Fiber nonlinearity mitigation by PAPR reduction in coherent optical OFDM systems via biased clipping OFDM

A new method incorporating biased clipping orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) is presented, which mitigates fiber nonlinear effects in a long-haul coherent optical OFDM (CO-OFDM) system. Under the scheme of the method, the wanted signal carried by odd subcarriers is orthogonal to clipping noise and a Mach-Zehnder modulator (MZM) performs the optimal OFDM signal up-converter from the radio frequency (RF) domain to the optical domain. Analysis and simulation results show that fiber nonlinear effects can be effectively mitigated by reducing the peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) in biased clipping CO-OFDM system. The nonlinearity threshold (NLT) is improved by 5 dB with a reach of 240 km. With a fiber length up to 800 km, system Q value is improved by approximately 2.3, 1.2, and 0.6 dB at a chromatic dispersion of 6, 12, and 16 ps/(nm·km), respectively. Additionally, system Q reaches the maximum when direct currect (DC) bias is equal to the mean value of the OFDM waveform.     

OFDM visible light communication transmitter based on LED array

In this letter, we present a scheme generating OFDM signals in optical domain instead of electrical domain by transmitting subcarrier signals with multiple LEDs. According to the simulation, this scheme can effectively eliminate signal degradation caused by the high peak-to-average power ratio of OFDM signals in traditional transmitter. Computational complexity in digital part of the transmitter can be reduced by using look-uo table. Receiver will stay unchanged.     

Phase pre-emphasis for PAPR reduction in optical OFDM systems based on OIDFT or time lens

Phase pre-emphasis is theoretically studied and introduced to reduce peak-to-average power ratio （PAPR） in optical orthogonal frequency division multiplexing （OFDM） systems. In intensity modulated （IM） systems, simulations show noticeable PAPR reductions： 4.14 dB （N = 16） and 15.48 dB （N = 512） in time lens-based OFDM, N is the number of subcarriers. An equation is developed to calculate phase values and is proved to be effective. Optical implementing methods are proposed and analyzed. In a time lens-based OFDM system, phase pre-emphasis reduces fiber nonlinearity and results in a 5.2-dB increase of launch power at the bit error rate （BER） of 10 ？6 . Simulations also show similar PAPR reduction and fiber nonlinearity mitigation in optical inverse discrete Fourier transformer （OIDFT） based OFDM systems.     

OFDM水声通信CS限幅失真补偿与LS信道估计优化算法

正交频分复用技术应用于水声通信系统时,会引起较高的峰均比,当采用限幅法对峰均比进行抑制时,会产生非线性失真.另外,系统采用最小二乘法进行信道估计受噪声的影响较大.针对以上问题,提出了一种基于压缩感知技术的补偿限幅非线性失真与最小二乘信道估计相组合的新算法,在接收端利用导频数据采用压缩感知算法对限幅失真进行补偿,同时对最...     

光双二进制传输系统的性能研究

光双二进制信号的谱宽是传统二进制信号的一半,采用双二进制传输比二进制传输色散限制的中继距离可增加一倍.本文对采用传统光接收机的光双二进制传输系统用MATLAB进行了通信仿真.结果表明:在完全消光条件下,10 Gb/s双二进制信号在常规单模光纤上传输可达160 km,40 Gb/s双二进制信号在非零色散光纤上为30 km,均比二进制增加了一倍;详细考察了消光比对传输的影响,只有消光比大于25 dB时,双二进制相对于二进制传输的优越性才呈现出来.     

Theoretical analysis and realization of optoelectrical predistortion optical transmitter for the simultaneous suppression of IM3 and IM5 signal

We present an opto-electrical predistortion optical transmitter showing significant reductions in both 3rd-order and 5th-order intermodulations (IM3 and IM5). The simultaneous reductions of IM3 and IM5 are achieved by choosing an appropriate bias current and RF input power for the LD, obtained by the analysis of the 3rd-order to 5th-order intermodulation distortion ratio (TFR). In our experiments, two DFB-LDs (master and slave LDs) with a similar performance are used; the matching circuits of the two LDs are designed to have equal properties. The experimental results show that reductions of 30 dB in the IM3 and 12 dB in the IM5 are achieved simultaneously under the optimum TFR conditions of a 12 mA bias current and a 0 dBm RF power at 2.2 GHz.     

基于低采样率模数转换器的延时复用频分多址无源光网络

基于正交频分复用技术的无源光网络中,光网络单元为了获得其所属小部分下行数据,需高采样率模数转换器将所有频宽的信号恢复才能分出其所需要数据.同时正交频分信号峰均比很高,传输中容易引起非线性效应.为此,本文提出一种基于低采样模数转换器的延时复用频分多址无源光网络.在光线路终端将数据序列交错排序并在时域映射为正交幅度调制信号;再通过离散傅里叶变换扩频技术,将信号转换为频域信号并映射到子载波上.通过预先发送和回传训练信号,估测包括延时采样和低采样接收在内的信道频响;再将频域信号利用估测信息在光线路终端做预处理,从而使信号传输中的失真得到有效预补偿.本文实验演示了含有多个光网络单元的系统,对于含有M个光网络单元的无源光网络,模数转换器的采样率可以降低到1/M Nyquist采样率,实验中模数转换器的采样率可以降低到1/32 Nyquist采样率;由于下行信号通过光线路终端预处理实现失真预补偿,光网络单元接收到的信号不需要均衡,不需要傅里叶变换和傅里叶逆变换,避免了与之对应的相关计算量,降低了光网络单元的计算复杂度;由于使用了扩频技术,信号波形具有更低的峰均比,从而降低了非线性对信号的影响,增加了功率预算.此外,随着光网络单元的增加,信号的误码率几乎没有增加,光网络单元个数增加到32时,向前纠错极限为10~(-3)的功率代价小于0.5 dB;系统对光网络单元采样时刻偏离具有一定容限;25 km光纤传输的功率代价大约0.5 dB.理论和实验均证明本方案能够简化光网络单元,降低无源光网络的成本;与传统的无源光网络相比具有明显优势.     

半导体光放大器非线性失真特性实验研究

对半导体光放大器（SOA）用于1 310 nm残留边带幅度调制（AM-VSB）视频光信号放大时的非线性失真特性进行了实验研究.分析了非线性失真机理.给出了当输入光信号波长位于SOA增益谱下降沿且输入光信号功率较大时,SOA所引入的非线性失真主要由其增益随输入光信号功率变化而波动所造成的结论和对应表达式.提出了减小非线性失真的方法.设计了适合于AM-VSB视频光信号放大的SOA并用于有线电视（CATV）系统实验.研究结果表明,在300 mA的工作电流下,SOA在载频647.25 MHz处引入的组合二阶互调失真（CSO）在－42 dB～－38 dB之间,并随输入光信号功率的增加而变大.     

联合重叠压缩感知法消除水声通信系统限幅噪声

针对正交频分复用(Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing,OFDM)水声通信系统的高峰值平均功率比(Peakto-Average Ratio,PAPR)问题,在发射端采用了压扩变换法和限幅法联合的方法降低PAPR。由于限幅法会产生带内干扰和带外噪声,降低通信系统的误码性能,因此利用限幅噪声的稀疏性,在接收端采用压缩感知(Compressed Sensing,CS)法对限幅噪声进行估计和恢复。限幅噪声的估计受信道估计准确性的影响,为提高限幅噪声估计的准确度,提出了重叠压缩感知算法,在恢复限幅噪声的过程中利用了压缩感知信道估计法估计所得的信道信息和发射数据对限幅噪声进行估计,有效降低了限幅法对系统误码性能的影响。仿真和水池实验验证了该算法的有效性。     

Joint iterative compressed sensing algorithm eliminating clipping noise in underwater acoustic communication system

Due to the intricacy characteristics of the Underwater Acoustic(UWA) channel especially the limited bandwidth, Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing(OFDM) is used because of its high spectrum efficiency. However, relatively high Peak-to-Average-Power Ratio(PAPR) limits the efficiency of OFDM in UWA communication, leading to saturation in the power amplifier and consequent distortion of the signal. Clipping and C companding as the most classic and convenient algorithms, are widely applied to address the high PAPR issue. However clipping introduces additional noise which degrades the system's performance and traditional C companding is also not suitable for underwater acoustic field. Thus, an improved C companding combined with clipping is proposed here. Due to the sparseness of clipping noise, Compressed Sensing(CS) can be utilized to estimate it. The scheme exploits pilot tones and data tones as observations instead of reserve tones, which is different from the previous works and improves data rate. Furthermore, to minimize the effect of the underwater acoustic channel, the channel is also estimated using the CS technique, which provides more accurate channel characteristics than Least Square(LS) or Minimum Mean Square Error(MMSE) estimation algorithms. The effectiveness of the proposed algorithm is proved in computer simulations as well as in a pool experiment.     

交调失真影响下星间微波光子链路接收灵敏度优化

高输入信号功率时的交调失真是降低星间微波光子链路接收灵敏度的主要因素。考虑输入N路四相相移键控(QPSK)调制信号的情形,建立了强度调制/直接检测(IM/DD)星间微波光子链路模型。利用傅里叶级数展开、傅里叶变换/逆傅里叶变换和Graf加法定理,推导出了接收信号任意谐波和交调分量的解析表达式,在确定三阶交调失真个数的基础上,得到了接收光功率与信号噪声失真比(SNDR)之间的关系。着重分析了不同调制方式下链路接收灵敏度与信道数和调制系数之间的关系。当调制系数较小时,接收灵敏度对信道数变化不敏感。随着调制系数的增大,接收灵敏度先增大后减小,存在最佳的调制系数可以使链路接收灵敏度最高。     

Continuous-unconstrained and global optimization for PSO-PTS based PAPR reduction of OFDM signals

Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) is a superior technology for the high-speed data rate of wire-line and wireless communication systems. However, one of the major drawbacks of OFDM signals is the high peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) problem inherent in 5G waveform design. High PAPR causes OFDM signal distortion in the nonlinear region of the high power amplifier (HPA), and signal distortion leads to a decrease in bit error rate (BER). Partial transmit sequence (PTS) technique is a very attractive technique for PAPR reduction. However, to match the optimum condition on PTS for PAPR reduction, the computational unpredictability and cost of traditional PTS strategy are enormous, thus it is urgent to enhance computational efficiency to obtain the optimal PTS. In this paper, an improved scheme called Continuous-Unconstrained Particle Swarm Optimization based PTS (CUPSO-PTS) technique for optimum phase rotation factors searching is presented. A class of continuous-phase PTS schemes has been proposed to obtain the global optimal phase factor, and the theoretical boundaries can be determined in the continuous-unconstrained searching space. Conversely, when the phase factor values in continuous-unconstrained domain, the equivalent unconstrained PTS optimization can drastically accelerate convergence and reduce total calculation cost. In this paper, we compare the performance of Binary PSO based PTS (BPSO-PTS) scheme and Elitist Genetic Algorithm based PTS (EGA-PTS) scheme for 16-QAM modulation scheme. Theoretical analysis and simulations show that the proposed CUPSO-PTS scheme could provide a significant PAPR reduction in the OFDM system, which outperforms the OFDM systems with the traditional PTS scheme by 0.55 dB at CCDF of 10⁻³ in PAPR reduction. And 84.74% computational complexity is saved.     

大气激光通信非对称限幅光正交频分复用技术

将一种新的正交频分复用调制技术运用到大气激光通信系统中,分析了采用这种非对称限幅光正交频分复用调制技术的大气激光通信系统在大气湍流信道下的性能.在此基础上,把非对称限幅光正交频分复用调制方案与传统的开关键控及直流偏置光正交频分复用调制方案进行了比较,并在大气湍流信道中进行了仿真.仿真结果表明:非对称限幅光正交频分复用调...     

基于数字相干叠加的相干光正交频分复用系统中光纤非线性容忍性研究

光正交频分复用系统中的光纤非线性效应制约着系统进一步的扩容. 针对此问题, 提出一种数字相干叠加的方法, 用于提高相干光正交频分复用系统对光纤非线性的容忍性. 仿真中, 5通道的波分复用下偏振复用相干光正交频分复用系统的每个通道传输四进制正交振幅调制映射的71.53 Gbit/s信号在光纤中传输400 km. 首先, 通道间隔为25 GHz, 与传统相干光正交频分复用系统相比, 色散补偿前后, 使用数字相干叠加的相干光正交频分复用系统的信噪比分别提升了6.02 dB和9.05 dB, 最佳入纤光功率均增大了2 dB; 其次, 通道间隔为50 GHz, 色散补偿前后, 信噪比分别提升了4.9 dB和8.75 dB. 通过理论推导及仿真, 验证了所提方法能有效消除相干光正交频分复用系统的一阶非线性失真, 进而提高系统对光纤非线性的容忍性.     

EER–LINC RF transmitter architecture for high PAPR signals using switched power amplifiers

Digital radio communications uses nowadays different modulation schemes with high data rate possibilities. Designing a multi-standard linearized transmitter is an interesting goal for which OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplex) modulation is the worst case at the moment. Transmission of multi-carrier signals like OFDM ones are subject to high dynamic variation, quantified by the PAPR (Peak to Average Power Ratio) signal property. Nonlinearities occurring at the power amplification part implies the transmitter to be linearized for preserving the information integrity. This paper presents a new multi-standard linearized RF transmitter architecture based on both EER and LINC techniques. The goal is to cancel the influence of the high PAPR of an OFDM signal as soon as possible in the different steps of the transmitter. In order to maintain the overall efficiency, the use of switched PAs is promoted, which is possible thanks to the constant (envelope) power property occurring by the proposed EER–LINC method. New circuit designs are necessary, and comparison with classical EER and LINC solutions is discussed.     

Optical orthogonal frequency division multiplexed transmission using all‐optical discrete Fourier transform

Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) can provide spectrally efficient communication channels because it can utilize carrier orthogonality and various impairment mitigation methods. An optical OFDM signal can be generated electronically to multiplex lower‐rate carriers. In recent advancements, OFDM signals are also shown to be generated and demultiplexed by all‐optical discrete Fourier transform (DFT), overcoming the speed limit of electronics for >Tbps capacity. High‐performance DFT devices, such as arrayed waveguide grating (AWG) or planar lightwave circuit (PLC), are critically required to obtain strong orthogonality for scalable all‐optical OFDM (AO‐OFDM) system implementations. Advanced techniques such as coherent modulation and detection with digital impairment mitigation are also important for long‐reach AO‐OFDM transmissions. More recently, optical superchannel schemes have been introduced utilizing coherent detection for multi‐Tbps AO‐OFDM transmissions. This paper reviews the device and system aspects for the AO‐OFDM technology, including a generalized theoretical model to provide an indepth understanding.     

Multi-scale mapping algorithm for INI cancellation and a novel mixed-numerologies OFDM transceiver

OFDM with mixed-numerologies enhances the system flexibility effectively to meet the demands of diversified application scenarios. However, the coexistence of waveforms with different numerologies leads to serious inter-numerology interference (INI), and the corresponding relationship between the number of guard subcarriers and the power of INI needs to be considered for scheduling subcarriers. In this paper, we propose a multi-scale mapping (MSM) and INI cancellation (MSM-INIC) algorithm as well as the corresponding de-MSM algorithm for mixed-numerologies OFDM system. Based on the proposed algorithms, we provide a novel transceiver in the scenario of multi-path fading channel, in which subcarrier scheduling does not need to consider whether the guard band is allocated. In the proposed transmitter, an additional MSM-INIC module is employed to pre-compensate signal distortion for downlink, and in the receiver, a de-MSM module is applied to de-map the received signals for recovering the original numerologies. Furthermore, we reveal the inherent property of the mapped signals, and propose a low computational complexity de-MSM algorithm accordingly. Simulation results verify the superiority of the proposed transceiver in BER performance as well as spectrum efficiency even without any guard band.     

Photonic vector signal generation employing a novel optical direct-detection in-phase/quadrature-phase upconversion

This work demonstrates the feasibility of the generation of an RF direct-detection vector signal using optical in-phase/quadrature-phase (I/Q) upconversion. The advantage of the proposed transmitter is that no electrical mixer is needed to generate the RF signal. Therefore, I/Q data of RF signals are processed at baseband at the transmitter, which is independent of the carrier frequency of the generated RF signal. A 10 Gb/s 16 quadrature amplitude modulation signal is experimentally demonstrated. Following transmission over a 50 km single-mode fiber, the power penalty is negligible. Moreover, I/Q imbalance of the proposed transmitter is studied and compensated by digital signal processing, which is both numerically and experimentally verified.     

155~Mb/s——10~Gb/s combined FSK-IM/optical label-packet modulation signals 100~km transmission over standard single mode fiber using mid-span spectral inversion by four-wave mixing in an SOA

This paper introduces the mid-span spectral inversion by four-wave mixing in a commercially available semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) with a length of about 1.5~mm to optical label switching network based on combined frequency shift keying (FSK)-intensiy modulation (IM)/optical label-packet modulation to overcome the dispersion limitation of fiber. The 155~Mb/s--10~Gb/s combined FSK/IM signal is experimentally transmitted over a 100~km standard single mode fiber. 10^-10 and 10⁹ BER (bit error ratio), or even better, is achieved for the FSK label and IM packet, respectively. The -19~dB power conversion efficiency is obtained for -1~nm wavelength detuning.     

Hybrid cable television and orthogonal-frequency-division-multiplexing transport system basing on single wavelength polarization and amplitude remodulation schemes

A hybrid community antenna television (CATV) and orthogonal-frequency-division-multiplexing (OFDM) transport system is proposed and experimentally demonstrated to transmit multiple CATV channels and bi-directional radio frequency signals on a single optical carrier. By polarization remodulating an optical CATV signal with downstream OFDM signals and then amplitude remodulating upstream OFDM signals with the hybrid CATV/OFDM signals, this architecture can efficiently utilize only one optical carrier to support optical analog/digital CATV transmission and bi-directional wireless broadband services for each client. Good experimental results prove that this architecture provides a proper wavelength utilization scheme for future multiwavelength optical transport systems.