A novel time-to-live countdown scheme based on asymmetric Mach-Zehnder interferometer and Fabry-Perot semiconductor optical amplifier

We propose a novel optical time-to-live (TTL) processing scheme using asymmetric Mech-Zehnder interferometer (AMZI) and Fabry-Perot semiconductor optical amplifier (FP-SOA). AMZI transfers M TTL pulses into M - 1 pulses and two residual pulses with 6-dB power difference. FP-SOA enhances the power difference between the M- 1 pulses to the residual pulses to more than 10 dB. A numerical model is established for verifying the feasibility of this scheme.     

互注入锁定产生双波长可调谐光脉冲的实验研究

报道了两个增益开关调制的法布里-珀罗半导体激光器互注入锁定实验方案,可产生双波长可调谐光脉冲。该装置对两个结构基本相同的法布里珀罗半导体激光器做增益开关调制,产生多模光脉冲输出;然后利用两个光纤光栅作为滤波元件,通过调节可调谐光延迟线(VODL2),可使得双波长光脉冲在两个法布里-珀罗激光器之间相互注入锁定．从而在输出端得到高边模抑制比的双波长光脉冲输出。然后再通过应力作用在两个光纤光栅上以改变它们的反射波长和适当调整另一个可调谐光延迟线(VODLI)长度．可得到不同的双波长的光脉冲输出,而重复频率保持524．6MHz不变。在13．2nm调谐范围内边模抑制比高于25dB．系统稳定且波长调节方便。     

All-optical flip-flop based on an active Mach-Zehnder interferometer with a feedback loop

A novel architecture for an all-optical flip-flop is validated experimentally. The architecture comprises a single semiconductor optical amplifier-based Mach-Zehnder interferometer with an external feedback loop. The experimental results show optical bistable operation for a latching device with an on-off contrast ratio of 11 dB that employs set and reset pulses of less than 250 pJ, although the energy of these pulses could be greatly reduced by optical integration of the whole device.     

Dispersion-Compensation Device with Waveguide Grating Routers

A compact transmissive waveguide-type dispersion compensation device that uses waveguide grating routers is proposed. This device provides dispersion compensation in long-haul fiber transmission lines and can also be used as a pulse compressor for ultrashort optical pulse generation. A device for the pulse compression of picosecond-length optical pulses has been designed and is numerically analyzed. The proposed device works as a compact (on the centimeter order) and transmissive pulse compressor for picosecond optical pulses.     

基于光纤环形腔光数据包循环复制的实验研究

通过实验研究了利用不同分光比耦合器构成的光纤环形腔实现光数据包循环复制的效果，并理论分析了影响复制效果的结构因素。耦合器分光比、光纤环形腔中的损耗和噪声对复制效果有不同的影响。光纤环形腔中光放大器、滤波器的加入，以及光脉冲直流基座的降低，可以明显改善输出的幅值和复制序列长度。但实验显示，接近等幅复制的光放大会引起光纤环形腔的自激。在这一情况下，在输出端增加饱和半导体光放大器（SOA）可提高复制信号的识别效果。     

Dispersion measurement technique based on the self-seeding laser oscillation of a Fabry-Perot laser diode

A simple dispersion measurement technique has been proposed and demonstrated by using the self-seeding laser oscillation of a Fabry-Perot laser diode through an optical closed-loop path. When the multi-mode optical pulses emitted from the laser are re-injected into the laser after traversing a fiber-under-test, a single mode laser oscillation occurs through the closed-loop path due to the group velocity difference between the pulses of different wavelengths. We measured the dispersion parameter of the fiber-under-test from the modulation frequency changes required to induce single-mode laser oscillations through the optical closed-loop path. The maximum measurement error was less than 1.5% for the optical fibers as compared with a commercial instrument.     

Formation and erasure of population difference gratings in the coherent interaction of a resonant medium with extremely short optical pulses

In the regime of coherent interaction of short optical pulses with a resonant medium, which is implemented with a pulse duration shorter than the relaxation times in the medium, the formation of population gratings can occur without overlapping the pulses therein. In this case, there are new possibilities for controlling optical pulses, which are especially pronounced for extremely short pulses. It is shown that, with the proper choice of the parameters of a sequence of extremely short optical pulses, not only the formation of population gratings, but also their erasure are possible. It is demonstrated that this effect can be used for the creation of an ultrahigh-speed optical deflector.     

Necessary conditions for nonlinear excitation of a high-order mode in a single-mode optical fiber

The necessary conditions for nonlinear excitation of higher-order modes in a single-mode step-index optical fiber are analyzed. The cutoff conditions for such an optical waveguide are investigated taking into account Kerr nonlinearity. The minimal power of optical pulses required for fulfilling the necessary conditions for nonlinear excitation of higher-order modes in a single-mode step-index fiber is calculated as a function of the normalized frequency. The allowed ranges of variation of the normalized frequency and optical-radiation power are estimated. It is demonstrated that the conditions necessary for nonlinear excitation of a higher-order mode in a step-index single-mode optical fiber can be created for optical pulses shorter than 500 fs.     

Generation of 88 as Isolated Attosecond Pulses with Double Optical Gating

Isolated attosecond pulses with a duration of 88 as are generated in the spectral range of 29-72 eV using double optical gating technique.The gate width is set to be shorter than half the optical cycle to avoid carrier envelop phase stabilization of the 4.2 fs driving laser pulses centered at 800 nm.The attosecond pulse duration is measured with the technique of frequency resolved optical gating for complete reconstruction of attosecond bursts.     

Design of zero dispersive double clad fiber for high efficiency operation of two color light

A double clad solid silica fiber is newly designed for applications which need the high efficiency operation of two colors of light. Ultrashort pulses with a central wavelength of 800?nm are delivered by the core of the double clad fiber which can realize the transmission of the optical pulses with a net chromatic dispersion of zero. This is achieved by integrating the double clad fiber with a pair of long period gratings, which allows optical pulses to propagate in a higher order mode (LP₀₂) in the middle of the fiber as well as in a fundamental mode (LP₀₁) at the beginning and end of the fiber. The index profile of the double clad fiber is engineered so that the higher order mode has high anomalous dispersion that can be used to compensate for normal dispersion of the fundamental mode. By controlling the lengths of the fiber where pulses are in a fundamental and in a higher order modes, the fiber with total zero dispersion can be realized. The double clad fiber can collect 100?% of visible light within the numerical aperture of 0.21 with a loss of the optical pulses less than 1?%. The design of this fiber is essential for applications including fiber-optic nonlinear imaging for compactness, robustness, and low optical power loss in dispersion compensation.     

掺镱硼酸钙氧钇飞秒激光器及在拉锥光纤中产生跨倍频程超连续光

跨倍频程超连续光谱的产生是光学频率梳系统中测量载波包络相移频率的关键.本文采用拉锥单模光纤作为非线性光谱展宽介质, 将半导体激光(LD)抽运的掺镱硼酸钙氧钇(Yb:YCOB)振荡器输出的飞秒激光耦合到该拉锥光纤中, 通过飞秒激光在光纤中发生的相位调制、四波混频等非线性效应将光谱展宽至超过倍频程的范围.振荡器输出的飞秒激光脉冲宽度为130 fs, 中心波长为1052 nm, 重复频率为76.8 MHz, 平均功率为620 mW, 耦合进单模拉锥光纤后获得了光谱覆盖范围从550 nm至1350 nm的跨倍频程超连续光谱, 最大输出平均功率为323 mW, 耦合效率达到52%.为进一步实现全固态飞秒激光光学频率梳提供了重要基础.     

Nonlinear optics with stationary pulses of light

We show that the recently demonstrated technique for generating stationary pulses of light [M. Bajcsy, A. S. Zibrov, and M. D. Lukin, Nature (London) 426, 638 (2003)] can be extended to localize optical pulses in all three spatial dimensions in a resonant atomic medium. This method can be used to dramatically enhance the nonlinear interaction between weak optical pulses. In particular, we show that an efficient Kerr-like interaction between two pulses can be implemented as a sequence of several purely linear optical processes. The resulting process may enable coherent interactions between single photon pulses.     

Dynamic response of twisted nematic liquid crystal cells to transiently pulsed fields

The transient optical response of a TN cell to single field pulses is experimentally investigated. The optical threshold for pulses is investigated as a function of pulse width and cell parameters d and θ. The subsequent relaxation of the cell below optical threshold is inferred by investigation of the sensitivity of the cell to a second delayed pulse. A method of calculating tilt angles from capacitance measurements of LC cells is also described.     

On a physical implementation of logical operators NOT and CNOT in a two-qubit quantum computer controlled by ultrashort optical pulses

It is shown that it is preferable to perform quantum computations on a system of two-level atoms with metastable states using optical dipole transitions that occur under the effect of ultrashort light pulses. It is suggested to measure the quantum information that is passed to qubits using Bloch, rather than pure, quantum states of two-level atoms. Moreover, the inversion of atoms can be used as the measure of quantum information. In order to describe the logical operators NOT and CNOT in the system of interacting two-level atoms (qubits), modified optical equations for the Bloch vectors of individual qubits are derived. These equations are solved in combination with field equations, without using the slowly varying amplitude approximation, for a small two-qubit system in the field of ultrashort intense optical pulses of arbitrary shape. A numerical analysis of the solution shows that it is possible to control the recording of information on individual qubits in a small quantum system of a dimension much smaller than the length of the optical wave by smoothly varying the irradiation conditions of qubits.     

Tunable phase-stabilized infrared parametric laser source

This paper reports that the tunable self-phase-stabilized infrared laser pulses have been generated from a two-stage optical parametric amplifier. With an 800 nm pump source, the output idler pulses are tunable from 1.3 μm to 2.3 μm, and the maximum output energy of the idler pulses is higher than 1 mJ at 1.6 μm by using 6 mJ pump laser. A carrier-envelope phase fluctuation of ～ 0.15 rad (rms) for the idler pulses is measured for longer than one hour by using a home build f-to-2f interferometer.     

Widely-wavelength-tunable few-cycle optical pulse generation from an all-fiber erbium-doped laser system

A scheme for the construction of fiber laser systems for the generation of tunable ultrashort optical pulses is proposed. The scheme is based on the self-Raman shift of the soliton frequency in dispersion-decreasing fibers with the subsequent spectral broadening owing to the supercontinuum generation in a short highly nonlinear fiber and the compression in the corresponding fiber compressor. An all-fiber laser system for the generation of ultrashort laser pulses in the wavelength range 1.6–2.0 μm is experimentally demonstrated. In particular, the shortest pulses with a duration of 24 fs are generated at wavelengths of 1.8–1.9 μm, which corresponds to less than four optical cycles.     

应用光学双稳原理的高精度光纤传感器

本文提出一种光纤干涉仪与光电混合光双稳装置相结合的新型光纤传感器.用光双稳开关脉冲计数度量温度变化,其测量精度比基于干涉条纹计数的一般干涉型光纤传感器的精度约高10～100倍,而且测量精度可调节.完成了这种传感器原理的模拟实验验证.     

Nonlinear optical generation and detection of ultrashort electrical pulses in transmission lines

The nonlinear optical generation and detection of subpicosecond electrical pulses on coplanar transmission lines is demonstrated. The electrical pulses are generated by optical rectification of ultrashort optical pulses and detected by electro-optic sampling. Both processes are the result of a second-order nonlinear optical response that occurs in the same poled polymer medium. A bipolar temporal waveform with a FWHM duration of 180 fs for the positive lobe that was measured after a propagation distance of 125 mum was observed. Pulse broadening was minimized by careful attention to the device structure.     

Optical quantum transmitter with finesse of 30 at 800-nm central wavelength using microring resonators

A microring resonator (MRR) system incorporating an add/drop system is presented. The finesse of the proposed system can be determined using the full width at half maximum (FWHM) and free spectrum range (FSR) of the generated multiple soliton pulses. The central wavelength of the bright input soliton pulse has been selected as 800 nm, at which a ring system with better sensitivity shows high finesse that is suitable for applications to many optical communication systems such as optical transmitters and sensors. Simulation results show that FSR of 0.3 nm and 1.1 ns and FWHM of 10 pm and 36.6 ps could be obtained. Therefore, a system with finesse of 30 can be obtained; in such a system, the MRR system shows high performance. This system can be used in optical communication networks as a transmitter system for optical soliton pulses with finesse of 30, and theses pulses can be detected via an optical receiver.     

Code synchronization based on lumped time-delay compensation scheme with a linearly chirped fiber Bragg grating in all-optical analog-to-digital conversion

We propose a novel lumped time-delay compensation scheme for all-optical analog-to-digital conversion based on soliton self-frequency shift and optical interconnection techniques. A linearly chirped fiber Bragg grating is optimally designed and used to compensate for the entire time-delays of the quantized pulses precisely. Simulation results show that the compensated coding pulses are well synchronized with a time difference less than 3.3 ps, which can support a maximum sampling rate of 151.52 GSa/s. The proposed scheme can efficiently reduce the structure complexity and cost of all-optical analog-to-digital conversion compared to the previous schemes with multiple optical time-delay lines.