碳酸酯法非光气合成苯氨基甲酸酯

对非光气路线苯氨基甲酸酯的合成方法，尤其对碳酸酯法合成苯氨基甲酸酯的研究进展进行了介绍。重点讨论了碳酸酯法合成苯氨基甲酸酯的催化剂体系及其催化性能，并对其工业化前景进行了评述。     

尿素催化醇解合成长碳链脂肪族碳酸二酯

氧化锌;尿素催化醇解合成长碳链脂肪族碳酸二酯     

乙酸盐上二氧化碳和二醇合成环状碳酸酯

在乙腈体系中,以不同的乙酸盐作催化剂,研究了CO2与二醇合成环状碳酸酯的反应.乙腈在反应过程中不仅是溶剂,而且还起到了脱水剂的作用,促进了反应的进行.以1,2-丙二醇为反应物对催化剂进行筛选,发现无水乙酸锌具有最高的催化活性.在无水乙酸锌上考察了二氧化碳和不同二醇的反应,结果表明,五元环碳酸酯的产率明显高于六元环碳酸酯,其中碳酸丙烯酯的产率最高.以1,2-丙二醇为反应基质,无水乙酸锌为催化剂,确定了最佳反应条件,1,2-丙二醇100 mmol,乙睛10 mL,催化剂2.5 mmol,反应压力10 MPa,温度170 ℃,反应12 h.在此条件下,碳酸丙烯酯的产率达到了24.2%,1,2-丙二醇的转化率为38.9%.     

酯交换法合成碳酸甲乙酯

以碳酸钾为催化剂,在一定温度下乙醇和碳酸二甲酯进行酯交换反应合成了碳酸甲乙酯。系统地研究了反应物配比、催化剂用量和反应时间等因素对反应的影响,讨论了产物分离的工艺条件。当碳酸二甲酯用量为528mmol,n(碳酸二甲酯)：n(乙醇)=4：1,1K2CO3的摩尔百分用量为0．015％,反应7h,乙醇的转化率为86．9％,碳酸甲乙酯的产率为86．5％,选择性为99．7％。同时,产物的分离简捷。     

甘油碳酸酯合成方法概述

甘油碳酸酯（glycerol carbonate、4-hydroxymethyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-one）,又称为碳酸甘油酯、4-羟甲基-2-羰基-1,3-二氧戊环,主要用作反应中间体和溶剂,或与异氰酸盐、丙烯酸酯类产品反应生产聚合物用于涂料、胶黏剂和润滑剂等领域.尤其值得指出的是,甘油碳酸酯还是一种新型的多功能合成分子,由于分子内同时含有羟基和羰基官能团,     

聚(碳酸丁二醇酯-co-异山梨醇碳酸酯-co-螺环碳酸酯)的制备与性能研究

通过两步熔融缩聚法合成了一系列基于碳酸二苯酯、1,4-丁二醇、异山梨醇和螺二醇的三元共聚碳酸酯（PBISC），其结构和组成经¹H NMR和¹³C NMR表征，并采用GPC、 TGA、 DSC、 WXRD和拉伸试验分别对PBISC的性能进行研究。结果表明：PBISC共聚物的玻璃化转变温度为63~72 ℃，T_d，max值接近350 ℃， PBISC共聚物具有较低的结晶性能。     

丙三醇碳酸酯的电合成研究

在常温常压下,采用电化学方法,以丙三醇和CO₂为原料合成了丙三醇碳酸酯,并详细考察了各种条件对该反应的影响规律. 择优条件下,目标碳酸酯的产率可达73%,远远高于普通的催化方法. 并借助循环伏安曲线研究了反应体系的电化学行为,分析了整个反应的可能历程.     

离子液体中CO_2与炔醇在温和条件下高效合成-亚甲基环状碳酸酯

本文研究了离子液体1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑二乙基磷酸酯([EMIM][(EtO)2PO2])中醋酸银(AgOAc)对CO2与炔醇反应生成-亚甲基环状碳酸酯的催化性能,发现该反应可以在温和的条件下进行.在AgOAc/[EMIM][(EtO)2PO2]催化体系中,30℃、4 MPa CO2压力下,反应6h时-亚甲基环状碳酸酯的产率为97%;当压力降到0.5 MPa时,反应24 h产物产率为65.8%.[EMIM][(EtO)2PO2]在反应中起到了溶剂和碱的双重作用.AgOAc/[EMIM][(EtO)2PO2]体系重复利用3次活性仅略有下降.另外,该体系也可用于催化CO2与其他炔醇(3-甲基-1-戊炔-3-醇、3,5-二甲基-1-己炔-3-醇和2-苯基-3-丁炔-2-醇)的反应.     

催化合成丙烯酸高级醇酯的新型固体酸催化剂

丙烯酸高级醇是重要的精细化工产品和高分子聚合物单体，在涂料、石油降凝剂、建筑、造纸及皮革、化工等领域都有广泛的用途［１，２］。以往工业上用浓硫酸等作为催化剂合成，有腐蚀设备、产品难分离等弊端。本文采用的两种固体催化剂，具有活性高、性能稳定、价格便宜、...     

离子交换树脂催化合成碳酸亚丙酯

碘型离子交换树脂在某些偶极非质子性溶剂的作用下，能有效地催化二氧化碳与环氧丙烷合成碳酸亚丙酯，并能重复使用至少10次而仍能保持较高的催化活性。     

Selectivity in the electrochemical deprotection of cinnamyl groups from oxygen and nitrogen functionalities: carbonates versus carbamates

Several cinnamyloxy carbamates and carbonates were subjected to electrochemical reduction, and the reductive fate of the cinnamyl group was investigated. Complete selectivity was observed in the removal of the cinnamyl group from oxygen versus nitrogen.     

Synthesis of cyclic sulfamoyl carbamates and ureas via ring-closing metathesis

Synthetic routes to a diverse set of cyclic sulfamoyl carbamates and ureas are reported. These routes utilize 3-component coupling, Mitsunobu alkylation, and ring-closing metathesis using the second-generation Grubbs catalyst to achieve the synthesis of the target S-heterocyclic compounds. Cyclic S-heterocycles ranging from 9- to 11-membered rings have been obtained.     

Synthesis of bicyclic carbamates as precursors of Sedum alkaloid derivatives

Synthesis of a N-Boc-protected piperidin-2-yl phosphine oxide starting from piperidine in three steps, followed by olefination using a variety of α,β-unsaturated aldehydes resulted in tert-butyl 2-(2′-alkenylidene)piperidine-1-carboxylates in high yields. A novel type of intramolecular cyclization of these enamides furnished a new family of 3-alkyl-4,6,7,8-tetrahydro-3H-pyrido[1,2-c][1,3]oxazin-1-ones as useful substrates for further elaboration. Subsequent reduction of these unsaturated bicyclic carbamates using NaCNBH₃ or NaBH₄ afforded the corresponding 3-alkylhexahydropyrido[1,2-c][1,3]oxazin-1-ones in a highly stereoselective way. Reductive ring opening of two representatives furnished the corresponding Sedum alkaloid derivatives in good yields.     

乙二醇醇解松木屑反应特征及机理分析

利用酸化的乙二醇作溶剂对松木屑进行醇解,探讨了温度和时间对醇解转化率的影响。利用热重分析、红外光谱分析、扫描电镜及X射线衍射考察了醇解残渣的性质。分别利用傅里叶变换红外光谱及色质联用分析了正己烷不溶物和可溶物中组分的分布及特征。结果表明,松木屑转化率在90 min、160℃达到最大值95.3%。松木屑中纤维素无定形区的组分和木质素发生了解离,醇解残渣的表面结构被破坏;正己烷不溶物是含有羟基、甲氧基及醚键等含氧官能团的化合物;正己烷可溶物主要由苯二甲酸酯、硬脂酸甲酯、2-甲基己酸丙酯、2-甲基丙酸、聚乙二醇及未反应的乙二醇组成。乙二醇与松木屑解离的羧酸发生酯化反应,对液相产物具有稳定作用,促进了松木屑的醇解反应;醇解过程中乙二醇自缩聚生成聚乙二醇,增大了乙二醇的消耗。     

Synthesis of thermoplastic curdlan alkyl carbamates having hydrogen bonding ability

Rigid and little moldable curdlan, a linear β-1,3-glucan having intra- and interchain hydrogen bonds, was reacted with several alkyl isocyanates, which gave thermoplastic curdlan alkyl carbamates (CrdC) with degree of substitution about 2. The alkyl carbamation at hydroxy groups in the glucan skeleton effectively broke the interchain hydrogen bonds of curdlan and increased flexibility of CrdC, while the newly formed carbamate moieties could moderately keep the hydrogen bonding ability in CrdC. Elongating the alkyl groups in the carbamate side chains increased solubility in organic solvents and thermoplasticity of CrdC, which enabled to make homogeneous and free-standing films by both methods of solution-casting and hot-pressing.     

Synthesis and thermal properties of epoxy resins from ester-carboxylic acid derivative of alcoholysis lignin

Alcoholysis lignin (AL) was dissolved in ethylene glycol and the obtained mixture was reacted with succinic anhydride to form a mixture of ester-carboxylic acid derivatives (AL-polyacid, ALPA). Ethylene glycol-polyacid (EGPA) was also prepared from ethylene glycol. The obtained mixture of ester carboxylic acid derivatives was treated with ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether in the presence of catalytic amount of dimethylbenzylamine to form ester-epoxy resins. The curing reaction was analyzed by Ozawa's method using differential scanning calorimetry. The activation energy of curing reaction in the initial step was found to be ca. 84 kJ mol⁻¹. The molar ratios of epoxy groups to carboxylic acid groups ([EPOXY]/[AA] ratios) were varied from 0.8 to 1.3. The contents of ALPA in the mixture of ALPA and EGPA were also varied from 0 to 100%. Thermal properties of epoxy resins were studied by DSC and thermogravimetry. Glass transition temperatures of epoxy resins showed a maximum value of −11.5 °C when [EPOXY]/[AA] ratio was 1.1. T_g increased with increasing ALPA contents suggesting that lignin acts as a hard segment in epoxy resin networks. Thermal degradation temperatures of epoxy resins slightly decreased with increasing ALPA contents.     

Geminal systems. 50. Synthesis and alcoholysis of N-acyloxy-N-alkoxy derivatives of ureas,carbamates, and benzamides

Procedures were developed for the synthesis of N-acyloxy-N-alkoxy derivatives of ureas, carbamates, and benzamides by the reactions of the corresponding N-alkoxy-N-chloro derivatives with sodium carboxylates in MeCN. N-Chloro-N-ethoxy-p-toluenesulfonamide was inert in this reaction. Alcoholysis of N-acyloxy-N-alkoxy derivatives of ureas, carbamates, and tert-alkylamines afforded the corresponding N,N-dialkoxy derivatives, whereas alcoholysis of N-acetoxy-N-ethoxybenzamide gave rise to alkyl benzoates.     

Synthesis of carbonates and related compounds from carbon dioxide via methanesulfonyl carbonates

Carbonate anions resulting from reaction of primary or secondary alcohols with carbon dioxide, when added to methanesulfonic anhydride in cooled acetonitrile solution, yield methanesulfonyl carbonates, a new class of synthetic intermediate. Base-mediated reaction of the methanesulfonyl carbonates with alcohols, thiols, and amines yields carbonates, thiocarbonates, and carbamates, respectively. Overall yields for the three steps vary from 19% to 42%.     

由聚乙烯醇醇解液合成苄氧胺盐酸盐

首次采用聚乙烯醇醇解废液(Ⅰ,其中乙酸甲酯含量71%,甲醇含量28%)、盐酸羟胺(2)和氯化苄(4)为原料,经酰胺化、醚化和水解反应合成了苄氧胺盐酸盐,纯度99.3%,总收率90.2%,其结构经IR确证。分别采用L9(33)和L9(43)正交实验对酰胺化反应和醚化反应条件进行优化。最佳酰胺化反应条件为:2 70 mmol,n(2)∶n(Ⅰ)∶n(NaOH)=1.00∶2.03∶2.00,于40℃反应3 h,收率95.3%。最佳醚化条件为:乙酰氧肟酸(3)70 mmol,n(3)∶n(4)=1.00∶1.05,DMF 30 mL,于90℃反应5 h,收率92.0%。