated by magnesium, is nebulized. We proved that a bad selection of the wavelengths used for background signal estimation can underestimate the correction factor up to a 56%.     

A convergence study of a new partitioned fluid–structure interaction algorithm based on fictitious mass and damping

We develop, analyze and validate a new method for simulating fluid–structure interactions (FSIs), which is based on fictitious mass and fictitious damping in the structure equation. We employ a partitioned method for the fluid and structure motions in conjunction with sub-iteration and Aitken relaxation. In particular, the use of such fictitious parameters requires sub-iterations in order to reduce the induced error in addition to the local temporal truncation error. To this end, proper levels of tolerance for terminating the sub-iteration procedure have been obtained in order to recover the formal order of temporal accuracy. For the coupled FSI problem, these fictitious terms have a significant effect, leading to better convergence rate and hence substantially smaller number of sub-iterations. Through analysis we identify the proper range of these parameters, which we then verify by corresponding numerical tests. We implement the method in the context of spectral element discretization, which is more sensitive than low-order methods to numerical instabilities arising in the explicit FSI coupling. However, the method we present here is simple and general and hence applicable to FSI based on any other discretization. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the method in applications involving 2D vortex-induced vibrations (VIV) and in 3D flexible arteries with structural density close to blood density. We also present 3D results for a patient-specific aneurysmal flow under pulsatile flow conditions examining, in particular, the sensitivity of the results on different values of the fictitious parameters.     

A study on synergistic effects and protonation of a selected calixarene based picolinamide ligand used in the An/Ln separation

A series of liquid-liquid extraction tests was performed on the ligand hexakis(3-N-picoline-amidepropyloxy)calix[6]arene (PAR4). First, a screening campaign was carried out, in order to select the best organic solvent to be coupled to the aforementioned calixarene ligand. 2-Nitrophenyl hexyl ether (NPHE) was chosen to this purpose, and it was used in all the subsequent experiments, because of its excellent properties from both the viewpoints of calixarene solubility and ligand extracting capabilities. In solvent extraction tests, ²⁴¹Am was used as representative of minor actinides, while ¹⁵²Eu was employed to simulate lanthanides. Distribution coefficients and separation factors were obtained via γ-spectrometry. In addition, the synergism between the ligand and the lipophilic dicarbollide anion Cesium commo-3,3-cobalta-Bis(8,9,12 tribromo-1,2 dicarbacloso-Dodecarborane)ate(1-) (Br-Cosan) was investigated. Experimental results indicate that at pH ≥2 a strong synergistic effect between the calixarene ligand and Br-Cosan takes place. At higher acidity, on the other hand, the ligand protonation dramatically affects the efficiency and selectivity of the system.     

一种基于传输线方程的埋地电缆电磁脉冲耦合时域分析方法

埋地电缆和其它金属长导体对核电磁脉冲的耦合分析对于确定合理的工程防护措施具有重要意义。采用Agrawal模型和时域有限差分算法对线缆耦合问题进行了分析,针对该模型中需要计算土壤阻抗与电流项卷积、土壤导纳与电压项卷积的问题,提出了一种土壤阻抗特性的线性拟合处理方法,可避免复杂的卷积计算。介绍了该方法的基本原理和试用结果。这一模型拟合法适用于确定无时域解析表达式的传输线模型参数,与传输线模型的时域有限差分方法相结合,可用于分析非均匀场作用下传输线的耦合。     

一种基于传输线方程的埋地电缆电磁脉冲耦合时域分析方法

 埋地电缆和其它金属长导体对核电磁脉冲的耦合分析对于确定合理的工程防护措施具有重要意义。采用Agrawal模型和时域有限差分算法对线缆耦合问题进行了分析,针对该模型中需要计算土壤阻抗与电流项卷积、土壤导纳与电压项卷积的问题,提出了一种土壤阻抗特性的线性拟合处理方法,可避免复杂的卷积计算。介绍了该方法的基本原理和试用结果。这一模型拟合法适用于确定无时域解析表达式的传输线模型参数,与传输线模型的时域有限差分方法相结合,可用于分析非均匀场作用下传输线的耦合。     

A study of the impact on telecentricity to the illumination system based on CCD imaging

One of the important properties of the illumination system is of determining telecentricity for the realization of the place of wafer in the optical lithography. In this paper, we present numerical simulations of the optical imaging using four different illumination models and based on CCD imaging. We simulate the imaging of light source for different illumination pupil distributions and determine the energy centroid through the imaging of the conventional illumination which exist telecentricity of 11 mrad. Furthermore, we discuss the influencing factors of two aspects on telecentricity. One is the non-uniformity of light intensity distribution, and the other is pinhole defocus in the wafer. The range between the non-uniformity of light intensity distribution and pinhole defocus are quantified by computing the allowed telecentricity error in the illumination system. Finally, experiments have verified telecentricity measurement feasibility and validity. The presented scheme that with CCD imaging instead the actual wafer which saves cost and improves the accuracy in the optical lithography. In comparison with the measurement methods of convention the CCD imaging has a series of advantages such as fast response, high sensibility, high precision and the measurement is carried out on-line.