索尔维物理学会议百年历程及其启示

1911年开始的索尔维物理学会议是最早的国际著名的系列性学术会议之一,因对物理学发展产生重要影响而在物理学史上占据了重要地位.本文将百余年举办的26届索尔维物理学会议分成4个核心主题进行了较为系统深入的探讨,勾勒出百余年物理学的发展特点,由此也丰富了物理学史的教育功能.     

德布罗意和玻姆

 路易·德布罗意(Louis de Broglie,1892-1987)曾以一篇关于1717年前后统治者以及阁员和议员更替的论文获得历史学学士学位,1911年第一届索尔维(solvay)物理学会议之后,德布罗意改习物理学,于1913年取得科学硕士学位。1924年,他在著名物理学家郎之万的指导下,以一篇划时代的论文《量子理论的研究》获得科学博土学位。1927年他提出了波动力学的“双重解理论”及其退化形式“波导理论”,并总结在一篇题为《物质及其辐射的波动力学和原子结构》的论文中。     

走近量子纠缠系列之三:量子纠缠态

<正>玻尔和爱因斯坦的第三次争论,本来应该发生在1933年的第七届索尔维会议上。但是,爱因斯坦未能出席这次会议,他被纳粹赶出了欧洲,刚刚风尘仆仆地到达美国,被聘为普林斯顿高等研究院教授。德布罗意和薛定谔出席了会议,但薛定谔没见到爱因斯坦暂时不想发言,德布罗意也不想单独与人辩论。这令玻尔大大松了一口气,会议上哥本哈根派唱独角戏,看起来量子论已经根基牢靠,论战似乎尘埃落定。然而,爱因斯坦毕竟是个伟人,不是那么容易服输的。尽管他当时因战争而流离失所,未能参加     

纪念实验物理学重大事件暨物理实验史学术讨论会简讯

由中国科技史学会和中国物理学会联合发起的“纪念实验物理学重大事件暨物理实验史学术讨论会”于 1988年 5月 30日至 6月 2日在湖南省湘潭大学召开.来自全国各地的代表共174人,另有两位美国来宾.会议开幕式上播放了著名物理学家张文裕的讲话录音,宣读了茗名物理学家钱三强为会议撰写的“关于重核裂变的回忆录”和虞福春为会议写的书面讲话稿.会上还宣读了国际科学史学会前主席E.N.Hiebert敦授的来信.美国物理学会物理学史分会主席L.Badash教授向大会致了贺词.中共中央宣传部副部长龚育之到会并在大会上讲了话. 会议着重纪念迈克耳孙-莫雷…     

美国物理学会暨物理学史分会“三月会议”在底特律举行

美国物理学会于1984年3月26日至30日在密西根州底特律市召开(凝聚态)年会,其中物理学史分会于28日晚上举行.会议主席洪德森(L.Hoddeson)博士(女),简述了国际固体物理学史研究进展;麻省理工学院史密斯(C·S·Smith)教授回顾了固体物理学有史以前的情况;物理学会物理学史中心主任伟尔特(S.Weart)博士介绍了1930到1960年间固体物理团体的形成过程;依里诺衣大学辛姆柏斯基(K·Szymbor-ski)博士演讲了实验与理论的发展概况;他们的发言引起了与会者的兴趣. 中国复旦大学校长著名固体物理学家谢希德教授也参加会议.美国物理学会暨物理学史分会…     

第五届国际中国科技史会议在美国圣迭戈举行

第五届国际中国科技史会议于1988年8月5 日至10日在美国加州大学圣迭戈(San Diego)分校举行,会议由该校物理系程贞一教授主持.参加会议的代表共130多人,他们来自中国、美国、法国、英国、联邦德国、日本、澳大利亚、比利时、瑞士、马来西亚、新加坡、南朝鲜等.中国的台湾和香港也派代表参加了会议.会议代表共提交论文摘要175 篇,分别在下列二十个组内宣读:大会报告,数学,宇宙学与天文学,中国医药史的新探索,中国十三世纪后的数学,生物学与农学,中国文化中的印刷,物理技术.炼丹与化学,冶金学与金属技术,声学与声律,物理学,天文学〔观察、仪…     

会议简讯

(一) 由中国科技史学会和中国物理学会联合发起的《纪念实验物理学重大事件暨物理实验史学术讨论会》于1988年5月30日在湖南省湘潭大学召开、来自全国各地的代表共174人,另有美国来宾两位.会上播放了我国著名物理学家张文裕先生的讲话录音,宣读了钱三强先生专门为会议撰写的关于重核裂变的回忆录和虞福春先生为会议写的书面讲话稿.在开幕式上,还宣读了国际科学史学会前主席希尔伯特(E.N.Hilbert)教授的来信,美国物理学会物理学史分会主席巴达什(L.Badash)教授向大会致了贺词.中共中央宣传部副部长龚育之同志到会并在大会上讲了话. 本次大…     

第十六届国际统计物理会议介绍

第十六届国际统计物理会议于1986年8月11日到16日在美国波士顿市举行.自从1949年在意大利佛罗伦萨举行第一次会议以来,这是参加者最多、课题最为广泛的一次.总共约有一千位与会者,提出了近八百篇论文.从会议的内容看,统计物理的对象和方法,正在发生着一些显著的变化. 首先,会议的全称虽然仍是国际热力学和统计物理学会议,但热力学方面的论文不到10篇.统计物理及其在各个领域的应用占了压倒优势的地位.这一发展趋势是很自然的,因为物理学总是把自己的发展成熟的分支,不断转变成工程技术领域的基础学科,同时不断开辟新的方向.电工学、电子学、…     

第五届国际声学会议

第五届国际声学会议于1965年9月7日至14日在比利时的列日举行。会议进行了六天半,每天上午是大会,做综述性报告16篇,下午按学科分支,分12个分组宣读专题论文共423篇,此外在第一天上午开幕式上比利时P.Brien做了“动物的声器官和演化”报告作为开幕词。现按分组专业将有关报告和论文分述如下:     

欧洲电致发光物理讨论会

电致发光物理专题讨论会于1980年9月23日至26日在比利时的列日(Liége)大学举 行。这次专题讨论会是一次欧洲物理学研究会议,由比利时国家科学研究基金会等单位发起主办。与会者55人,来自比利时、中国、英国、芬兰、法国、西德、日本、荷兰、波兰、瑞典、美国等11个国家。与会者中有18人来自工业公司或公司所属实验室。他们的名称是:     

Novel quantum phases and mesoscopic physics in quantum gases

Among many notable jubilees brought by the year 2012, the one of a special importance for the community of statistical physicists was the 140th birth anniversary of Marian Smoluchowski (Maryan Ritter von Smolan Smoluchowski, 28.05.1872 - 5.09.1917), who was one of the pioneers of statistical physics and, on a larger scale, one of those who shaped modern physical science as a whole. The present issue of EPJ ST entitled From Brownian motion to self-avoiding walks and Lévy flights aims to reflect the evolution of Smoluchowski’s ideas in the field of statistics of interacting random and self-avoiding walks, stochastic equations for many-particle systems, physics of glass-forming and noise driven systems. Majority of papers in this issue were presented at the international conference in statistical physics that took place in Lviv (Ukraine) on July 3-6, 2012.     

Single-photon space-like antibunching

We use heralded single photons to perform an antibunching experiment in which the clicks at the detectors are space-like separated events. The idea of such experiment dates back to the 5th Solvay conference, when it was proposed by Einstein as an expression of his concerns about quantum theory.     

Glafka–2004 ‘Iconoclasm’: The Soul and Spirit of the Meeting

The following is a brief talk that opened and attempted to set the atmosphere for the first ‘Glafka–2004: Iconoclastic Approaches to Quantum Gravity’ international theoretical physics conference. It aimed to capture the general spirit of the meeting, as well as to inspire and unite its participants under the following envisioned ‘cause’: to bring together and scrutinize certain important current quantum gravity research approaches in a fresh, unconventional, almost unorthodox, way.Introductory remarks to the 1st Glafka–2004: Iconoclastic Approaches to Quantum Gravity international theoretical physics conference, held in Athens, Greece (summer 2004).     

General discussion on processing

Dr. J. Chauffoureaux (Solvay, Brussels, Belgium): I suggest that we start the discussion with the problems related to the modification of the structure of PVC during processing. What happens in a singlescrew extruder o r in a twin-screw extruder? What a r e the influences of the particle structure of the PVC polymer and of additives on the fusion o r the gelation during processing?     

Editorial

With this volume The European Physical Journal D (EPJ D) continues its tradition of publishing a selection of papers drawn from the bi-annual main conference in the field of cluster physics. The readers should be aware that this is not a conference proceeding in the normal sense of the word, i.e. it is not a collection of all posters and papers presented at this conference. Rather, the guest-editors for this volume of EPJ D have selected only such papers from this conference which comply with the normal high quality standards of a refereed international scientific journal -- in terms of novelty, soundness and scientific quality. The guest-editors have made sure that all papers have been subject to a standard refereeing process which ensures these high standards as expected by the readers of EPJ D. We trust that the specific collection of papers published in this volume will contribute to the future attractiveness of EPJ D especially in the ever growing field of cluster physics.     

Instructions for Authors

Chinese Physics B(Chin.Phys.B),formerly titled Chinese Physics,is an international comprehensive academic journal,aiming to publish original papers and rapid communications reflecting creative and innovative achievements in physics,as well as review papers about important accomplishments in frontier of physics.The journal is published monthly in English by the Chinese Physical Society(CPS) and the IOP Publishing.Chin.Phys.B has already been included in six world famous international index systems including SCI and INSPEC.     

Two post-Alikhanian generations of physicists

Artem Alikhanian, famous Soviet physicist, was one of founders of experimental nuclear and cosmic-ray physics in USSR and in Armenia. A result of his activity is subsequent two generations of professional physicists presenting the real wealth of Armenian science.     

Turning the Ship: The Transformation of DESY, 1993–2009

This article chronicles the most recent history of the Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY) located in Hamburg, Germany, with particular emphasis on how this national laboratory founded for accelerator-based particle physics shifted its research program toward multi-disciplinary photon science. Synchrotron radiation became DESY’s central experimental research program through a series of changes in its organizational, scientific, and infrastructural setup and the science policy context. Furthermore, the turn toward photon science is part of a broader transformation in the late twentieth century in which nuclear and particle physics, once the dominating fields in national and international science budgets, gave way to increasing investment in the materials sciences and life sciences. Synchrotron radiation research took a lead position on the experimental side of these growing fields and became a new form of big science, generously funded by governments and with user communities expanding across both academia and industry.     

探讨大学物理实验教学中物理常量的使用和测量结果的表示

指出并探讨当前大学物理实验教学尚存部分内容陈旧落后、与科学技术发展脱节以及是否采用国际、国家通用标准等问题.通过介绍基本物理常量的研究进展,建议在教学中采用国际科学技术数据委员会2006年推荐的基本物理常量;根据国内外学术惯例及国家标准,提出测量结果不确定度的表示方法;为避免有效数字缺乏统一的定义或引起误解,建议在实验教学中用修约间隔规定后的修约值来代替有效位数的概念,同时要引入修约间隔的概念;最后,给出了微小标准差的可忽略准则.     

User Workshop on High-Power Lasers at the Linac Coherent Light Source

A two-day international workshop on the physics and integration of high-power lasers with the Linac Coherent Light Source was held in Stanford, California, USA, on October 1–2, 2013. The workshop was co-organized by UC Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley, Lawrence Livermore, and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratories. More than 150 scientists, including 30 students and postdocs who are working in high-intensity laser-matter interactions, fusion research, and dynamic high-pressure science, came together from North America, Europe, and Asia. The group discussed the most promising and important new physics experiments that will be enabled by the unique combination of high-power lasers and the world-class LCLS free-electron laser X-ray beam.