Waveguide invariant estimation in elastic Pekeris waveguide

Focus on sound intensity,particle velocity,complex sound intensity and waveguide impedance,the formation mechanism of interference structures in range-frequency domain for the above four kinds of physical quantities in Pekeris waveguides is analyzed based on Normal Mode Theory.Also,a sea-trial with broadband radiated source is conducted to verify the analysis results.Both the simulation results and the analysis of sea-trial data indicate that,in range-frequency domain,the four kinds of physical quantities will exhibit a stable interference structure which can be expressed with waveguide invariant β.Among these quantities,the coherent components of complex sound intensity can better reflect the interference characteristics of the waveguide.Finally,a multi-scale linear filter is introduced to deal with the sea-trial LOFAR(Low Frequency Analysis Recording) spectrum,the processing results show that the proposed filter can effectively enhance the interference characteristics in images,and conductively detect and extract striations' information from interference structures in LOFAR spectrum.     

Waveguide invariant focusing for broadband beamforming in an oceanic waveguide

The performance of broadband sonar array processing can degrade significantly in shallow-water environments when interference becomes angularly spread due to multipath propagation. Particularly for towed line arrays near endfire, elevation angle spreading of multipath interference often results in masking of weaker sources of interest. While adaptive beamforming in a series of narrow frequency bands can suppress coherent multipath interference, this approach requires long observation times to estimate the required narrowband covariance matrices. To form wideband covariance matrices which can be estimated with less observation time, plane-wave focusing methods have been used to avoid interference covariance matrix rank inflation. This paper extends wideband focusing to the case of coherent multipath interference. The approach presented here, called waveguide invariant focusing (WIF), exploits a robust relationship for the frequency dependence of horizontal wave number differences. Unlike matched-field methods, WIF does not model multipath wave fronts but rather makes the interference appear to occupy the same rank-one subspace across frequency. This permits formation of wideband covariance matrices without interference rank inflation. Simulation experiments in a realistic ocean environment indicate that adaptive beamforming using WIF covariance matrices can provide a significant array gain improvement over conventional adaptive methods with limited observation time.     

浅海运动目标波束域波导不变量测距方法研究

波导不变量是描述海洋波导环境声信号水平距离与频率干涉结构现象的特征参量。运动目标波导不变量测距方法需要已知目标速度值,运动目标速度一般是未知的。针对这一问题,本文提出了一种利用水平线阵估计目标运动速度的浅海波导不变量测距方法。该方法通过不同时刻波束域声信号互谱分析进行声源速度估计,结合HOUGH变换提取的LOFAR图斜率和波导不变量进行运动目标测距。仿真结果表明,该方法能够有效的进行运动目标的距离估计。利用2013年7月浅海实验数据,该方法估计出了发射船的距离,并与GPS测量的距离进行对比,相对误差小于10%。     

浅海运动目标波束域波导不变量测距方法研究

波导不变量是描述海洋波导环境声信号水平距离与频率干涉结构现象的特征参量。运动目标波导不变量测距方法需要已知目标速度值,运动目标速度一般是未知的。针对这一问题,本文提出了一种利用水平线阵估计目标运动速度的浅海波导不变量测距方法。该方法通过不同时刻波束域声信号互谱分析进行声源速度估计,结合HOUGH变换提取的LOFAR图斜率和波导不变量进行运动目标测距。仿真结果表明,该方法能够有效的进行运动目标的距离估计。利用2013年7月浅海实验数据,该方法估计出了发射船的距离,并与GPS测量的距离进行对比,相对误差小于10%。     

The invariant densities for maps modeling intermittency

For a one-parameter family of maps modeling intermittency the explicit formula of the invariant density is presented.     

水平变化波导中两种耦合简正波方法的比较与分析

分析比较了处理水平变化波导中声传播问题的两种耦合简正波方法:DGMCM(Direct-Global-Matrix Coupled-Mode Method)和CCMM(Consistent Coupled-Mode Method)。首先,两种方法都提供声场的双向解,具有很高的计算精度。其次,DGMCM和CCMM中本地垂直模式序列均具有较快的收敛速度,但DGMCM比CCMM需要较少的水平分段数。再次,两种方法通过求解不同的耦合简正波系统得到声场解,但求解过程中所需参数的计算量基本相同。另外,DGMCM能够处理某些CCMM不容易解决的问题,如海底形状不平滑,线源在斜坡海底上方,以及多声源问题。在DGMCM方法中给出了双层波导问题的耦合矩阵解析表达式,还推导更新了CCMM模型,使其能够处理二维线源问题。     

水平变化波导中两种耦合简正波方法的比较与分析

分析比较了处理水平变化波导中声传播问题的两种耦合简正波方法:DGMCM(Direct-Global-Matrix Coupled-Mode Method)和CCMM(Consistent Coupled-Mode Method)。首先,两种方法都提供声场的双向解,具有很高的计算精度。其次,DGMCM和CCMM中本地垂直模式序列均具有较快的收敛速度,但DGMCM比CCMM需要较少的水平分段数。再次,两种方法通过求解不同的耦合简正波系统得到声场解,但求解过程中所需参数的计算量基本相同。另外,DGMCM能够处理某些CCMM不容易解决的问题,如海底形状不平滑,线源在斜坡海底上方,以及多声源问题。在DGMCM方法中给出了双层波导问题的耦合矩阵解析表达式,还推导更新了CCMM模型,使其能够处理二维线源问题。     

水平变化双层波导声传播问题的耦合简正波解

为了验证现有模型的精度,导出了全反射下边界双层波导中简正波耦合矩阵的解析表达式,并将其应用到全局矩阵耦合简正波模型(Direct Global Matrix Coupled-Mode)中,使得该模型可以提供水平变化双层波导问题的标准解。文中首先利用COUPLE的简正波及耦合矩阵数值解验证了该简正波及耦合矩阵解析表达式的正确性;其次,采用改进的DGMCM模型求解了双层波导海山声传播损失,结果表明,改进后的DGMCM模型可以非常精确地求解水平变化双层波导问题,可作为求解此类问题的标准模型使用。     

Spherical striations in a glow discharge

The stratification of a volume glow discharge is observed experimentally. Spherically symmetric stationary striations are detected. Pis’ma Zh. éksp. Teor. Fiz. 66, No. 11, 679–682 (10 December 1997)     

一种水平变化可穿透波导中声传播问题的耦合简正波方法

通过利用标准简正波程序KRAKEN计算本地简正波解及耦合矩阵, 进一步发展了求解水平变化波导中声场的全局矩阵耦合简正波方法(Luo et al., "A numerically stable coupled-mode formulation for acoustic propagation in range-dependent waveguides," Sci. China-Phys. Mech. Astron. 55, 572 (2012)), 使得该方法可以处理具有可穿透海底及随深度变化声速剖面等实际问题, 并提供声场的完全双向解. 本文还给出了双层波导中耦合矩阵的解析表达式, 并利用其验证了本方法中耦合矩阵数值算法的精度. 最后, 利用改善后的全局矩阵耦合简正波模型(DGMCM)计算了美国声学学会(ASA)提出的可穿透楔形波导标准问题, 将所得数值解与参考解比较, 结果表明DGMCM方法可以精确处理水平变化波导中声传播实际问题. 关键词： 耦合简正波理论 全局矩阵方法 可穿透楔形波导     

Propagation in a waveguide with range-dependent seabed properties

The ocean environment contains features affecting acoustic propagation that vary on a wide range of time and space scales. A significant body of work over recent decades has aimed at understanding the effects of water column spatial and temporal variability on acoustic propagation. Much less is understood about the impact of spatial variability of seabed properties on propagation, which is the focus of this study. Here, a simple, intuitive expression for propagation with range-dependent boundary properties and uniform water depth is derived. It is shown that incoherent range-dependent propagation depends upon the geometric mean of the seabed plane-wave reflection coefficient and the arithmetic mean of the cycle distance. Thus, only the spatial probability distributions (pdfs) of the sediment properties are required. Also, it is shown that the propagation over a range-dependent seabed tends to be controlled by the lossiest, not the hardest, sediments. Thus, range-dependence generally leads to higher propagation loss than would be expected, due for example to lossy sediment patches and/or nulls in the reflection coefficient. In a few instances, propagation over a range-dependent seabed can be calculated using range-independent sediment properties. The theory may be useful for other (non-oceanic) waveguides.     

Variations of mode amplitudes in a range-dependent waveguide

The ray method of calculating the mode amplitudes is used to analyze the sound fields in deep-water acoustic waveguides with two types of inhomogeneities of the refractive index: (i) weak inhomogeneities that cause small perturbations of ray trajectories and (ii) strong inhomogeneities with large spatial scales. Simple analytical relations are derived for describing the variations of the mode structure of the sound field in the presence of the aforementioned inhomogeneities. A new criterion defining the validity of the adiabatic approximation is formulated. To illustrate and test the results obtained, a numerical simulation of the sound fields is performed on the basis of the parabolic equation method.

     

水平变化波导中一种声场计算方法的数值实现

全局矩阵方法计算水平变化环境中的声场具有稳定性好、速度快、精度高等优点,在数值实现中如何快速、准确的求解大规模矩阵是该方法的一个关键问题。本文针对全局矩阵的特点,分别利用两种矩阵求解器,PARDISO和LAPACK,求解该问题。经过比较和讨论,得出结论:LAPACK对于全局矩阵的求解更有优势,求解速度快,而且可求解问题规模相对较大。使用不同的数值实现方法计算了楔形波导的传播损失(ASA标准问题),与解析解比较,证明全局矩阵方法计算精度很高。     

一种水平变化波导中声传播问题的耦合模态法

针对介质参数及海底边界水平变化波导中的声传播问题,本文基于多模态导纳法提出一种能量守恒且便于数值稳定求解的耦合模态方法.将声压表示为一组正交完备的本地本征函数之和,对声压满足的Helmholtz方程在本地本征函数上作投影,推导出关于声压模态系数的二阶耦合模态方程组.耦合矩阵直观描述水平变化因素对模态耦合的贡献.为避免直接求解二阶耦合模态方程组可能遇到的数值发散问题,将其重构为两个耦合的一阶演化方程组,引入导纳矩阵并使用Magnus数值积分方法获得稳定的声场解.利用该耦合模态方法数值计算水平变化波导中的声场,并与COMSOL参考解比较,结果表明该耦合模态理论能够精确求解水平变化波导中的点源及分布源传播问题.     

Bump time-frequency toolbox: a toolbox for time-frequency oscillatory bursts extraction in electrophysiological signals

Background  

oscillatory activity, which can be separated in background and oscillatory burst pattern activities, is supposed to be representative of local synchronies of neural assemblies. Oscillatory burst events should consequently play a specific functional role, distinct from background EEG activity – especially for cognitive tasks (e.g. working memory tasks), binding mechanisms and perceptual dynamics (e.g. visual binding), or in clinical contexts (e.g. effects of brain disorders). However extracting oscillatory events in single trials, with a reliable and consistent method, is not a simple task.     

飞机舱音记录器背景声的联合时频分析研究

飞机舱音记录器记录的舱音主要是由话语音、噪声和具有不同物理意义的背景声组成的复杂混合体,用传统的辨听和分析方法难以获取较多的舱音特征参数。本文以一个舱音记录器记录的主告警声为例,针对传统短时傅立叶变换在舱音辨听、分析的不足,将联合时频分析引入到飞机舱音分析中,扩展了舱音分析方法。对比分析结果表明:时频分布及其重排,在时频分辨率、时频凝聚性、交叉项干扰的抑制上各有所长,都适合分析非平稳舱音背景声,从而为飞行事故调查提供一种值得采用的方法。     

时间-频率联合分析消除太赫兹光谱干涉

基于Fourier变换的传统太赫兹时域光谱分析技术从不同长度的太赫兹信号中产生了不一致的光谱结果,增加太赫兹时域采样长度又会造成光谱的干涉,不利于太赫兹光谱测量的研究和应用。应用小波变换方法对太赫兹波谱作时间—频率联合分析,将不同时刻的太赫兹波谱展开到二维的时间-频率平面,消除了光谱分析的不一致性和光谱干涉的影响。     

水下线谱噪声源识别的波束域时频分析方法研究

从联合空时频三维信息从发, 提出了波束域时频分析识别水下运动航行器低频线谱噪声源位置的方法. 首先, 利用小孔径圆环阵的超指向性波束形成, 将各线谱噪声源匀速通过正横位置附近时产生的多普勒信号在时域上分离. 其次, 分别使用伪Wigner-Ville分布和调频小波变换两种时频分析方法对波束输出的信号进行处理, 得到各噪声源信号的时频图像. 最后, 转换时间坐标到空间并参考配置信标, 即可识别低频线谱噪声源在水下航行器上的位置. 该方法解决了阵列识别水下低频噪声源的孔径受限问题, 同时对处理同频相干噪声源也适用. 仿真试验结果表明: 两种波束域时频分析方法都能较精确地识别低频线谱噪声源的位置; 在测量系统信息的配合下, 波束域调频小波变换的识别效果更优.     

Courant-Snyder invariant density screening method for emittance analysis

Emittance is an important characteristic of describing charged particle beams. In hadron accelerators, we often meet irregular beam distributions that are not appropriately described by a single rms emittance or 95% emittance or total emittance. In this paper,it is pointed out that in many cases a beam halo should be described with very different Courant-Snyder parameters from the ones used for the beam core. A new method — the Courant-Snyder invariant density screening method - is introduced for analyzing emittance data clearly and accurately. The method treats the emittance data from both measurements and numerical simulations. The method uses the statistical distribution of the beam around each particle in phase space to mark its local density parameter, and then uses the density distribution to calculate the beam parameters such as the Courant-Snyder parameters and emittance for different beam boundary definitions. The method has been used in the calculations for beams from different sources, and shows its advantages over other methods. An application code based on the method including the graphic interface has also been designed.     

Wave nature of moving striations in a longitudinal magnetic field

Wave nature of stationary moving striations in helium and neon discharges in a uniform longitudinal magnetic field is studied. With the increase of the magnetic field, the frequency of natural striations decreases, while the wave length increases, and they damp out at high field region. Artificial excitations in these gases show that the wave length is proportional to the excitation frequency for given magnetic field and the slope of linear lines increases with the field. These wave nature of striations is explained following the dispersion relation derived from the consideration of waves of ionization and including effects of the magnetic field on the ionization.